Hasil untuk "History (General)"

S. Freud

Antonio Musolino, Marco Roversi, Mariateresa Romaniello et al.

Introduction: Pneumococcal vaccination has significantly decreased the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in the general population, however studies on effectiveness in Down syndrome (DS) are heterogeneous. In this cross-sectional study we evaluated the prevalence of adequate immune response in children with DS after pneumococcal vaccination and we searched for possible clinical predictors associated with it, in order to provide data to optimize vaccination strategies in this high-risk group. Methods: Data of children with DS referred to the DS outpatient Clinic of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy, between September 2021 and March 2022 were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory predictors of immunological response to PCV vaccine, defined as an anti-pneumococcal IgG titer threshold above 0.35 μg/mL were compared and evaluated with bivariate analyses and logistic regression. Results: In this cohort of 406 patients the mean age was 8.4 years and 56.2 % of individuals were male. Most of them had congenital cardiopathy (57.8 %) and recurrent respiratory infections (57.4 %). An anti-pneumococcal Ig titer ≥0.35 μg/mL was found in 50.5 % of patients. Those with Ig < 0.35 μg/mL were significantly younger (p < 0.001) and less likely to have autoimmune disorders or hypothyroidism. Logistic regression showed that a positive history of previous surgery increased the likelihood of Ig ≥ 0.35 μg/mL (OR 2.25, p = 0.001), as well as hypothyroidism (OR 3.14, p = 0.016) and celiac disease (OR 3.70, p = 0.030). Additionally, older age at last PCV13 dose positively correlated with higher Ig levels (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Our findings confirm a lower prevalence of adequate immune response after anti-pneumococcal vaccination in individuals with DS. Older age at last PCV13 dose was found to be correlated to higher specific IgG titers; we suggest a tailored vaccination schedule or a booster dose in individuals with DS that could improve their immune protection.

Vlatko Smiljanić

Kroatologija se razvila kao zasebno interdisciplinarno akademsko područje, formalno priznato unutar hrvatskoga znanstvenog okvira 2009. godine. Ova studija ispituje povijesni razvoj kroatologije, s posebnim naglaskom na njezinu evoluciju pod utjecajem ključnih kulturnih, povijesnih i političkih čimbenika od 19. stoljeća nadalje. Kritički se analiziraju metodološki pristupi koji su središnji za kroatološka istraživanja, poput jezikoslovnih, književnih i kulturoloških studija, te se razmatra njihova integracija u suvremeni akademski diskurs. Nadalje, rad istražuje percepciju kroatologije u javnosti i njezinu distinkciju od srodnih područja, poput kroatistike, pri čemu se naglašavaju aktualne rasprave o njezinoj znanstvenoj i društvenoj relevantnosti. Institucionalni napredci, uključujući uspostavu preddiplomskih, diplomskih i doktorskih programa, znatno su pridonijeli akademskoj vjerodostojnosti kroatologije. Ipak, ostaju izazovi u učvršćivanju njezina identiteta i rješavanju pitanja profesionalnih prilika za njezine diplomante. Ovo istraživanje naglašava nužnost usavršavanja metodoloških okvira i poticanja interdisciplinarne suradnje kako bi se dodatno povećao utjecaj ovoga područja na razumijevanje hrvatskoga nacionalnog identiteta i kulture.

Mohd Hasfarisham Abd HALIM, Mohd Amin ALI, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah MASNAN et al.

This study provides primary evidence about the geological features in Kuala Muda district, indicating significant potential for development as a geotourism product. To collect primary data, we conducted survey and mapping activities to gather information about the current condition of 11 geosites, as well as the facilities already in place to facilitate seasonal tourism. In addition, a review of previous scientific research for each geosite is also carried out so that geosite speciality data can be summarized. The study's results have facilitated the creation of 17 tourism packages under the AncKed Sungai Batu Association, encompassing geology, geoarchaeology, biology, history, heritage, and culture tourism products in the Kuala Muda district. Offering tour packages enables the district to conduct knowledgeable tourism activities involving people from all walks of life and ages, with trained locals serving as tour guides. This ensures the preservation of geotourism at its optimal level.

Yazan AlHabil, Anas N. Owda, Basil J. Zaid et al.

