Hasil untuk "Mental healing"

Kalia Nikolaou, Alexandros Lordos, Eugene Rutembesa et al.

The genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda led to the death of over one million Tutsi (Republic of Rwanda, 2007). This caused a severe mental health burden that still reverberates to this day. While significant efforts have been made to promote healing at the individual and community levels, through individual clinical interventions and community-based sociotherapy, the family level has received less attention. Recent evidence of intergenerational transmission of trauma, from direct survivors and perpetrators of the genocide to their offspring, suggests a need to complement existing interventions with family-based approaches (Berckmoes et al., 2017). Against this backdrop, multifamily healing spaces (MFHSs) were developed as a contextually customised intervention to strengthen family resilience, improve dyadic relations between spouses, enhance parenting practices, reduce intergenerational enmeshment, and foster tolerance and trust among families with members with different historical backgrounds. This study aims to describe the process of developing MFHS and provide a detailed description of the principles, phases, and processes of change of the intervention. This multi-format intervention encompasses sessions involving a whole intergenerational group comprising at least four families, along with separate sessions for individual families, parents only, and youth only. By promoting multi-systemic resilience at the individual, family, and community level, MFHS offers a promising pathway for healing, reconciliation, and sustainable peacebuilding in post-conflict societies.

Ye Hwan Lee, Min Young Seo

A 56-year-old man presented to the emergency room with a sudden onset of drowsiness that began 2 hours before his arrival. Brain computed tomography revealed massive pneumocephalus. The patient was diagnosed with cerebrospinal fluid leakage accompanied by septal perforation. A planned skull base repair was performed using multilayer reconstruction via a trans-septal approach. Following surgery, the patient’s mental state recovered, and the skull base defect was successfully reconstructed. The patient disclosed that he had undergone faith healing sessions at a religious facility, where a metal rod-like instrument was repeatedly inserted into his nose.

Mia Harada‐Laszlo, Anahita Talwar, Oliver J. Robinson et al.

Abstract Catastrophizing is a transdiagnostic construct that has been suggested to precipitate and maintain a multiplicity of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive‐compulsive disorder. However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms that result in catastrophizing are unknown. Relating reinforcement learning model parameters to catastrophizing may allow us to further understand the process of catastrophizing. Using a modified four‐armed bandit task, we aimed to investigate the relationship between reinforcement learning parameters and self‐report catastrophizing questionnaire scores to gain a mechanistic understanding of how catastrophizing may alter learning. We recruited 211 participants to complete a computerized four‐armed bandit task and tested the fit of six reinforcement learning models on our data, including two novel models which both incorporated a scaling factor related to a history of negative outcomes variable. We investigated the relationship between self‐report catastrophizing scores and free parameters from the overall best‐fitting model, along with the best‐fitting model to include history, using Pearson's correlations. Subsequently, we reassessed these relationships using multiple regression analyses to evaluate whether any observed relationships were altered when relevant IQ and mental health covariates were applied. Model‐agnostic analyses indicated there were effects of outcome history on reaction time and accuracy, and that the effects on accuracy related to catastrophizing. The overall model of best fit was the Standard Rescorla–Wagner Model and the best‐fitting model to include history was a model in which learning rate was scaled by history of negative outcome. We found no effect of catastrophizing on the scaling by history of negative outcome parameter (r = 0.003, p = 0.679), the learning rate parameter (r = 0.026, p = 0.703), or the inverse temperature parameter (r = 0.086, p = 0.220). We were unable to relate catastrophizing to any of the reinforcement learning parameters we investigated. This implies that catastrophizing is not straightforwardly linked to any changes to learning after a series of negative outcomes are received. Future research could incorporate further exploration of the space of models which include a history parameter.

Haruaki Naito, Katsuya Nitta, Misooja Lee et al.

