Two new species of honeyguides (Indicatoridae) are described from the Lower Pliocene Upper Varswater Formation at Langebaanweg, South Africa. One of these species is referred to the genus Indicator, as Indicator sp. (taxon A), and comparable in size to the Lesser Honeyguide (I. minor). It is represented by a partial coracoid as well as 12 humeri, eight carpometacarpi, and two tarsometatarsi. The second species is slightly smaller than the Least Honeyguide (I. exilis). It is known from a fragmentary proximal humerus, a carpometacarpus and two tarsometatarsi, and cannot be referred to a particular genus of modern Indicatoridae, hence it is referred to Indicatoridae indet. (taxon B). Both species form the as yet earliest record of honeyguides in Africa and the world, and confirm the presence of woodland with mature trees suitable for cavity-nesting species at Langebaanweg during the Early Pliocene.
Weightlifting emerged in Italy during the late 19th century, particularly within the industrial triangle of Turin, Genoa and Milan.On an international level, the sport’s debut occurred at the 1896 Olympic Games in Athens and the 1904 St. Louis Games, in addition to the 1906 Athens ‘Intermediate Games,’ which featured exercises rooted in the French method. Central European countries practised a divergent method, which would soon become known as the continental method. The two methods remained at odds with one another, failing to reach a compromise, until the outbreak of the First World War. However, the 1916 Berlin Olympics had the potential to alter the course of history. Central European lifters had increasingly adopted the French method, and while the opposition remained on the two-handed jerk, a compromise was theoretically reached for Berlin, leaving the athlete free to choose the preferred way of performing the jerk. The Italian contingent, under the patronage of Marquis Monticelli Obizzi, had become versed in both methods, though the French one had gained the upper hand. Following the First World War, and with Austria and Germany excluded from active participation, France proceeded to impose its own method. Later on, it established an international governing body (FIH) at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, where Italy achieved a noteworthy result. During the four-year Olympic period leading up to Paris 1924, a contentious relationship emerged between the countries that had been excluded from the Olympics and France. France administered the FIH with rigidity, and any attempt to overturn this top-down management was fruitless. Italy, already grappling with a difficult political life and ruled by fascism since 1922, adopted a low profile, avoiding any compromise, partially obtaining recognition for its records and preparing for an unexpected triumph in Paris 1924 thanks to Gabetti, Galimberti and Tonani. The history of this fruitful course has been reconstructed, however, avoiding the track of the official book of the IWF (heir of the FIH), Il passato perduto (The Lost Past), as it omits some important historical issues and is marred by interpretations that are erroneous, incomplete and not adherent to the real connections of the true facts
The article is devoted to the history of F.V. Bulgarin’s service in the Russian Empire. Having entered military service as a cornet in the Uhlan Regiment in 1806, five years later he left for France and enlisted in Napoleon’s troops, fought against Russia, was captured, but fell under the amnesty declared by Alexander I. During the new reign, Bulgarin informally “served” the Third Section, but was looking for a way to formalize himself in the service hierarchy, which he succeeded in 1826: as an already well-known writer, he was assigned to the Ministry of Public Education, but in fact he did not serve and was dismissed in 1831. A new suitable place was not found soon: from 1843 to 1857 Bulgarin served in the Administration of State Horse Breeding, fully justifying his “registration.” In numerous articles he fervently advertised the development of Russian horse breeding. He retired with the general rank of actual state councilor. The article considers Bulgarin’s case as an example of the social adaptation of a writer in the 19th century: completely devoting themselves to literary work, many authors sought to find a convenient service “niche” that would give them a worthy place in the eyes of society and the state, not to mention a possible salary.
Literature (General), Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages
Grégory Lailler, Sonsoles Fuentes, Sofiane Kab
et al.
Aims: To assess the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in France between 2013 and 2014 using data from the CONSTANCES cohort, and to identify factors associated with prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes. Methods: The study population comprised participants recruited in 2013–2014 in CONSTANCES, an ongoing French national prospective cohort following participants aged 18–69 years who are covered by France's general health insurance scheme. Participants completed a questionnaire at baseline and underwent a medical examination which included providing blood samples. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7 mmol/l and diagnosed diabetes as self-report or identification of reimbursements for anti-diabetics. Prediabetes was defined as a FPG ≥ 6 mmol/l but < 7 mmol/l. Results: 25,137 participants were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence of prediabetes was 7.2% [95% confidence interval: 6.7–7.7], 1.6% [1.4–1.9] for undiagnosed diabetes, and 4.0% [3.6–4.4] for diagnosed diabetes. These rates were significantly higher in men, in older persons, in persons with obesity, and in those with lower education levels. In multivariate regression models, excessive corpulence was the variable most strongly associated with undiagnosed diabetes (adjusted Odds Ratio=9.31) and prediabetes (aOR=3.85). Additionally, male sex, older age, family history of diabetes, at-risk alcohol use, and lower education level were all positively associated with undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. Conclusion: Diabetes and prediabetes prevention together with screening for undiagnosed diabetes must be strengthened for persons with low socioeconomic status and for those with obesity or overweight.
