Abstract This study explores how superstition, specifically China’s “zodiac year” belief predicting bad luck, influences corporate charitable donations, addressing the unexplored psychological mechanism behind religion’s impact on CSR. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2022, we find that before their zodiac year, the chairperson tends to increase the firm’s charitable donations due to their anticipation of bad luck, which highlights the impact of managers’ nonstandard beliefs on CSR. This effect is more pronounced in regions with a strong Taoist atmosphere and within family firms. Mechanism tests indicate that the impact intensifies when firms underperform or face negative media coverage, reflecting heightened insecurity. Additionally, chairpersons tend to engage in quiet giving and purchase extra insurance before their zodiac year, highlighting self-enhancement and self-protection motivations. Our findings reveal a mechanism of egoistic motivation behind CSR, that is, executives make donations for personal psychic gratification for themselves. This study contributes to the research on both religion and motivation of charitable donations by providing a novel perspective to explain the motivation behind corporate charitable donations.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Abstract As implementing a punishment ladder is an important way of establishing a balance between crime and punishment, the task of investigating the scientific and rational nature of the punishment ladder is highly significant. This paper explores the rationality of the punishment ladder employed in the context of the crime of infringing upon citizens’ personal information. Specifically, this research employs methods such as regression discontinuity design. The results reveal that after a judicial interpretation in 2017 defined the amount of information corresponding to different circumstances surrounding this crime, a significant discontinuity pertaining to fixed-term imprisonment sentences emerged at the threshold of the amount of information. This finding suggests the penalties associated with the different ladders of punishment used in this context are insufficiently connected, thus standing in contrast to the principle of a balance between crime and punishment. Furthermore, the larger the amount of information is, the lower the penalty per unit of information. This finding suggests that the threshold has a strong deterrent effect; however, once this threshold is crossed, the deterrent effect becomes sharply weaker, and no gradual deterrent ladder has yet been developed. Therefore, we suggest that the amount of information that corresponds to different circumstances of the crime should overlap with the aim of weakening the decisive role played by the threshold in this context. In addition, we recommend that larger quantities of information should be combined with more severe fines with the goal of ensuring that the purpose of punishment is achieved.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
The current study was undertaken to investigate how fresh graduates perform in English and why they were successful, reserved, or unsuccessful in job interviews from the perspective of the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) Appraisal Theory namely from the Attitude subsystem. The theory focuses on the English language proficiency of the candidates in terms of their ability to express their stances in English. A qualitative method was employed in the present study. The data of the study comprised of walk-in interview transcripts of 10 fresh graduates for the post of Administrative Officer (s). An Appraisal analysis was conducted to reveal stances for the answers to the general interview question, “How do you face challenges?” and it was used as a theme to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the Appreciation subsystem of Attitude was used predominantly by candidates who were successful. The current study is expected to advance knowledge on the performance of graduates in job interviews and contribute to the field of SFL and Educational Linguistics.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Abstract How do illegal markets operate in cyberspace? Drawing on interview data, this article examines the organizational structure of China’s illegal online gambling businesses and their use of extralegal governance institutions to marketize services, ensure fair play, enforce compliance, and reduce the risk of prosecution. The article also discusses the impact of China’s intensified efforts to repress illegal markets. It suggests that operators in the illegal online market now prefer to settle gambling debts using ex ante means, such as deposits, rather than ex post mechanisms, such as using interpersonal obligations or violence to enforce debt collection. This research contributes to the literature on extralegal governance, gambling, and illegal markets.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Wole Kinati, Elizabeth C. Temple, Derek Baker
et al.
The role of agency in women’s empowerment, whether individual or collective, has long been at the center of feminist discourse. Although, highly context dependent, studies on agency are less contextualized. Based on mixed methods, we generated in-depth understandings of what constitutes agency in livestock-based institutions, and associated contextual factors across three regions. Agency, the ability to make effective participation, conceptualization is based on four main dimensions, in turn associated with key agency enabling resources. The agency-enabling resources such as years of schooling, land holding, sheep flock size, number of women in the leadership committee, along with location and distance to extension services variables were associated with the ability to effectively participate. Study participants are aware of the influence of normative environment but lack the power to challenge it. If supported and used as a means, the collective action, breeding cooperative, itself could potentially generate its members such power.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
This Article aims to describe the process of using the everyone is a teacher here learning method assisted by the rolling ball games media in learning history for class XI IPA 3 students at SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Baru and to determine the response of students' using the everyone is a teacher learning method assisted by rolling ball games media. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the level of interest in learning history of students got a score of 80% of the percentage of 100% which was included in the good category and the results of the evaluation value based on the calculation of the percentage of 80% of students completed and 20% incomplete. Based on the description above, it proves that the use of the everyone is a teacher here learning method assisted by rolling ball games media increases interest in learning history for students in class XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Baru . Student responses to the use of the everyone is a teacher here learning method assisted by the rolling ball games media received a positive response, this was evidenced by the percentage of student responses which was worth 81.8%.