Background The existence of social withdrawal (Hikikomori), which meets the conditions “not attending school”, “not working”, and “isolated at home for more than 6 months”, is gradually being discovered by the world, and their mental health and healing is being highlighted. However, there are very few Hikikomori-related surveys searching their physical health, as it is generally believed that most Hikikomori are adolescents. Middle-aged Hikikomori are also found outside Japan, and their physical health is more important, because Hikikomori have difficulty managing their health due to the socially isolated circumstances and lack of sociability. Although “isolated at home for more than 6 months” could not be used, we extracted a group with low social independence with reference to Hikikomori-related surveys. We estimate that people with low social independence have similar characteristics and problems to Hikikomori, because they share many causes for the problem of difficulty in managing their own health. People with low social independence were identified, and their physical health, such as smoking and drinking status, consultation rates of various diseases, and how often they attend cancer screenings, was analyzed. Methods We extracted middle-aged people with low social independence and a control group from the national survey in Japan and stratified them by sex and age. Their health risks were assessed by univariate analysis. Criteria for the experimental group were set with reference to Hikikomori-related surveys. Criteria for the control group included “aged 40–69”, “living with parents”, “not receiving care for disabilities”, and ”working”. Results Low-social-independent men had higher consultation rates for diabetes, stroke or cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction or angina, gastric and duodenum diseases, kidney disease, anemia, and depression, while lower consultation rates for dyslipidemia and hypertension. The tendency of non-smoking and non-drinking was found among them. They seldom attended cancer screenings. Low-social-independent women had higher consultation rates for liver and gallbladder diseases, other digestive diseases, kidney diseases, anemia, osteoporosis, and depression. The tendency of non-drinking was the same as men. More heavy smokers were found among those aged 40–49 years, with no significant differences in other age groups. They seldom attended cancer screenings, as well as men. Conclusions In terms of current physical health, low-social-independent men have more fatal diseases. Both sexes with low social independence seldom attend cancer screenings and have an increased risk of developing progressive cancer in the future. At least in terms of non-smoking and non-drinking, they live healthier lives than the control group, and what makes low-social-independent men have various fatal diseases is still unclear.

Robert Kumsta, Robert Kumsta, Johannes C. S. Zang et al.

PTSD is a prevalent mental disorder that results from exposure to extreme and stressful life events and comes at high costs for both the individual and society. Therapeutic treatment presents the best way to deal with PTSD-the mechanisms underlying change after treatment, however, remain poorly understood. While stress and immune associated gene expression changes have been associated with PTSD development, studies investigating treatment effects at the molecular level so far tended to focus on DNA methylation. Here we use gene-network analysis on whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq data isolated from CD14+ monocytes of female PTSD patients (N = 51) to study pre-treatment signatures of therapy response and therapy-related changes at the level of gene expression. Patients who exhibited significant symptom improvement after therapy showed higher baseline expression in two modules involved in inflammatory processes (including notable examples IL1R2 and FKBP5) and blood coagulation. After therapy, expression of an inflammatory module was increased, and expression of a wound healing module was decreased. This supports findings reporting an association between PTSD and dysregulations of the inflammatory and the hemostatic system and mark both as potentially treatment sensitive.

Annamária Juhász

Rend a lelke mindennek. Régi mondás ez. De vajon értjük a mai modern korban ennek a mondatnak a valódi tartalmát? A tanulmány bemutat egy olyan ősi tradíciókon alapuló módszert, a Yumeiho masszázst, amely arra hivatott, hogy az emberi testet rendbe tegye a modern életmódunkból fakadó torzulások után. Egy olyan interjút is közlünk, amiből megtudhatjuk, hogy a mai Angliában a Yumeiho masszázs hogyan segítette egy család gyermekvállalását.

Murat Yıldırım, Gökmen Arslan, Zane Asher Green et al.

