Hasil untuk "Modern"

Svetlana Tamkovich, Svetlana Tamkovich, Aleksei Shefer et al.

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common malignant disease in women. However, currently used instrumental and laboratory (CA15-3, CA125, etc.) diagnostic methods demonstrate insufficient sensitivity and specificity for early and reliable detection of BC. In this regard, great expectations are associated with the liquid biopsy method based on the identification of tumor cells or their components, including tumor-derived exosomes. The purpose of this study is to analyze current data on exosome proteins that can be used for diagnostics using liquid biopsy. This review discusses the role of exosomal crown proteins in the spread of BC and assesses their potential as diagnostic markers. The undoubted advantages of using exosomal crown proteins as tumor markers compared to other components of the tumor secretome are the simplicity and reproducibility of their analysis by flow cytometry, as well as, unlike microRNA, tissue specificity. In contrast to prior reviews that primarily catalogue extracellular vesicle cargo, we specifically assess surface-accessible proteins that combine biological relevance with analytical feasibility. This approach bridges mechanistic EV biology with the practical design of clinically translatable diagnostic assays. Standardization of protocols for exosome isolation, antibody validation, and signal amplification will be critical to the successful implementation of this approach into routine clinical practice. Integration of exosomal coronary protein profiling into modern oncology workflows may open new opportunities for early detection, long-term surveillance, and precision treatment of BC.

Παναγιώτα Βορριά

Το βιβλίο της Μαρίας Καρδαρά ‘Φωνές των χαμένων παιδιών της Ελλάδας’, είναι μια συλλογή 14 περιπτώσεων βρεφών που υιοθετήθηκαν από την Ελλάδα στις ΗΠΑ και στην Ολλανδία από το 1950 και μετέπειτα. Οι υιοθετημένοι αναφέρονται στις εμπειρίες τους,  στο αποχωρισμό τους από τις οικογένειές τους, στον ξεριζωμό τους από τη χώρα καταγωγής τους, στην εναγώνια αναζήτηση  βιολογικών συγγενών τους, στην ανάγκη τους να γνωρίσουν τη γενέθλια γη, στις δυσκολίες που αντιμετωπίζουν στη συγκρότηση της ταυτότητάς τους, στις σχέσεις τους με τους θετούς γονείς τους, στην οικογένεια που οι ίδιοι δημιούργησαν.

Liza Efriyanti, Ihwana As'ad

The design of curricula in Islamic universities frequently encounters difficulties in addressing the evolving needs of students, industry demands and the distinctive integration of Islamic values. Conventional methodologies are inadequate in their capacity to adapt to the evolving needs of the modern educational landscape. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in this domain remains underdeveloped, with many instances overlooking the crucial role of religious principles and institutional characteristics. This study addresses this gap by developing a Decision Support System (DSS) using Mamdani type 1 fuzzy logic, with the objective of assisting in determining an independent curriculum learning model tailored to Islamic higher education. The system incorporates a number of input variables, including student needs, industry requirements, institutional characteristics and data analysis. The output variables include an evaluation of the suitability of the learning model and a recommendation as to the most appropriate model. To illustrate, in situations where student needs are high, industry demands are moderate, institutional characteristics are high, and data analysis is moderate, the recommended model places an emphasis on balancing theoretical knowledge with practical application, while also aligning with Islamic values.  The validation of this AI-based model, utilizing 2023 historical data from five Islamic universities in West Sumatra, yielded an average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.64, thereby demonstrating good predictive accuracy. The integration of AI in this system facilitates data-driven decision-making, thereby enhancing the relevance and adaptability of the curriculum. It has the potential to improve the quality of education, support balanced student learning outcomes, and ensure alignment with Islamic principles, making it a transformative tool for curriculum development in Islamic higher education.

K. Davis

M. N. Srinivas

E. S. Vladimirova, F. A. Chernousov, I. E. Popova et al.

Relevance. Liver trauma is one of the most common abdominal injuries. The purpose is to review the evidence and present the current level of diagnosis, tactics and treatment of blunt liver trauma.Materials and methods. The results of clinical studies in liver trauma have been analyzed. Literature was searched in PubMed electronic search engines (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), eLibrary (https://elibrary.ru) by keywords: "liver trauma", "management liver trauma", "diagnosis liver trauma". 134 publications were selected for analysis.Results. Historically, most patients with liver trauma were cured promptly using techniques such as liver suturing, liver resection, ligation of the hepatic artery, atrioval shunts. Conservative management was practically not used. Consequently, mortality was high and reached almost 90% in patients with severe trauma, including damage to the main hepatic vessels. The introduction of such techniques as perigepathic packaging and direct suturing of damaged vessels significantly improved the prognosis of patients. The widespread use of conservative therapy in patients with stable hemodynamics, the management of which is based on instrumental assessment, carefully selected diagnostic imaging of the nature of liver injury, instrumental dynamic observation using operative X-ray angiology and endoscopy, in a hybrid operating room, contributed to the improvement of treatment results.Conclusion. In recent decades, conservative therapy has been performed in 80–86% of cases in patients with stable hemodynamics. The use of minimally invasive interventions such as angiography and embolization, a combination of percutaneous drainage and endoscopic methods for injury to vascular and biliary structures can be considered as the main method of treating post-traumatic complications.