Abstract Background Inadequate surgical interventions can lead to serious complications such as tubo-ovarian abscesses in the upper female genital system, often resulting from untreated pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease, caused by infections like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, leads to scarring and adhesions in the reproductive organs, with common risk factors including intrauterine device use and multiple sexual partners. Pelvic inflammatory disease primarily affects sexually active young women and can manifest with varied symptoms, potentially leading to complications like ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain if untreated. Case presentation This case report presents a unique scenario involving a 17-year-old sexually inactive female who experienced concurrent tubo-ovarian abscess, acute cystitis, and pancolitis following laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. Pelvic inflammatory disease and its complications are well-documented, but the simultaneous occurrence of acute cystitis and pancolitis in this context is unprecedented in the medical literature. The patient’s presentation, clinical course, and management are detailed, highlighting the importance of considering diverse and severe complications in individuals with a history of gynecological surgeries. Conclusions Our case report highlights the need for healthcare professionals to remain vigilant for atypical presentations of gynecological complications and emphasizes the value of interdisciplinary collaboration for optimal patient care. We encourage further research and awareness to enhance understanding and recognition of complex clinical scenarios associated with gynecological procedures.

Lei Xu, Lei Xu, Lei Xu et al.

Grasping the genetic structure of marine fish populations is vital for comprehending species connectivity patterns and determining the appropriate spatiotemporal scales for conservation management strategies. Here, we analyzed the population genetics of the Orangefin Ponyfish (Photopectoralis bindus Valenciennes, 1835) by examining a portion of the gene coding for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. The aim was to evaluate the haplotype pattern, genetic structure, demographic history, as well as the influence of ecological connectivity through the Qiongzhou Strait on the distribution patterns of this species in the northern South China Sea and the Beibu Gulf. In total, 257 specimens yielded only 13 haplotypes, with the predominant haplotype present at all sampling locations. The analysis revealed a “star-like” haplotype pattern, indicating low levels of both haplotype and nucleotide diversity. Additionally, a small but significant genetic structure was observed between the coastal regions flanking the Leizhou Peninsula. These patterns in the haplotype network and genetic structure may be significantly influenced by contemporary currents, particularly through the connectivity of the Qiongzhou Strait. Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs demonstrated pronouncedly negative values, along with a unimodal mismatch distribution, suggested a recent demographic expansion of Photopectoralis bindus during the late Pleistocene, likely influenced by fluctuations in sea levels.

E. H. Lee, D. Liu

Hamida Beg , Muhammad Ferdowsieh, Fatemeh Hosseini

رغم وضوح أهمية صحة الإنسان، إلا أننا نجد مسألة إضراربنفس قد انتشرت بشكل واسع، والتي يعتبرها البعض جائزة بناء على حكم الملكية وكون الإنسان له الحق في ذاته. السؤال الأساسي الذي يطرحه المقال في مجال إضراربنفس هو الحكم الديني على مختلف المستويات الذي استنتجه فقهاء الإمامية بالأدلة العقلية والنقلية. قد توصل هذا البحث الذي كتب بطريقة توصيفية تحليلية إلى النتائج التالية: إضراربنفس درجات تشمل الانتحار، والبتر، وفقدان إحدى الحواس، والتعرض للمرض، والضرر البسيط، والإهانة. يحرم القتل بالآيات والأحاديث وعقلا. إلا إذا كان للدفاع عن النفس أو الجهاد وبإذن الولي. كما تحرم الشريعة البتر, لأنه يعرض الإنسان للهلاك ما لم يكن لذلك سبب منطقي وطبي. أما المستويات الأخرى فهناك اختلاف بين الفقهاء عليها.

P.J. Stephenson

Ying Liu, Maryam Shahi, Karin Miller et al.

Diagnosis of pelvic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) can be challenging because of their nonspecific presentation and similarity to gynecological neoplasms. In this series, we describe the clinicopathological features of 20 GIST cases: 18 patients presented with pelvic mass and/or abdominal pain concerning gynecological disease; 2 patients presented with a posterior rectovaginal mass or an anorectal mass. Total abdominal hysterectomy and/or salpingo-oophorectomy (unilateral or bilateral) were performed in 13 cases. Gross and histological examination revealed that the ovary/ovaries were involved in three cases, the uterus in two cases, the vagina in two cases and the broad ligament in one case. Immunohistochemically, all tumors (20/20, 100%) were diffusely immunoreactive for c-KIT. The tumor cells were also diffusely positive for DOG-1 (10/10, 100%) and displayed focal to diffuse positivity for CD34 (11/12, 92%). Desmin was focally and weakly expressed in 1 of the 14 tested tumors (1/14, 7%), whereas 2 of 8 tumors (2/8, 25%) showed focal SMA positivity. At the molecular level, 7 of 8 (87.5%) GISTs with molecular analysis contained <i>c-KIT</i> mutations with the second and third <i>c-KIT</i> mutations detected in some recurrent tumors. In addition to <i>c-KIT</i> mutation, a pathogenic <i>RB1</i> mutation was detected in two cases. We extensively discussed these cases focusing on their differential diagnosis described by the submitting pathologists during consultation. Our study emphasizes the importance of precision diagnosis of GISTs. Alertness to this entity in unusual locations, in combination with clinical history, morphological features as well as immunophenotype, is crucial in leading to a definitive classification.