The Meaning in Life Measure (MILM) is a new measure for assessing meaning in life by addressing problems associated with existing measures of meaning in life (absence of items related to reflectivity, felt sense, and mattering). For the first time, this study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the MILM for university students in Turkey. We used a sample of 376 university students (Mage=24.03±4.65 years) who participated in an online survey including the MILM, the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21. To study the factor structure of the MILM, we firstly employed a dual approach including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, which provided support for the goodness of a two-factor model (experience and reflectivity). We secondly tested the convergent and predictive validity of the measure by respectively applying correlation and regression analyses. Our findings supported the convergent validity of the MILM, showing correlations with hope, anxiety, and depression. The predictive validity was also confirmed; the experience subscale of MILM uniquely predicted hope, anxiety, and depression after controlling for covariates (age and gender). Thirdly, our findings showed that the MILM and its subscales had high internal consistency reliability. The Turkish version of the MILM is provided to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing meaning in life for university students in Turkey.

Ibnu Sutoko, Latipun Latipun

Background: The alcoholic drink level of consumption is still high, particularly among adolescents and adults. Continuous consumption of alcoholic drinks can lead to addiction, making it difficult to cope with; however, some individuals with such a situation are could cease the habit. This study aims to explore the process of individuals breaking away from alcohol dependence. Methods: The research approach used qualitative with a phenomenological design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth data from eight subjects selected according to purposive sampling criteria. The data was analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological method. Results: The study results found four main themes for quitting alcoholic beverages: the influence of the experience of becoming an addict, a strong internal desire to quit, being threatened by biological impacts, internal and external driving factors to quit. Conclusion: Based on the findings, individuals who want to quit addiction must have a strong desire, consider the biological impact on health and have internal and external driving factors.

Wen-Jing Kou, Xiao-Qin Wang, Yang Li et al.

Background:: To conduct the bibliometric and visualized analysis of published studies on posttraumatic growth (PTG) based on CiteSpace software and Web of Science, to clarify the research base and research topics in this field, to identify research hotspots and trends in this field. Methods:: A total of 2596 PTG-related references were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. The WoS-based literature analysis was used to realize the general information of PTG research. The CiteSpace 5.3.R3 was used to perform the key words co-words and burst detection analysis, reference co-citation analysis and cooperation network analysis. Results:: Present study suggested that more and more researchers started to pay attention to PTG, especially cancer survivors. Research topics in PTG-related field mainly focused on the influencing factors of PTG, coping and intervention measures, and the research objects. Analysis of keywords identified “oncology”, “stage breast cancer”, “perceived benefit” and “adjustment” as terms that may represent emerging trends of research in PTG-related field. Research collaboration is not yet extensive enough between authors, research institutions and countries. Limitations:: Publications with the non-English language were not included. Conclusions:: Bibliometric analysis and visualized analysis of posttraumatic growth could identify new directions for future research and provide innovative insights and references for investigators, which would greatly enhance understandings for PTG and carry out more in-depth researches.

Arianne C Reis, Komla Lokpo, Matthew Bojanic et al.

This study provides an exploration of the meanings of leisure for humanitarian migrants in regional Australia and these meanings' implications for health. It uses mixed-methods to explore leisure-time physical activity participation and day-to-day experiences of leisure and health. A sample representing approximately one third of the Coffs Coast adult humanitarian migrant population completed the survey, as well as 32 individuals who participated in interviews and focus groups. Findings were organised into three themes and explored issues around mental health and time for leisure, cultural differences in experiencing leisure, and the connections with experiences of other disadvantaged groups. We conclude by arguing that leisure needs to be brought to the fore of discussions around service provision and policy making concerned with the wellbeing of the refugee migrant population, particularly focusing on support for the (re)development of a vocabulary for recreation, as a step forward in the journey to healing and belonging.