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Face à l’internationalisation de la lutte contre l’apartheid en Afrique du Sud dans les années 1980, l’Allemagne fédérale condamne les violations des droits de l’homme mais évite de sanctionner économiquement le régime. Les diplomates de l’Auswärtiges Amt sont l’objet de pressions contraires de la communauté internationale et européenne, des acteurs économiques, sociaux et religieux, d’un lobby pro-régime et d’un mouvement citoyen anti-apartheid. Mais en tenant strictement séparée la politique et l’économie, la RFA reste un partenaire commercial de premier plan de l’Afrique du Sud.
This article analyzes Hay Baykar (“Armenian Struggle”), an Armenian leftist periodical, first published in France in the 1970s, from a dual theoretical perspective: social history (here of the Armenian diaspora) and social movements (here of post-’68 mobilizations, according to the latest historiography). The article proposes to read this protest paper as an archetype of connected history. On the one hand, Hay Baykar possesses many typical features of French far-left enteprises – notably high cultural potential participants. On the other hand, Hay Baykar interconnects aspects of the endogenous heritage of the Armenian struggle with the exogenous experience of international radicalism, especially by reappropriating Marxism and Third-Worldism. Piecing together the diasporic, national, local aspects, this diachronic study of Hay Baykar unveils a periodization of the underlying Armenian Liberation movement and therefore reflects on the multiple temporalities that nurture diasporas.
History (General) and history of Europe, Social sciences (General)
Mehdi Saqalli, Abdelkarim Hamrita, Abdelkarim Hamrita
et al.
Mediterranean mountains have been and continue to be used by human populations along an interweaving of numerous uses: agro-sylvo-pastoralism, trade, industry and mining have all gone hand in hand for several millennia. Mines are however a so important source of wealth that, by putting in contact external powers and mountain locals, it creates an imbalance of powers inducing structural violence and tensions. The 1830–1962 colonial era did change the magnitude of these imbalances and this affect all Mediterranean mountainous ranges. The French expansion did affect as a result the Moroccan Atlas, the Tunisia Coastal Mounts but also the French Pyrenees. The article explores the available archives regarding the history of three mines in each of these emblematic mountains with a shared mining and agro-sylvo-pastoral past and where mining were actually well-known: Sem-Rancié and Puymorens in the French Pyrenees, Mibladen and Zeïda in the Moroccan Middle Atlas and Jebel Ressass in Tunisia. These reconstructions show that the initial social and political situations, as diverse as they are, are of little importance in the trajectory of these mines: all of them see a rapid appropriation by economic powers that are more and more powerful and more and more distant as far as Paris, the common capital in colonial times, despite several revolts and tensions. The initial expansion then gave way to a structural crisis due to the competition with other mining sites until abandonment. The following powers, post-colonial in Morocco or Tunisia or decentralized in France, did not endorse any responsibility of this the post-mining environmental, social and economic legacy. For each of these sites, the mine could be seen as an indicator of the power balance evolution among activities and actors, a canary in the mine on which we propose a methodology for further investigations.
Antonio Reguera-Teba, Isidro Martínez- Casas, Pablo Torné-Poyatos
et al.
Abstract Improving knowledge on the epidemiology and analysing the prognostic factors of severity for injuries caused by fighting bulls in Spain, Portugal and southern France. Observational retrospective study including 1239 patients with a reported history of bull horn injuries between January 2012 and November 2019 in Spain, Portugal or southern France. A multiple logistic regression test was used to analyse the prognostic factors of severity and mortality rate of these lesions. The mean accident rate was 9.13% and the mortality rate was 0.48%. The most frequent mechanism of trauma was goring, and the commonest locations of the lesions were thigh and groin. Vascular lesion was found in 20% of thigh/groin gorings. Prognostic factors of severity were vascular lesion, head trauma, fracture, goring injuries and age of the animal. The most reliable prognostic factors of mortality were vascular lesion and goring in the back. Lesions caused by fighting bulls are common in the bullfighting events held in Spain, Portugal and southern France. Although the mortality rate is low, there is a higher morbidity rate, which is conditioned by vascular lesion. All medical teams should include a surgeon experienced in vascular surgery and an anaesthesiologist.
