Hasil untuk "Latin America. Spanish America"

Guilherme Basílio

Cada sociedade, em épocas específicas, apresenta formas particulares de construção da identidade sociocultural e políticas decorrentes das interações históricas. Essas formas particulares de construir a identidade são determinadas pelas mudanças socioculturais e geopolíticas. Moçambique atravessou diferentes vivências que representaram três formas de construção da identidade da mulher: colonial, da independência (socialista) e pós-independência (capitalista). Em cada um desses momentos, a mulher foi chamada a participar no processo da construção da moçambicanidade através dos processos da educação, da cultura, da mobilização social, da organização da estrutura familiar e do trabalho. Em cada um desses momentos a mulher lutou pela conquista dos seus direitos e pela emancipação política, económica e cultural. Por esses motivos, a mulher participou e continua participando nos desafios pela preservação das tradições autóctones, crenças religiosas; práticas socioculturais, educação tradicional, combate à pobreza e pelos seus direitos na participação política que foram hostilizados pelo colonialismo. Contudo, a sua participação na mobilização das camadas sociais, na educação das crianças, na vida política e a sua autoafirmação na construção e consolidação da moçambicanidade resultante de coesão interna entre vários grupos étnicos que formam Moçambique não é reconhecida e continua insignificante. Desta forma, o artigo pretende analisar o papel da mulher na construção e consolidação da identidade sociocultural e política e na luta pelos direitos humanos em Moçambique.

Adrián Celentano

El artículo se concentra en el vínculo entre cine y literatura que tramó Bernardo Kordon (1915-2002), un escritor argentino que inscribió su literatura realista en la cultura de izquierdas y alcanzó una notoria consagración. En sus relatos se interesó en la representación de los sectores populares y de la marginalidad urbana. Acompañó su estética de denuncia social con la creación de revistas y editoriales, la traducción de autores brasileños y su condición de organizador de viajes político-culturales a la República Popular China. Retomando la perspectiva de la historia intelectual, estudiamos, en primer lugar, la crítica a la industria cultural de su literatura de los años treinta y cuarenta. En segundo lugar, nos detenemos en la relación que estableció con los agrupamientos intelectuales de la nueva izquierda en los años sesenta y setenta, años en que su literatura logró un importante reconocimiento en el campo editorial y por primera vez fueron transpuestos al cine sus relatos. Cerramos el recorrido con un breve análisis de la revaloración de su obra que se registró en la transición argentina a la democracia.

Louis Andrew Bladgett

Angelo Bertoni

The professional trajectory of Étienne de Groër provides the opportunity to follow the development of town planning theories in the inter-war period which was marked by the gradual affirmation of the regional scale and the strengthening of the combination of the urban plan and regulations. His career also reveals the difficulties and wanderings of the town planning profession, which in the 1930s was facing the still emerging public commission and the competition from other professions. In this context, the close collaboration with a renowned urban planner, Donat-Alfred Agache, and the international mobility played a key role in Étienne de Groër’s professional affirmation. Lisbon and other major Portuguese cities gave him the opportunity to implement and refine his town planning ideas, in which the concept of the garden city figured prominently.

Elena McGrath

In 2019, Bolivian cooperative miners, once staunch allies of MAS and Evo Morales, helped inflame the crisis that toppled the Morales government. This paper explores the roots of the confounded, often explosive relationship between cooperative miners, nationalization, and MAS. Tracing the history of cooperative mining and its relationship to ore theft since the colonial period, this article shows how cooperative mining and salaried miners’ unions emerged as twin responses to the precarity of labor and production in the twentieth century. In the 1950s and 1960s, cooperative workers emerged as a shadow on the nationalized mining economy, competing for space and political influence with salaried workers. After the closure of COMIBOL in the late 1980s, cooperatives absorbed laid-off workers as well as migrants from the countryside and expanded into claims once belonging to state and union workers. When Morales reopened Bolivia’s national mining company in 2006 and sought to increase state participation in the mineral economy, he set the stage for a direct confrontation between the interests of cooperativistas, the vast majority of mineworkers at the time, and the state itself. This underacknowledged conflict of interests between different kinds of mineworkers has haunted MAS, culminating in the crisis of 2019 that drove Morales from power and from Bolivia.                      