Siomara Tavares Fernandes Yamaguti, Amanda Roca Blasques de Mendonça, Daniela Coelho et al.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a frequência de profissionais de enfermagem de unidades hospitalares com alteração no padrão diurno de secreção de cortisol. Método Foram incluídos 56 profissionais de enfermagem randomicamente selecionados, alocados nas unidades ambulatório, clínica médica, clínica cirúrgica, centro cirúrgico, pronto socorro infantil e adulto, unidade de terapia intensiva adulto e pediátrica de um hospital universitário. Para avaliação do padrão diurno de secreção de cortisol foram coletadas amostras de saliva em dois dias úteis consecutivos de trabalho. Resultados 42,5% dos profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram padrão atípico de secreção de cortisol. Além disso, quanto maior o tempo de trabalho na profissão, maior a concentração de cortisol (r=0,346; p=0,020). Conclusão Mais de um terço da amostra de profissionais de enfermagem apresentou padrões atípicos de secreção de cortisol, sugerindo que estes profissionais podem estar expostos a uma sobrecarga não apenas mental, mas biológica, estando expostos ao risco para o adoecimento por doenças relacionadas ao estresse.

L. K. Surej Kumar, Nikhil Mathew Kurien, Varun B. Raghavan et al.

Lipomas are rare in oral and maxillofacial regions although they are the most common tumours of mesenchymal origin in human body. The etiology remains unclear. Various different theories explain the pathogenesis of this adipose tissue tumour and also different histological variants of oral lipoma have been given in literature. A case of intraoral lipoma occurring in mental region in a 77-year-old male is reported along with review of the literature. Wide surgical excision was performed and two-year followup showed excellent healing without any recurrence. Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasm of mature adipose tissue seen as a common entity in the head and neck region. Intraoral lipomas are a rare entity which may be noticed only during routine dental examinations. Most of them rarely cause pain, resulting in delay to seek treatment. It is mandatory for a clinician to diagnose intraoral lipomas using latest diagnostic methods and conservatively treat them without causing much discomfort.

Cassia Baldini Soares, Celia Maria Sivalli Campos, Tatiana Yonekura

O objeto deste estudo é a incorporação em revisões sistemáticas de resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas na vertente marxista de produção do conhecimento, como evidências em saúde. Os objetivos são: rever os pressupostos do materialismo histórico e dialético (MHD) e discutir as implicações da dialética para a revisão da literatura e síntese de evidências. O MHD constitui um referencial potente para geração de conhecimento e transformação das políticas e práticas em saúde, a partir da explicação de que as contradições sociais estão na base do processo saúde-doença, construção teórica fundamental no campo da saúde coletiva. Atualmente observa-se considerável influência do paradigma crítico, de origem marxista, na construção do conhecimento em saúde. Pesquisas no paradigma crítico apresentam métodos complexos de apreensão do objeto, inerentes às diretrizes da dialética, oferecendo resultados que constituem evidências em saúde. Revisões sistemáticas devem enfrentar a dificuldade metodológica de integrar esses resultados plenamente ao cuidado em saúde.

Leilane Andrade Gonçalves, Rafaela Andolhe, Elaine Machado de Oliveira et al.

A segurança do paciente representa um desafio para a excelência da qualidade no setor saúde. Este estudo objetivou: verificar a adequação entre a alocação da equipe de enfermagem e as horas de cuidado requeridas pelos pacientes, bem como identificar a relação entre essa alocação com eventos adversos/incidentes (EA/I). Trata-se de pesquisa observacional, descritiva e prospectiva, desenvolvida nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Clínicas do 4º andar e 6º andar de um Hospital Universitário, do município de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 01/11/07 a 10/12/07, com 46 pacientes. Nas UTIs 4º andar e 6º andar, respectivamente, 43,3% e 10,3% das alocações foram inadequadas (p = 0,000). Houve diferença na frequência de EA/I nas alocações adequadas e inadequadas da equipe de enfermagem da UTI 4º andar e UTI 6º andar, p = 0,0004 e p = 0,000, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que, quanto maior a diferença entre as horas disponíveis e requeridas de cuidado nas alocações de enfermagem, menor a frequência de EA/I.