This study aims to determine the improvement of students' history learning outcomes before and after the application of the market place activity model at SMAN 1 Teunom Aceh Jaya. This research used a quantitative approach and the type of study was experimental research. The population of this study was the students of class XI SMAN 1 Teunom and the sample was students of class XI IPS 1. The data collection techniques in this study included documents, pre-treatment scores and tests.
The article deals with the problem of deciphering the code of a literary text, as one of the most pressing problems of modern linguistics. The article explores the work of the French writer Octave Mirbeau "Letters from my hut" in terms of the presence in it of the code of Alfons Daudet, the author of the cycle of stories "Letters from my mill". Octave Mirbeau is an active and influential participant in the historical events of France of the late 18th - early 19th century. His pen was ruthless, however, the dark sides of reality, through the comic code, he described so that they often became attractive. The article analyzes the implementation of the Alphonse Daudet code in Octave Mirbeau text space, allowing to prove the intertextual connection between their works. Attention is drawn to that Octave Mirbeau uses a comic code, as a technique for creating a common communicative ield, between the collection of stories "Letters from my hut" and the work of Alphonse Daudet "Letters from my mill". The paper proves that the intertextual connection between the designated works is carried out by a comic code, as a way of reproducing a precedent text, by creating caricature images. It is noted that the code sets a certain connotation to the text and its individual parts, imposes a value that can not be decrypted by the recipient who does not own a certain cultural code. The article touches upon the specifics of the Octawa Mirbeau ideology, which was influenced by various literary schools, works of other writers, important historical and social events, which explains the diversity of forms, genres and stylistic techniques used by them. The comic code is considered through the disagreement that existed between Alphonse Daudet and Octave Mirbeau in life, which is undoubtedly relected in the works. It is proved that Octave Mirbo coded his stories primarily at the comic level, creating literary caricatures similar to the cartoons of Alphonse Daudet. All translations are made by the authors of the article.
Law, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
In higher education we witness a unique conjuncture: on the one hand, students who attend academic courses are the first generation to have fully grown in a digitalized world; on the other hand, teachers, while having grown and studied in a still largely analogue world, have witnessed the evolution of today’s techno-society since its infancy. By connecting the field of the Digital Humanities with education, this article discusses the conception, design and results of two practice-based teaching experiences which were aimed at exploring the tensions embedded in our daily use of digital technologies, as well as in today’s techno-society as a whole. The first one is a “digital autoethnography” developed at the City University of Hong Kong; the second one refers to the course “Anthropology of Communication” – co-delivered at Politecnico of Milan – which adopted a “connected intelligence” approach to urge students to reflect on tomorrow’s techno-society in a collaborative way. While the first experience was chiefly a self-reflexive study on the impact of social media on the individual, the second one mapped the main criticalities of techno-society as a whole, according to seven macro-themes, and asked students to elaborate possible solutions. Both courses considered students as active learners/users, insofar as they at the forefront of today digital revolution, but also the subjects most in need of critical tools to face it.