Wenfeng Zhang, Ran Li, Jianfeng Wang et al.

Superior soft-magnetic materials are necessary for the development of modern magnetic devices with energy-saving and high-power density requirements. However, improving the magnetism by nanocrystallization always brings about the sacrifice of resistivity, presenting a common trade-off in Fe-based amorphous-nanocrystalline alloys. Here, the comprehensive merits of both superior soft-magnetic properties (high saturation magnetization of 1.81 T and low coercivity of 3.8 A/m) and high resistivity of 117.2 μΩ·cm were obtained by precisely tailoring amorphous-nanocrystalline microstructure close to electrical percolation threshold for a Fe82.5B12P2C1Cu0.5Co2 amorphous alloy. The soft-magnetic properties are attributed to the low magnetic anisotropy stemming from high nuclei number density and ultrafine nanocrystalline grains of 9.2 nm. The high resistivity is associated with the electrical percolation behavior with a nanocrystalline volume threshold of 14.8 % in the composite alloy. The results provide an effective strategy to overcome the trade-off in traditional amorphous-nanocrystalline alloys, significant for applications in high-frequency, high-power, and energy-saving devices.

W. Heisenberg

S. Gupta, L. Hasdorff

Stavros Souravlas, Sofia D. Anastasiadou, Theodore Economides et al.

The detection of community structures is a very crucial research area. The problem of community detection has received considerable attention from a large portion of the scientific community. More importantly, these articles are spread across a large number of different disciplines, from computer science, to statistics, and social sciences. The analysis of modern social networks becomes rather cumbersome, as their size and number keeps growing larger and larger. Moreover, in the modern communities, users participate in large number of groups. From the network perspective, efficient methods should be developed to automatically identify overlapping communities, that is, communities with overlapping nodes. In this work, we use a probabilistic network model to characterize and identify linked communities with common nodes. The innovative idea in this work is that the communities are represented as Markovian networks with continuously changing states. Each state represents the number of users within a cluster, that have specific characteristic classes. Based on the current state, we introduce a fast, linear on the number of newly added users, approach to estimate the probability of each cluster to be homogeneous in terms of sets of user characteristics and to determine how well the new user fit within a community. Because of the linear computations involved, our proposed probabilistic model can detect communities and overlaps with low execution time and high accuracy, as shown in our experimental results. The experimental results have shown that our probabilistic scheme executes faster and provides more robust communities compared to competitive schemes.

Zhongwei Shen, Zhiping Zhang, Jie Chen et al.

n-Alkanes are one of the most used proxies in lake sediments to reconstruct past climate change. However, the distribution and concentration of n-alkanes are controlled by multiple factors, and their interpretation across northern China has revealed obvious discrepancies. It is therefore important to investigate the controlling factors of n-alkane proxies before using them for paleoclimate reconstruction. In this study, we collected fresh plant leaves, basin surface soils, lake surface sediments, and a short sediment core (DH20B) in the Daihai Lake basin to analyze the paleoclimate implications of n-alkanes. Our results show that long-chain (C27–C35) n-alkanes in Daihai Lake are dominated by allochthonous sources. The average chain length of long-chain n-alkanes (ACL27–35) and total long-chain n-alkane concentration (∑alklong-chain) of DH20B are significantly correlated with regional summer temperature (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and summer precipitation (r = 0.41, p < 0.05) over the past 60 years. These results indicate that ACL27–35 and ∑alklong-chain from Daihai Lake sediments have the potential to reconstruct past summer temperature and summer precipitation, respectively, because higher summer temperature promotes the synthesis of longer-chain n-alkanes to reduce water loss (leading to higher ACL27–35) and increased summer precipitation promotes plant growth (leading to higher ∑alklong-chain). Moreover, we found that human activity significantly affected ∑alklong-chain through cultivation and grazing after 2005. Our findings may have broad significance for paleoclimate reconstruction of other hydrologically closed lakes, highlighting the importance of proxy validation studies.

Xiankun Jin, Liping Xu, Yu Xin et al.

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are both the economic and political bases of the Chinese Communist Party (the Party) and the Chinese state. The overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise system. This principle creates a political governance system in China’s SOEs—a Party-dominated governance system characterized by Party leadership, state ownership, Party cadre management, Party participation in corporate decision-making, and intra-Party supervision. This survey explains the logic of political governance in China’s SOEs, presents the evolution and current practices of each element of the system, and discusses findings from both academic research and the field.