Elisa Roesler e Silva, Allana Resende Pimentel Sousa, Luzitano Brandão Ferreira et al.

Este estudo teve como objetivo a verificação de depressão entre idosos institucionalizados. Empregou-se o método transversal utilizando-se a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage em cinco instituições de longa permanência do Distrito Federal para verificar sintomas de depressão. Foram estudados ao todo 299 indivíduos. Destes, 181 não atenderam os critérios de inclusão e 16 se recusaram a participar do estudo. Dos 102 idosos com condições de participar do estudo, 49,0% apresentavam depressão. Destes, 36,3% com depressão leve a moderada e 12,7% com depressão severa. Verificou-se associações entre sintomas de depressão e aumento da idade, sexo feminino, limitação/dependência e insatisfação com a instituição. Houve ainda associação significativa entre depressão e insônia, taquicardia, parestesia, tontura e suor excessivo. A depressão é altamente prevalente entre idosos institucionalizados, é mais comum entre as mulheres, e relaciona-se a uma série de sinais e sintomas que podem auxiliar em um diagnóstico precoce, subsidiando uma assistência de enfermagem mais efetiva.

Fernando Sérgio Pereira de Sousa, Cezar Augusto Ferreira da Silva, Eliany Nazaré Oliveira

O Serviço de Emergência Psiquiátrica em Hospital Geral (SEPHG) é uma proposta articulada com o movimento da reforma psiquiátrica. Objetivou-se caracterizar os clientes com sofrimento psíquico assistidos no SEPHG Dr. Estevam, em Sobral-CE. Este é um estudo do tipo documental, com abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo 191 clientes atendidos no SEPHG no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um livro de registro, cujas informações nele contidas foram retiradas dos prontuários dos clientes. Observou-se predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino (70,15%), com idade entre 30-49 anos (48,71%) e solteiros (74,86%). A maioria era proveniente da cidade de Sobral (69,64 %). Em 42,40% dos casos, o diagnóstico foi transtorno do uso de álcool. Grande parte da clientela (66,50%) deu entrada no serviço por demanda espontânea. Após avaliação do SEPHG, 43,45% desses clientes foram encaminhados ao CAPS-ad. Pelos resultados, depreende-se o quão imprescindíveis são os serviços de saúde mental.<br>El Servicio de Emergencia Psiquiátrica en Hospital General (SEPHG) es una propuesta vinculada al movimiento de la reforma psiquiátrica. Se objetivó caracterizar a los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos atendidos en el SEPHG Dr. Estevam, en Sobral-Ceará-Brasil. Estudio de tipo documental con abordaje cualitativa, involucrando 191 pacientes atendidos en el SEPHG entre enero y diciembre de 2007. Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de un libro de registro, cuyas informaciones fueron extraídas de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Se observó prevalencia de pacientes de sexo masculino (70,15%), con edad entre 30-49 años (48,71%) y solteros (74,86%). La mayoría provenía de la ciudad de Sobral (69,64%). En el 42,40% de los casos, el diagnóstico fue trastorno provocado por abuso de alcohol. Una gran cantidad de pacientes (66,50%) se presentó en el servicio en forma espontánea. Con posterioridad a la evaluación del SEPHG, 43,45% de tales pacientes fueron derivados al CAPS-ad. Se desprende de los resultados cuán imprescindibles son los servicios de salud mental.<br>The Emergency Psychiatric Service in General Hospitals (SEPHG, acronym in Portuguese) is a service included in the psychiatric reform movement. The purpose of the present study was to characterize patients with psychological distress treated at the Dr. Estevam SEPHG, located in Sobral, Ceará state. This exploratory study was performed using documental analyses with a quantitative approach, and involved 191 clients treated at the referred SEPHG from January to December 2007. Data collection was performed using a client register book, which contained information obtained from the patients' medical record. There was a predominance of male patients (70.15%), aged 30-49 years (48.71%) and single (74.86%). Most patients were from the city of Sobral (69.64%). In 42.40% of cases, the diagnosis was of alcohol use/abuse. Most clients (66.50%) sought the service voluntarily. After being evaluated at the SEPHG, 43.45% of patients were referred to the local Center for Psychosocial Care -Alcohol and other Drugs. The results emphasize the importance of mental health.