Yuri N. Perlamutrov, Svetlana B. Volkova, Kira B. Olhovskaya et al.

The article is devoted to ParryRomberg syndrome, one of the rare diseases. Here we declare contemporary views on predisposing factors, pathogenesis and character of clinical performance. We describe the methods of differential diagnostics, the criteria of diagnostics as well as contemporary treatment methods. We also describe a case history of the disease.

I. Gottesman

W. Pietz

G. Stirrat

G. Hall

B. Craft, M. F. Hawkins

Vesile ŞEMŞEK

İslam Medeniyeti, bu dini kabul etmiş milletlerin, İslam’ın etkisi altında kalarak meydana getirdikleri medeniyetin ortak tanımıdır. Bu kavram, Müslümanlığı kabul etmiş milletlerin tarihinde ayrı ayrı incelenemeyeceği gibi başlı başına tek bir medeniyet olarak da incelenemez. Çünkü, bir İslam dini vardır, fakat bağımsız bir İslam medeniyeti yoktur. Bu da İslamın bir milletin dini olmaması, bütün insanlığa göğüs açan bir din olmasındandır. Bu sebeple İslam medeniyeti demek, Arap - Türk - İran medeniyetleri demektir. Bilimde, şiirde, edebiyatta, mimarlıkta durum böyledir. Yalnız hukukta, İslam medeniyeti, kendine has bir özellik taşımaktadır. Askerlik ve yönetim düzeninde ise, Türklerin etkisi çok büyüktür. İslam medeniyetinin hukuki açıdan, bu medeniyetin en önemli yönünü meydana getirmektedir. Mutlak bir kardeşlik esasına dayanan İslamiyet, Müslümanlar arasındaki zümre farkını kaldırarak, ahlaki yönden yeni ve sağlam esaslar getirmektedir. Nitekim, bu nedenle bile, İslamiyet, bir ahlak medeniyeti olarak da tanımlanabilir. İslam medeniyeti içinde bulunan topluluklara ve devlet düzenine yeni kurallar getirerek, her sanat ve yönetim şekli, bu medeniyetin içinde genelleşmiş ve toplu olarak İslam medeniyetini ifade eder olmuştur. Bu arada çeşitli sanat kollarında ilerlemeler olmuş resim ve heykeltıraşlığın İslamlıkta yasak olmasına ve hiç bir gelişme kazanamamasına karşılık, mimarlık alanında çok büyük ilerlemeler kazanılmıştır. İslam medeniyeti, bilim alanında da, Türk, Arap ve Acem bilim adamlarının aracılığı ile büyük gelişmeler kazanmış, Ortaçağ boyunca Avrupa ve Asya ülkelerinde iz bırakan bilim adamlarının yetişmesine yol açmıştır. Rusça hazırladığımız bu ilmi araştırmanın nihai hedefi, İslam’ın, farklı medeniyetlere kattığı ilmi ve kültürel değerleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Ayrıca, aynı zamanda bir ahlak medeniyeti olan İslam Medeniyetinin, tarihi gelişim sürecindeki faaliyetlere yönelik bilgileri, bütün Rusya coğrafyasında yaşayan halklara ulaştırmak ve aktarmaktır.

G. Ellis, R. Maartens

Observations indicate that the universe is effectively flat, but they do not rule out a closed universe. The role of positive curvature is negligible at late times, but can be crucial in the early universe. In particular, positive curvature allows for cosmologies that originate as Einstein static universes, and then inflate and later reheat to a hot big-bang era. These cosmologies have no singularity, no 'beginning of time' and no horizon problem. If the initial radius is chosen to be above the Planck scale, then they also have no quantum gravity era, and are described by classical general relativity throughout their history.

Quentin Verreycken

The charters of pardon or ‘remission letters’ granted by the king of France and the duke of Burgundy in the late Middle Ages have often been interpreted as a valuable source material to access to the lives, memories, and even the ‘voices’ of the ordinary people who did not produce any other writing. The preamble of each letter was indeed a copy of the supplication submitted by the future pardon beneficiary, in which he narrated his crime and begged for the sovereign’s mercy. However, as with many other documents preserved in court and chancery records, remission letters engage historians with a series of methodological questions due to the nature of the documents and the context in which they were produced. Because they hoped to be granted the monarch’s mercy, petitioners used a series of legal and rhetorical techniques to describe themselves and elaborate their narrations, following the advice of the clerks and lawyers who helped them to compose their petitions. This article explores some of these strategies used by French and Burgundian pardon beneficiaries and compares them to those found in English petitions for pardon. It argues that rather than being considered as an obstacle to accessing to the truth behind the sources, these strategies should be analysed as the testimony of the legal and administrative practices of the time.

V. Behan-Pelletier