A. Cardil, S. de‐Miguel, C. Silva et al.

Adrián Cardil, Sergio de-Miguel, Carlos A Silva, Peter B Reich, David Calkin, Pedro H S Brancalion, Alexander C Vibrans, Javier G P Gamarra, M Zhou, Bryan C Pijanowski, Cang Hui, Thomas W Crowther, Bruno Hérault, Daniel Piotto, Christian Salas-Eljatib, Eben North Broadbent, Angelica M Almeyda Zambrano, Nicolas Picard, Luiz E O C Aragão, Jean-Francois Bastin, Devin Routh, Johan van den Hoogen, Pablo L Peri and Jingjing Liang 1 Joint Research Unit CTFC— AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain 2 Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University de Lleida, Lleida, Spain 3 Technosylva Inc, La Jolla, CA, United States of America 4 School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America 5 Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America 6 Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America 7 Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2753, Australia; 8 USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, United States of America 9 Department of Forest Sciences, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil 10 Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil 11 International Forest Statistics Consultant, Rome, Italy 12 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America 13 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa 14 Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 15 Cirad, UPR For̂ets et Socíet́es, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast 16 For̂ets et Socíet́es, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France 17 Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast 18 Centro de Formação em Cîencias Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil 19 Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile 20 Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile 21 Spatial Ecology and Conservation (SPEC) Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America 22 Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America 23 Center GIP ECOFOR, Paris, France 24 Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758, 12227-010 São Jośe dos Campos, Brazil 25 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom 26 TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Lìege, Lìege, Belgium 27 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 9400 Río Gallegos, Argentina 28 Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-CONICET, 9400 Río Gallegos, Argentina

Obrillant Damus

Rape is a polytraumatic event that affects the victims’ feeling of being a body and the feeling of having a body. It causes psychological, psychological and physical suffering. The raped body is an enslaved body that must be tamed. Many women victims of rape resort to real and symbolic therapies in order to rebuild themselves after the events. These techniques of self-reconstruction allow them to put their bodies back at the centre of their existence, to reaffirm the cleanliness of their body space, to re-appropriate the subject body and to reintegrate themselves into the world. The aim of this article is twofold: 1) to study the consequences of rape on the victims’ bodies as a place where identities are fabricated, and 2) to describe how victims go about creating bodily order out of the existential chaos they experience.

Elías Palti

Uno de los temas centrales en la historia de ideas en América Latina es el de los orígenes ideológicos de las revoluciones de independencia. La cuestión ha dado lugar a largas disputas en cuanto a la filiación de las ideas que permitieron la emergencia del discurso revolucionario. Según se intenta mostrar en este ensayo a partir de una relectura de Tradición política española e ideología revolucionaria de Mayo, de Tulio Halperin Donghi, ese afán por determinar cuáles fueron las ideas precursoras del discurso revolucionario resulta inconducente, dado que no hay forma de establecer cuál es el origen preciso de una idea particular. Y aun en caso de poder hacerlo, resulta irrelevante para comprender la naturaleza de ese discurso. De lo que se trata, en cambio, es de entender cómo esas ideas, sea cual fuere su origen, se rearticularon en función de problemáticas ya completamente diversas de aquellas a partir de las cuales surgieron. En el presente trabajo se hace un esbozo de la serie de torsiones que fueron experimentando los conceptos clave del pensamiento tradicional hispano y de cómo ésas terminarían abriendo las puertas a la emergencia de un tipo de discurso que escaparía ya de sus marcos.

Diego Bracco

<p>Within the framework of research carried out at the University Development Pole "Centro de investigaciones interdisciplinarias sobre la presencia indígena misionera en el territorio: patrimonio, región y frontera culturales" (Centro Universitario de Tacuarembó; Universidad de la República), relevant attention is being paid to the presence of charruas, bohanes, pampas and guenoa minuanos in mission towns. The research contributes to emphasize that the expression "missionary guarani" - traditionally used as a synonym for "missionary indigenous" - is inadequate, since it ignores the fact of their presence.<br />Many of the natives who were predominant in the plains south of the reductions joined the villages of missions by acceptance or by force. In some cases, they remained there for generations, maintaining relevant aspects of their identity. The aim of this contribution is to highlight these circumstances, especially with regard to San Borja and Yapeyú. Moreover, I will emphasize the influence of the complexity previously indicated in the borderlands on which the Oriental Republic of Uruguay was built.</p>

A. Elbe, A. Hatzigeorgiadis, E. Morela et al.

Ernesto R. Gantman

Cristina Fernández, Carolina Ortega

J. Clayton

Russell King, G. Lazaridis, Charalambos Tsardanidis

M. Pinazo, B. Miranda, C. Rodríguez-Villar et al.

Rodrigo Arocena

El artículo parte de la década de los ochenta, necesaria para una transición progresiva de ciertos regímenes dictatoriales a las nuevas democracias, para analizar la solidez de la democracia en América Latina, los nuevos procesos de crecimiento económico y la justicia social que late (o no) bajo los mismos.

Cristiana Bertazoni

The article looks closely at the Quechua play "Apu Ollantay" in order to better understand the relationships of power that the Incas established with the Amazonian corner of their empire, known in Inca terms as Antisuyu. It is argued that the drama "Apu Ollantay" functioned as a social and political device in order to enhance Inca imperial magnitude and project an image of a magnanimous ruler.

M. Rosa Boleda, M. Huerta-Fontela, F. Ventura et al.

A. Stepan