Thelma Spindola, Rosângela da Silva Santos

Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, cuja autora relata a sua experiência na realização da tese de Doutorado pelo método de História de Vida. Descreve a abordagem metodológica, explicitando a técnica para a coleta e a análise dos relatos bem como as eventuais dificuldades que possam surgir durante a realização da pesquisa. Argumenta que esse método possibilita a aproximação entre o pesquisador e os sujeitos. Destaca a necessidade de se incluir a dimensão subjetiva do cuidado na prestação de assistência à clientela.<br>Se trata de un estudio de una naturaleza cualitativa, cuya autora relata su experiéncia en la realización de la teses de Doctorado por el método de historia de vida. Describe un tratamiento metodológico, explicando la técnica para la colecta y el análisis de los relatos bien como las eventuales dificultades que pueden surgir durante la realización de la investigación. Concluye que el método posibilita una aproximación entre el investigador y los sujetos. Destaca la necesidad de incluyir la dimensión subjetiva del cuidado en la prestación de asisténcia a la clientela.<br>In this study, characterized as a qualitative one, whose author tells about her experience when accomplishing her Doctorate thesis for the History of life method. She describes the methodological approach, turning explicit the collection and the report analysis technique as well as the incidental difficulties that may turn up during the research completion. She concludes that this method turns the approach among the researcher and the individuals feasible. It points out the need to include the subjective dimension of the care in the assistance rendered to the clientele.

Márcia Wanderley de Moraes, Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme Gallani, Paolo Meneghin

Foram objetivos do estudo identificar conhecimento, crenças comportamentais e normativas de estudantes de nível médio sobre transplante e doação de órgãos, à luz da Teoria da Ação Racional (TRA), em duas escolas da rede pública do município de São Paulo. A amostra foi constituída por 94 alunos que responderam um questionário baseado nos pressupostos da TRA e as respostas foram submetidas à análise estatística. O resultado mostra baixo conhecimento sobre doação de órgãos, pois 45,8% desconhecem o conceito de morte encefálica; 37,2% não sabem quando a morte ocorre e 70,3% não sabem quando uma pessoa se torna potencial doador. Foram evidenciadas dez crenças positivas relativas ao comportamento de ser doador de órgãos. Salientaram-se, também, sete crenças negativas sobre doação de órgãos. Foram evidenciadas oito crenças positivas e cinco crenças negativas relativas à doação de órgãos. Conclui-se ser necessário desenvolver estudos e implementar programas educativos de esclarecimento sobre o tema.<br>Los objetivos del estudio fueron identificar el conocimiento, creencias de comportamiento y normativas de estudiantes de nivel medio respecto al transplante y donación de órganos, a la luz de la Teoría de la Acción Racional (TRA), en dos escuelas de la red pública del municipio de Sao Paulo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 94 alumnos que respondieron un cuestionario basado en las premisas de la TRA y las respuestas fueron sometidas al análisis estadístico. El resultado muestra bajo conocimiento sobre donación de órganos, pues el 45,8% desconoce el concepto de muerte encefálica; el 37,2% no sabe cuándo ocurre la muerte y el 70,3% no sabe cuándo una persona se torna en potencial donador. Fueron evidenciadas diez creencias positivas relativas al comportamiento de ser donador de órganos. Resaltaron, también, siete creencias negativas sobre donación de órganos. Se evidenciaron ocho creencias positivas y cinco creencias negativas relativas a la donación de órganos. Se concluye que es necesario desarrollar estudios e implementar programas educativos para aclarar a las personas sobre el tema.<br>This study was aimed at investigating knowledge, behavior and normative beliefs of students concerning transplant and organs donations, based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), in two public schools of the city of São Paulo. The sample was comprised of 94 students who answered a questionnaire, whose answers were submitted to statistical analysis. The results showed that the group had little knowledge about organ donation because 45.8% were not familiar with the concept of encephalic death, 37.2% do not know when death occurs and 70.3% do not know when a person becomes a potential organ donor. Eight positive and five negative beliefs about organ donations were detected. The conclusion is that it is necessary to develop studies and to implement education programs to clarify the population about this topic.