General Works, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Bu çalışma, millet iradesiyle iktidarın değiştiği ilk seçim olarak Türkiye siyasi tarihine geçen 14 Mayıs 1950 seçimini konu edinmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı bu önemli seçimde siyaset söylemine egemen olan değerleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Dönemin iktidar partisi konumundaki CHP ve muhalefet partisi konumundaki DP’li siyasal aktörlerin dönem gazetelerinde yer alan konuşmaları değerler açısından incelenmiştir. İçerik analizi yöntemiyle yapılan araştırmada analiz kategorileri olarak, Schwartz Değer Ölçeği’ndeki temel ve üst düzey değer boyutları kullanılmıştır. Bu yolla CHP ve DP’li siyasal aktörlerin seçmeni ikna etmek için hangi beklenti ve değerlere seslendikleri ve dönem siyasetinin egemen değer öncelikleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda 1950 seçiminde siyasal aktörlerin söylemlerinde en sık kullanılan değerlerin kendini yönetme, başarı, yardımseverlik, güvenlik, güç ve evrensellik temel değerleri olduğu saptanmıştır. CHP ve DP’li aktörlerin söylemleri temel değerler açısından karşılaştırıldığında, her iki partinin benzer değerleri öne çıkardıkları ancak öncelikler sıralamasının farklı olduğu görülmüştür. / This study’s subject is the May 14, 1950 elections in which political power has changed by national will. The aim of the study is to reveal the values that dominate politics discourse in this important election. The CHP, which was the ruling party of the period, and the speeches of the DP political actors in the period newspapers were examined in terms of values. In the research conducted with the content analysis method, the basic and upper level dimensions of the Schwartz Value Scale were used as the analysis categories. In this way, it was tried to determine the expectations and values of the CHP and DP politicians to convince the voters and the dominant value priorities of the period politics. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the values most frequently used in the discourse of political actors in the 1950 election were the values of self-management, success, benevolence, security, power and universality. When the discourses of the CHP and DP actors were compared in terms of basic values, it was seen that both parties put forward similar values but the order of priorities was different.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
The article reveals the peculiarities of written English professionally oriented communication of IT specialists. In the framework of the main situ-ations of written English professionally oriented communication (business cor-respondence, correspondence with colleagues and managers) the functions of the communication realize: contact, information, inducing, cognitive, emotive, influencing ones and fence-mending. The genres of written English professio-nally oriented communication of IT specialists include: private and business e-mail correspondence, texting in chats and forums, posting on net announ-cement boards, memo, and reports. The main types of this communication are formal (communication with colleagues), semi-formal and formal communica-tion (communication with suppliers, clients, managers), analytical and scientific communication (reports). Each type of communication has its peculiar stylistic feature concerning lexical and grammatical presentation.
Social Sciences, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This paper discusses Auroville as an intentional spiritual community in South India and the way facets of Integral yoga are manifested. The existential thinking, aspirations, existential anxieties, daily spiritual experiences and worldview of the residents also called Aurovilians, were studied through a 10-year period. Aurovilians’ scores on measures of existential thinking, aspirations, and spiritual experiences were higher and existential anxieties scores were lower than their phase 1 scores. At phase 2, scores on the integrative worldview were higher. In-depth discussions showed an evolution of existential thinking and spiritual inclinations as well as integrative worldview of residents of Auroville as an intentional spiritual commune. Theistic existentialism of Aurovilians is, drawing from Sri Aurobindo’s Integral yoga, a phenomenological quest for the Absolute. The study is a demonstration of the practical applications of Integral yoga as a world affirming philosophy to qualify the divine quest of humanity, through an intentional community’s experiment.
Neoliberalism has since the 1970s had a significant negative impact on higher education in the U.S., but this ideology and political program is not solely to blame for the current situation of the humanities or the university. The American university was never the autonomous institution imagined by German idealists, but it was rather always strongly connected to both the state and civil society. Many of the cultural currents and social forces that have led to the reduction in public spending on higher education and to lower enrollments in the humanities long antedate neoliberalism.