Manpreet Kohli, Harald Letsch, Carola Greve
et al.
Summary: Dragonflies and damselflies are among the earliest flying insects with extant representatives. However, unraveling details of their long evolutionary history, such as egg laying (oviposition) strategies, is impeded by unresolved phylogenetic relationships, particularly in damselflies. Here we present a transcriptome-based phylogenetic reconstruction of Odonata, analyzing 2,980 protein-coding genes in 105 species representing nearly all the order’s families. All damselfly and most dragonfly families are recovered as monophyletic. Our data suggest a sister relationship between dragonfly families of Gomphidae and Petaluridae. According to our divergence time estimates, both crown-Zygoptera and -Anisoptera arose during the late Triassic. Egg-laying with a reduced ovipositor apparently evolved in dragonflies during the late Jurassic/early Cretaceous. Lastly, we also test the impact of fossil choice and placement, particularly, of the extinct fossil species, †Triassolestodes asiaticus, and †Proterogomphus renateae on divergence time estimates. We find placement of †Proterogomphus renateae to be much more impactful than †Triassolestodes asiaticus.
Gaston d’Orléans’s daughter, ‘la Grande Mademoiselle’, wrote memoirs in which Monsieur, Louis XIII’s brother, occupies a prominent place. The study of this figure — father, member of the Fronde and among the first men of the kingdom — highlights the construction of an ambiguous figure, where the private and the public, the expression of filial affection and the portrait of a great man intersect. This article examines the ancient paradigms – in particular the Roman virtue of pietas – on which the crossed portraits of the daughter and the father are based, and their relevance in the definition of the memoir as a literary practice.
Nous analysons dans cet article la présence des concepts de « non-identique » et de « dialectique négative », issus de la pensée de T. W. Adorno, dans le travail du sociologue irlandais John Holloway et dans celui du philosophe brésilien Paulo Arantes. On pourra ainsi montrer que l’ouverture vers des objets « autres », revendiquée par Adorno dès le début de la Dialectique négative, est une condition cruciale pour penser l’actualité du philosophe. Nous tentons donc de soutenir que ces deux pensées envisagent des possibilités concrètes qui donneraient suite aux entreprises adorniennes, au-delà d’elles-mêmes, d’une part avec Holloway, à travers le mouvement mexicain zapatiste, et d’autre part avec Arantes et son développement d’une philosophie de l’histoire à partir du cas du Brésil.
The article examines the history of the reception of mother Maria’s poetry in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, in France and in Great Britain. It analyses how her image and “hypostasis” became mythologized in Russian and foreign cultures in the context of mother Maria’s personality and her life-creating orientation. The author distinguishes several periods in the perception of mother Maria’s image (1965, 1989, the 2000s), analyzes the most important “portraits” of mother Maria the poet those that influenced generations; traces the changes in researchers’ approaches to the study of her work.
Rachid Cheddadi, Alexandra-Jane Henrot, Louis François
et al.
This study reconstructs and interprets the changing range of Atlas cedar in northern Morocco over the last 9,000 years. A synthesis of fossil pollen records indicated that Atlas cedars occupied a wider range at lower elevations during the mid-Holocene than today. The mid-Holocene geographical expansion reflected low winter temperatures and higher water availability over the whole range of the Rif Mountains relative to modern conditions. A trend of increasing aridity observed after 6,000 years BP progressively reduced the range of Atlas cedar and prompted its migration toward elevations above 1,400 masl. To assess the impact of climate change on cedar populations over the last decades, we performed a transient model simulation for the period between 1960 and 2010. Our simulation showed that the range of Atlas cedar decreased by about 75% over the last 50 years and that the eastern populations of the range in the Rif Mountains were even more threatened by the overall lack of water availability than the western ones. Today, Atlas cedar populations in the Rif Mountains are persisting in restricted and isolated areas (Jbel Kelti, Talassemtane, Jbel Tiziren, Oursane, Tidighine) that we consider to be modern microrefugia. Conservation of these isolated populations is essential for the future survival of the species, preserving polymorphisms and the potential for population recovery under different climatic conditions.