Janaína Anchieta Costa, Fernanda Maria Togeiro Fugulin

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a carga de trabalho em Centro de Material e Esterilização como parâmetro para o método de dimensionamento dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método Estudo de natureza quantitativa, observacional, realizado em quatro instituições hospitalares da cidade de São Paulo, em três etapas: mapeamento das atividades em posições de trabalho; determinação do tempo padrão de processamento dos materiais e estabelecimento da carga média diária de trabalho. Resultados Foram obtidas 1315 amostras de tempo nas 15 posições de trabalho mapeadas. Os valores de tempo não apresentaram diferenças significativas, possibilitando determinar o tempo padrão de processamento dos materiais. As cargas médias diárias de trabalho corresponderam à: 217,4; 294,0; 123,1 e 189,1 horas. Conclusão Além de propor um método para determinar a carga de trabalho, a presente investigação indica parâmetros para o processamento de materiais e constitui importante referencial para elaborar propostas consistentes para o planejamento, alocação e distribuição de profissionais de enfermagem nessas unidades.

Elucir Gir, Renata Ferreira Takahashi, Maria Amélia Campos de Oliveira et al.

Visando identificar os condicionantes da adesão do trabalhador de enfermagem às precauções/isolamento na assistência, realizou-se este estudo do tipo descritivo tendo como população alvo enfermeiros representantes de hospitais de médio e grande portes da cidade de São Paulo. Das 79 instituições que se enquadravam nos critérios determinados, 15 (18,98%) constituíram a amostra. Em reunião coletiva, utilizou-se a técnica de grupo focal para a coleta dos dados sendo as discussões gravadas em fita cassete, mediante consentimento dos participantes e, posteriormente, transcritas. Organizaram-se os dados segundo Bardin (1977), extraíram-se os núcleos temáticos e definiram-se duas categorias de análise empíricas, denominadas condicionantes institucionais e individuais.<br>Teniendo como objetivo identificar los factores que condicionan la adhesión del trabajador de enfermería a las medidas de precaución/aislamiento en la atención de enfermería, se realizó este estudio descriptivo que tuvo como blanco a enfermeros representantes de hospitales de mediano y gran tamaño de la ciudad de São Paulo. De las 79 instituciones que se encuadraban en los criterios determinados, 15 de ellas (el 18,98%) constituyeron la muestra. En una reunión colectiva, se recopilaron los datos utilizándose la técnica del grupo focal, las discusiones fueron grabadas en una cinta casset, con el consentimento de los participantes y, posteriormente fueron transcriptas. Los datos se organizaron según Bardin (1977) y se extrajeron los núcleos temáticos definiéndose dos categorías de análisis empíricos, denominadas condicionantes institucionales e individuales.<br>Aiming to identify the conditioning factors of nursing workers' adherence to precaution/isolation in caregiving, this descriptive study was conducted with the target population consisted of nurses representing medium-sized and large hospitals in the city of Sao Paulo. Of the 79 institutions that met the established criteria, 15 (18.98%) comprised the sample of the study. In a collective meeting, the focal group technique was used for data collection. After obtaining t he participants' consent, discussions were recorded on cassette tapes and then transcribed. Data was organized as proposed by Bardin (1977), thematic units were extracted and two empirical analysis categories were defined, which were termed institutional and individual conditioners.