In a copious introduction to the very problem of education, the author of the study - The Philosophy of Education (Belgrade: Serbian State Publisher of Textbooks, Belgrade, 2016), Milan Uzelac, describes all the main articulated moments, which formed and directed the development of education on a social and historic level. The bases of his conceptions of education are phenomenological, elaborated in a methodological continuum. Through a thouroughful critical review of the current, in general very disappointing state of education in our country, Uzelac points to new, possible directions of development of education.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
W artykule zaprezentowano dążenia edukacyjne Polaków na tle doceniania wykształcenia z perspektywy społecznej i jednostkowej. Autorki wychodzą z założenia, że poziom wykształcenia społeczeństwa uwarunkowany jest nie tylko przez istniejący system szkolny i dostępność kształcenia, ale także przez aspiracje edukacyjne. Na podstawie danych empirycznych pochodzących z badań realizowanych w latach 1973 i 1993 oraz licznych badań nad problematyką dążeń edukacyjnych, prowadzonych w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach, Autorki wskazują na istnienie następujących zjawisk: a) wykształcenie w Polsce było i jest cenioną wartością, co sprzyja wysokim, upowszechniającym się aspiracjom edukacyjnym; b) dążenia edukacyjne nie były i nie są w pełni realizowane; c) zmiany zachodzące w ostatnich latach w szkolnictwie, zwłaszcza zniesienie centralnego limitowania przyjęć oraz wzrost liczby kształconych na poziomie średnim i wyższym, są zgodne z oczekiwaniami społecznymi; d) dążenia dotyczące kierunków kształcenia dość silnie tkwią w tradycyjnej strukturze zawodowej i szkolnej tylko niektóre nowe formy kształcenia oraz dyscypliny dające lepsze perspektywy na rynku pracy są uwzględniane w deklarowanych życzeniach edukacyjnych. Wynika stąd potrzeba tworzenia lub odbudowy sprawnego systemu preorientacji szkolno-zawodowej, dzięki któremu osoby aspirujące do kształcenia poznałyby różne dostępne drogi realizacji swoich dążeń, a wiedza o coraz bardziej zróżnicowanym i ciągle zmieniającym się systemie edukacji byłaby kompetentnie upowszechniana.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Academies and learned societies
Guillermo Araya , Carolina Camacho , Melina Montero
et al.
El estrés es un elemento de la cotidianidad humana, por ende, también, del ámbito académico. Este se manifiesta mediante alteraciones en la conducta, problemáticas psicosomáticas y sociales, como bajo rendimiento, dolores corporales, bloqueos mentales, inclusión fallida en los grupos sociales, deserción, etc.El objeto del estudio fue determinar los factores de estrés más comunes que influyen dentro de las diferentes áreas de la vida del estudiante. La población analizada fueron los estudiantes de las generaciones 2013, 2014 y 2015 del CHC, a los cuales se les aplicó un instrumento likert durante 3 etapas distintas del ciclo lectivo. La población encuestada indicó que el estrés académico se deriva principalmente de la presencia de factores como problemáticas dentro del círculo social próximo. Ambos con carácter cíclico, de manera que se relacionan directamente en el desempeño académico con la estabilidad emocional del estudiante y viceversa.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as características de um conjunto de mensagens sobre a Revolução de 1930 e Getúlio Vargas publicados na revista O Cruzeiro – parte do mais poderoso conglomerado de comunicação do país na época, os Diários Associados. A revista Cruzeiro era o único periódico de circulação nacional e um dos mais importantes veículos da mídia brasileira. Em 8 de novembro de 1930, cinco dias após posse de Vargas no governo, a revista publicou uma extensa reportagem sobre reportagem sobre os acontecimentos revolucionários desde os seus preparativos até a “vitória final”. Houve também a impressão de um conjunto de imagens de Getúlio Vargas – na condição de organizador da Revolução, condutor e líder vitorioso empossado na presidência. Considera-se, portanto, essa edição como significativa, em um esforço para atribuir sentidos ao conjunto de eventos, englobando a gestação do projeto revolucionário, seu desenrolar, marcado pelas incertezas, e, finalmente, a vitória. Na elaboração da reportagem são bastante repetidos termos complementares como: Nação e Região, Líder e Povo, Presidente e Chefe, que ajudavam a conferir sentidos ao discurso visual criado pela revista.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Despite convincing evidence supporting the association between exercise and positive affect, this complex relationship requires further theoretical and person-centered explanation. The nature of one’s motivation for exercise, as postulated by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), may supply a missing and understudied link. The primary aim of this experimental study was to examine the moderating influence of situational motivation from SDT on the relationship between an acute bout of preferred exercise, namely running (vs. control), and changes in positive affect. Forty-one active women attended two sessions to engage in (a) a 30-min moderate-intensity self-paced treadmill run and (b) a 30-min quiet activity (i.e., newspaper reading). Participants with high introjection versus those with low introjection reported a greater increase in positive affect from pre- to postrunning and a greater decrease in positive affect from pre- to postcontrol. A “relief from guilt” effect was postulated to explain these results. Motivational variables accounted for 7% of variance in postrun positive affect. Consistent with SDT, running because one values this behavior and its benefits (i.e., identified regulation) was significantly associated with postrun positive affect.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences