Hasil untuk "Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics"

Gisela Pinheiro, Teresa Franqueira

The role of design in corporate strategy is increasingly recognized as a catalyst for innovation, competitive differentiation, and organizational growth. This study explores the integration of design leadership, design thinking, and academic-industry collaboration as strategic enablers for business per- formance. Conducted within the Project in Product Design II (PDP II) at the Universidade de Aveiro, in partnership with Revigrés, a Portuguese ceramic tile manufacturer, the initiative served as a prototype for examining the role of the Chief Design Officer (CDO) in managing design processes and aligning them with business objectives. This study contributes to the discourse on design leadership by demonstrating how companies can embed design methodologies within corporate structures. Future research should examine the long-term impact of design governance, internal advocacy, and academic-industry partnerships in scaling design-led innovation within business environments.

Eva Vanessa Bruno, Beatrice Lerma, Doriana Dal Palù et al.

The need to restore the former industrial factories so as not to leave the buildings and the neighborhood in a state of neglect has attracted scholarly and popular attention. The following contribution aims to highlight how designers can contribute to the repurposing of buildings by paying attention to the end user and planning new experiences and activities by reading case studies of industrial conversion of production sites into cultural hubs. The company’s history, intrinsically linked to the territory, and its products, are the protagonists of the reconversion so as not to forget the past local productive culture demonstrating how it is possible to generate new and different economies from before. The case studies tell the story of the industrial conversion of companies and mines in urban and decentralized areas to get a representative look at the Italian and European territories.

Manasi Vaidya, Chaiwoo Lee, Lisa D’Ambrosio et al.

The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into areas like financial planning has spurred interest in how various demographic groups, notably older adults, perceive and adopt this technology. This paper aims to identify personas and explore how factors like age, gender, and knowledge impact AI acceptance. The data shows varying levels of willingness to adopt AI in finance across demographics. Younger, more educated individuals demonstrate greater trust and usage of AI-enabled financial tools, raising concerns about inclusivity and potential barriers for older or less educated individuals. The paper will delve into these disparities, exploring the underlying reasons for resistance, such as perceived risks or lack of education about AI. To ensure equitable distribution of AI’s benefits, we recommend enhancing AI literacy and designing more inclusive AI, as this approach paves the way for a society in which AI empowers all ages with its potential.

Tamara Tomašegović, Sanja Mahović Poljaček, Tomislav Hudika et al.

Surface interactions of the materials during and after the printing process are extremely important for understanding and optimizing the process of graphic reproduction. In screen printing on porous and absorbent substrates, mesh type and ink composition significantly influence the properties of the printed product. To protect the absorbent printing substrates such as board from moisture penetration and to ensure the optimal interaction of the printed ink layer and the substrate, board substrates can be coated with protective primers before printing. In this research, biodegradable primers made of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) and poly(lactic acid) were applied on the board substrate which was then screen-printed using two screen rulings of the mesh and two different types of water-based printing inks on unprimed and primed board substrates. Printed ink layer thickness, surface roughness, water vapor transmission rate, surface free energy and adhesion parameters were measured/calculated on all produced samples. Microscopy of the printed elements was performed to visualize the influence of the primers on the printed line edge. Results of the research have shown that the primers influence the roughness reduction of the printed ink layer. Furthermore, thickness of the printed ink layers increased when the primers were applied on the substrate, pointing to the decreased permeability of the board, which was confirmed by the reduced water vapor transmission rate of the primed and printed substrates. The surface free energies of the tested surfaces and the adhesion parameters between biodegradable primers and prepared printing inks differed depending on the type of the ink and primer, pointing to the optimal combination of the primer and ink for the favorable acceptance of printing ink on the substrate. Results of this research have enabled the optimization of the quality of screen-printed board product.

Yuqing Zhu, Yunyu Ouyang

This research paper gives an overview of students’ experience in a virtual learning context during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. By categorising students’ perceptions based on a geographic-based social context, the research analyses a general tendency of their learning experience at three different levels — family and community-based level (small-sized), region-based level (medium-sized), and international level (grand-sized). The investigation uses a hybrid research method including direct observation, interviews, and design thinking strategies — including empathising, redefining and prototyping. The author has also been referring to two directions that may enhance the future learning environment design for students’ better experience. 1. To leverage the power of existing memory. 2. To research people’s micro habits and the hidden psychological factor behind them.

Asja Aulisio, Silvia Barbero, Amina Pereno

Sustainable territorial development is one of the crucial elements of most governmental strategies and action plans at the international level, which have to adapt to the local context in which they are implemented. In its different scales of application, the discipline of Design is increasingly called upon, permeating skills and tools within policy and governmental contexts that contribute to the definition of strategies to address complex problems. This paper presents a systematic literature review to map the specific declinations of the design field, with a closer look at the disciplinary areas close to Systemic Design methodologies, which are most involved in this field of research. The emerging tools and methods aim to support decision-makers or stakeholders in a necessary social, economic, and environmental transition process.

Vyacheslav Repeta, Тetiana Kukura, Volodymyr Havrylyshyn et al.

The presented article shows the results of the analysis of the factors influence on the flexographic printing process with solvent based inks. The main factors influencing the printing process quality are identified, a semantic network of influence and dependencies of these factors is constructed. The priority of factors, taking into account their influences and dependencies, is established by the ranking method. Using the Pareto rule and the construction of the corresponding diagram, four main factors are identified, the influence of which provides 70 % of the studied process quality. It is established that the most priority factors are the parameters of the printing plate, the rheological parameters of the ink, the lineature of the anilox roller and the surface properties of the material to be printed, with the following calculated values: 150, 120, 105 and 90 units, respectively. The selected factors are used to analyse their impact on the flexographic printing process by means of fuzzy logic. Accordingly, a universal set, corresponding terms and a fuzzy knowledge base with the condition "If-Then" are established for these factors in the form of linguistic variables. The formed knowledge base is tested with the help of the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package of the Matlab technological computing environment and the corresponding prognostic models of the influence of the selected factors on the printing process quality are constructed.

Loïc Perot, Nicolas Chamel

Space-based gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, allow for the probing of the interior of white dwarfs in binaries through the imprints of tidal effects on the gravitational wave signal. In this study, we have computed the tidal deformability of white dwarfs in full general relativity, taking into account the crystallization of their core. The elasticity of the core is found to systematically reduce the tidal deformability, especially for low-mass stars. Moreover, it is shown that errors on the tidal deformability due to the use of the Newtonian theory can become important for massive white dwarfs. Finally, the orbital evolution of eccentric binaries is investigated. Measuring the precession rate of these systems could provide estimations of the individual masses. However, it is found that the neglect of crystallization could lead to very large errors.

Paul O’Hara

Can we accurately model the spin state of a quantum particle? If so, we should be able to make identical copies of such a state and also obtain its mirror image. In quantum mechanics, many subatomic particles can form entangled pairs that are mirror images of each other, although the state of an individual particle cannot be duplicated or cloned as experimentally demonstrated by Aspect, Clauser and Zeilinger, the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2022. We show that there is a higher-order symmetry associated with the SL(2,C) group that underlies the singlet state, which means that the singlet pairing preserves Lorentz transformations independently of the metric used. The Pauli exclusion principle can be derived from this symmetry.

Matteo Califano, Ivan de Martino, Daniele Vernieri et al.

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy provides an independent way to estimate cosmological parameters. The detection of GWs from a coalescing binary allows a direct measurement of its luminosity distance, so these sources are referred to as “standard sirens” in analogy to standard candles. We investigate the impact of constraining cosmological models on the Einstein Telescope, a third-generation detector which will detect tens of thousands of binary neutron stars. We focus on non-flat ΛCDM cosmology and some dark energy models that may resolve the so-called Hubble tension. To evaluate the accuracy down to which ET will constrain cosmological parameters, we consider two types of mock datasets depending on whether or not a short gamma-ray burst is detected and associated with the gravitational wave event using the THESEUS satellite. Depending on the mock dataset, different statistical estimators are applied: one assumes that the redshift is known, and another marginalizes it, taking a specific prior distribution.

Giulietta Fara

Caterina Casavola, Lucia Del Core, Vincenzo Moramarco et al.

In this study, the responses of three soft open cell polyurethane foam samples (85, 63 and 46 kg/m³) subjected to four incremental cyclic compression load steps of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% strain are analyzed by digital image correlation. Facing large deformation, the foam behavior is investigated in terms of engineering and true strain curves. Poisson’s ratio is studied by a tangent Poisson function which is able to capture the instantaneous behavior of the foam. Experimental displacement maps, stress–strain, and axial vs. transverse strain curves are compared in terms of numerical results obtained by FEM analysis for ν = 0 and ν ≠ 0.

T. Gnitetska, G. Gnitetska, E. Pustovit

The use of electronic libraries of parameterized images of objects made in the form of dynamic blocks in the practice of design work refers to resource-saving technologies that are actively used in modern production. The article considers an example of creating parameterized simplified images of fasteners using dynamic blocks of the computer-aided design system AutoCAD. Dynamic blocks can be used to create electronic image libraries of technological, design, electrical and other elements. The algorithm considered in the article to create dynamic blocks of simplified images of fasteners is introduced into the educational process at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute named after Igor Sikorsky in the course "Engineering and Computer Graphics" and can be used in design practice. The testing of this algorithm in the training process yielded a positive result. When using parameterized drawings, students understand more deeply the impact of each parameter on the design of the object.

Laura Daglio, Daniele Fanzini, Elena Mussinelli et al.

The renewed interest in the quality of public space is fostered by the need to regenerate parts of the modern city and to improve environmental conditions of urban centres. Major changes due to the recent economic crises, to ICT technologies and to the current pandemic are posing new challenges to the rethinking of the design approach in terms of mobility, health, safety, and communal life. This paper aims at highlighting a renewed attitude to the design of public spaces which reinterprets these issues, also indicating a possible scaling up to other urban contexts. Accordingly, it is presented the experience of a recently completed international research project aimed at transforming a French city centre into an open-air urban market. Done through the pedestrianization of streets and encouraging multimodality and multifunctionality of spaces and services, it simultaneously enhances the ability to interpret the needs of the inhabitants and leverages their sense of community.

F. F. Ramdhani, B. Mulyanti

Additive manufacturing, or better known as 3D printing today is one technology that is rapidly growing in several countries. This technology is increasingly having an important role not only in business and everyday products, but in the world of education. 3D printer technology can be a medium of learning in the world of education in the implementation of the design in 2D and 3D design drawing students majoring in mechanical engineering. Therefore, research is needed to understand the use of new technologies in education. The purpose of this study was to analyze and gather information about the latest technology used by 3D printing. This research method using a literature review journals in the last 5 years. Findings from the literature review indicates the type of the latest technology used in 3D printing in manufacturing system design using computer-aided design (CAD). Overall, this review could be further research in instructional media in vocational education.

Cem Aydemir, Samed Ayhan Özsoy

In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated. Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.

Ramadhona Saville, Katsumori Hatanaka, Denis Pastory Rubanga

In this paper, we present an examination of factors affecting the sweetness degree of fruit tomato by utilizing a low-cost smart agriculture framework. Japanese consumers are willing to pay a sky-high price for particularly high sweetness degree of tomato, known as fruit tomato. Japanese farmers would like to produce sustainable fruit tomato, yet only some of the veteran farmers with tens of years of experience or big industrialized farms can produce it. Small scale farmers still struggle to produce sustainable fruit tomato. Many of them would like to know what factors affecting the sweetness degree of tomato. This study aims to clarify factors affecting the sweetness degree production by using a low-cost smart agriculture framework installed in a fruit tomato farmer in Nara prefecture, a western part of Japan. The data used were automatic data gathered from the sensor network, i.e. temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure as well as CO2; and manually input cultivation records, namely, fertilizers (Ca, NO3), pH, EC (electrical conductivity), harvesting record (yield and sweetness degree) as well as cropping calendar. We gathered data from June 2017 to December 2019. We then conducted a statistical analysis using the R statistical computing language. We found that the most significant factor for a high sweetness degree of fruit tomato is the growing time, that is the longer the growing time, the higher the sweetness degree of fruit tomato. The growing time is likely to be affected by season, as in summer growing time is faster than in wintertime. Consequently, summer is not the best time to grow fruit tomato.