Frans Burman

THOMAS McKEOWN, The modern rise ofpopulation, London, Edward Arnold, 1976, 8vo, [3 11.], pp. 168, illus., £7.95. One of the major problems in historical demography, and yet the most difficult of solution, is to explain why the population of West Europe has risen in the last three centuries. Professor McKeown's solution is well known and he presents it here again, in greater detail and with more data. He argues that advances in therapy could not have been responsible, because certain diseases, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, were on the decline long before the introduction of modern therapeutic agents and procedures. Nor can increasing fertility be indicted. McKeown's claim is that a steadily improving state of nutrition, with a resultant increasing resistance to disease, is the factor. The problem is, however, of great complexity because even though more food was available, there were also more people to eat it. Moreover, as Professor McKeown admits, we do not know if greater availability meant that individuals were actually better fed. He suggests that a declining birth rate, better and extended agricultural methods and improved environmental conditions all help to support his theory. His book is provocative and will be attacked by economic and social historians and by demographers. They will complain that he has been too rigid in his concepts and overlooked additional responsible factors for population increases. Some may argue that he has dismissed certain medical procedures, such as inoculation, too readily, and others may not agree that pre-nineteenth-century vital statistics are altogether inadequate as is usually claimed. Nevertheless this is a thought-provoking book, and the first of its kind to attempt a comprehensive explanation for a phenomenon which is of importance to each one of us today.

Naomi Simhony

This article examines three exceptional synagogues designed in Israel in the 1960s and 1970s. It aims to explore the tension between these iconic structures and the artworks integrated into them. The investigation of each case study is comprised of a survey of the architecture and interior design, and of ceremonial objects and Jewish art pieces. Against the backdrop of contemporary international trends, the article distinguishes between adopted styles and genuine (i.e., originally conceived) design processes. The case studies reveal a shared tendency to abstract religious symbolism while formulating a new Jewish-national visual canon.

Alyson F Brokaw, Michael Smotherman

Many animals display morphological adaptations of the nose that improve their ability to detect and track odors. Bilateral odor sampling improves an animals' ability to navigate using olfaction and increased separation of the nostrils facilitates olfactory source localization. Many bats use odors to find food and mates and bats display an elaborate diversity of facial features. Prior studies have quantified how variations in facial features correlate with echolocation and feeding ecology, but surprisingly none have asked whether bat noses might be adapted for olfactory tracking in flight. We predicted that bat species that rely upon odor cues while foraging would have greater nostril separation in support of olfactory tropotaxis. Using museum specimens, we measured the external nose and cranial morphology of 40 New World bat species. Diet had a significant effect on external nose morphology, but contrary to our predictions, insectivorous bats had the largest relative separation of nostrils, while nectar feeding species had the narrowest nostril widths. Furthermore, nasal echolocating bats had significantly narrower nostrils than oral emitting bats, reflecting a potential trade-off between sonar pulse emission and stereo-olfaction in those species. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the evolutionary interactions between olfaction and echolocation in shaping the external morphology of a facial feature using modern phylogenetic comparative methods. Future work pairing olfactory morphology with tracking behavior will provide more insight into how animals such as bats integrate olfactory information while foraging.

Bahaudin G. Mujtaba, Frank J. Cavico

While most employers, managers, and employees have heard and read much about the #MeToo movement, little academic attention has been devoted to ethical analysis of office romance and sexual favoritism polices in the modern workplace. Everyone is likely to agree that romantic relationships will continue in the workplace regardless of organizational policies; nevertheless appropriate, policies should be in place to protect against any adverse legal consequences stemming from romantic relationships in the workplace; and these policies also should be promulgated and enforced in such a manner that all workplace policies and actions can be considered moral and ethical. Accordingly, in this article, we provide a thorough ethical analysis of office romance and sexual favoritism in the sensitive era of the #MeToo movement as well as the “canceled culture” era. We offer specific recommendations to management and human resources professionals on how to provide a safe and healthy work environment for all employees, how to avoid liability for sexual harassment cases as they relate to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, as well as how to ensure that the workplace is fair and just for all. We conclude that every company’s management and human resources departments should take full responsibility for ensuring that business decisions, especially those affecting the employees, are aligned with legal, moral, and, of course, ethical norms. First and foremost, appropriate policies, programs, procedures, and training are necessary to combat sexual discrimination and harassment and thus to ensure a fair, just, and functional workplace. We believe that prevention is the best means of proactively eliminating sexual harassment in the workplace. Each firm should include a clear and strong policy statement against sexual harassment and discrimination in their code of conduct expectations. The policy should have direct statement of the intolerance and prohibition of any form of sexual harassment and illegal discrimination. Each firms should also have an effective policy distribution, communication to employees and enforcement plan. Finally, retaliation must be avoided. As such, there should be assurances that complaining employees will be protected from harassment or retaliation.

P. Mellars