The article examines the demand for the higher education system and measures of post-educational migration of university graduates at the regional level. A typology of regions of the Russian Federation is presented based on a combination of two indicators of the demand for the regional higher education system among school graduates and the migration of university graduates from these regions, which allows measuring the state of the system both at the “input” and at the “output” according to data of 2024.The authors highlight the impact of post-educational migration on the regional economies and the risks posed by the differentiation in demand for the higher education system in various regions of the Russian Federation.
History (General) and history of Europe, Economics as a science
The rapid development of digital technology has led to the creation of numerous online works generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) on various platforms. The emergence of these works brings about challenges to traditional copyright protection. Traditional copyright aims to protect the legitimate rights and interests that individuals enjoy over their intellectual achievements, while AI mainly relies on algorithms. Issues such as the ownership of rights, infringement determination, and the degree of protection of works all need to be addressed. This review explores the copyright disputes involved in works generated by AI, including compliance issues, ownership issues and infringement determination. Moreover, corresponding feasible countermeasures for such issues will be discussed. Under no circumstances should the creation of works be based on laws. Nowadays, a work cannot exist independently without the support of vast amounts of data. Clearly distinguishing the attributes of works generated by AI plays an important role. This not only promotes the improvement of the legal theoretical framework in the field of intellectual property rights under the impact of AI, but also protects the legitimate rights of authors. And it conforms to the trend of the law and big data keeping pace with modern society.
Abstract Outbreaks of epidemics are human ecological disasters and have caused huge losses of human life and social disturbances in human history. But their impact on human culture has never been systematically and quantitatively studied. This study hypothesizes that such gigantic human ecological pressure would have created a great need for cultural innovations. By quantitatively examining and modeling the process using the time-series of cultural innovations and human ecological–socioeconomic proxies in European history (1000–1900 CE) based on the basic principles of causal inference, the paper demonstrates that infectious disease epidemics and socioeconomic stress stimulated the flourishment of thinkers and philosophical thoughts across different philosophies in truth, knowledge, and ethics, and promoted scientific discovery/technological innovations in a macro scale. Based on the results of Poisson regression and analysis of marginal effects, when the epidemics increased by 1, the average number of philosophical thinkers increased by 0.85, and their average impact score increased by 4.04. When the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 0.1, the average number of philosophical thinkers increased by 8.9, and the average impact score increased by 29.79. The results of linear regression further show that when the epidemics increased by 1, the average scientific discoveries and technological innovations (SDTI) increased by 0.128 units; when CPI increased by 10%, the average SDTI increased by 0.15 units. Infectious disease epidemics have generally played an important role in generating cultural dynamics during the study period. The results imply that the recurrent outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic would likely lead to another thriving phase of cultural innovations.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Given the need to guarantee sustainable, high-quality preschool education and considering preschool teachers’ central role in children’s learning and growth, the effective development of preschool teachers requires serious attention. This study explored the current intention to stay and the factors predicting retention intention among 214 urban preschool teachers in China using a retention intention scale, work value scale, and workload scale. The results showed that the preschool teachers’ retention intentions were above average, with age, marital status, major, years of experience, weekly working hours, salary, working relationship with the preschool, and the type and rank of the preschool significantly influencing this intent. Educational background, qualification certificate, and job title did not affect these intentions. The results indicated that workload was negatively associated with ECTs’ retention intentions, whereas work values were positively associated. Although the interaction between overall workload and total work values was not significant, further analysis of subdimensions revealed that intrinsic values amplified the negative effect of workload on retention intentions, while extrinsic values mitigated it. No significant moderating effect was found for external rewards. The findings highlight potential avenues for improving retention intention by focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic values and alleviating teacher workload in preschools and governmental institutions. This can, ultimately, have developmental benefits for both children and ECTs.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Faizah Hanim Zainuddin, Mashitah Hamidi, Abdul Muneem
et al.
The objective of this study is to delve into the difficulties faced by older adults when it comes to receiving emotional support, and how these challenges affect their ability to age well. The study utilized a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews and thematic analysis to present its findings. The sample group consisted of 24 older adults and three government officials who were interviewed. The study identified various obstacles to emotional support, such as family crises, stress from children’s problems, negative attitudes from children, and cultural changes. The analysis proposes several strategies to enhance emotional support for older adults, including encouraging them to volunteer to feel more connected, promoting the concept of self-care and self-love, utilizing technology to communicate, raising awareness about the emotional support needs of older adults, implementing intergenerational programs to promote emotional support across different age groups, and collaborating with community organizations to improve emotional support. Despite the importance of this topic, there is currently insufficient research on the barriers to emotional support in the context of successful aging, particularly in Malaysia.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
It is a hot topic nowadays that magnetic reconnection, as a physical process to release magnetic energy effectively, occurs in numerous complicated astrophysical systems. Since the magnetic reconnection is thought to occur frequently in the accretion flow around compact objects which induce strong gravitational field, it is now regarded to be a practical mechanism to extract energy from rotation black holes, which motivates people to consider how to describe the process of magnetic reconnection in a generally relativistic way. In this work, I try to explore the description of Sweet-Parker model, one of the most famous theoretical models of magnetic reconnection, in general relativity. I begin with revisiting the Sweet-Parker model in special relativity and reorganize the calculations in seven steps, whose generally relativistic forms are discussed. I propose in this work, from the general discussions and consequences of specific examples, that no property in Sweet-Parker model would be modified by spacetime curvature, which is opposite to the conclusions in previous work. However, on the contrary, observation in different rest frames may bring modifications. If the magnetic reconnection occurs not in the rest frame of observer, the observer would find out that the detected relation between the reconnection rate and Lundquist number or that between outflow speed and Alfven velocity are not the same as the detected relations if the magnetic reconnection occurs just in the rest frame of observer.
The article deals with the problem of academic environment evolution in which an antiquity historian, A.S. Shofman (1913–1993) conducted his research and taught students in different periods of his life. The author shows that Shofman’s personal qualities, such as determination, ability to work in any external conditions, considerate and, at the same time, demanding attitude to his students and colleagues, sense of humor, irony, self-deprecation, and others played an important role in his development as a scholar. It is also pointed out that fate often brought him to teachers and colleagues who facilitated his success. Different spheres of his scientific communication are studied: prominent scholars of Ancient History and Philology – his teachers at Leningrad State University; international scientific contacts with his colleagues from Macedonia and Serbia, which used to be the part of Yugoslavia, from Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia. His relationship with Russian historians and philologists from Moscow, Leningrad, Voronezh, Tomsk and Belorussian scholars from Minsk were also discussed as well as academic environment at Kazan State University, especially at the Department of World History which A.S. Shofman headed for several decades. The article reveals the influence of his scientific surroundings on his development as a scholar and on themes of his research. A.S. Shofman, in his turn, shaped the mode of activity of the Department he headed and set up a scientific school in Kazan State University well-known in the country
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The article analyses communitarian models of cultural conservatism. The specific
features of cultural conservatism as a form of conservative theory are revealed. A
comparative analysis of various communitarian models for cultural conservatism is
carried out, their common and specific features are identified. It is concluded that
the initial communitarian principles of cultural conservatives can lead to different
assessments of the role of the state in the implementation of cultural and national
policies, as well as the most preferable ways of protecting and preserving values.
History (General) and history of Europe, Economics as a science
This work studies the periapsis shift in the equatorial plane of arbitrary stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes. Two perturbative methods are systematically developed. The first work for small eccentricity but very general orbit size and the second, which is post-Newtonian and includes two variants, is more accurate for orbits of large size but allows general eccentricity. Results from these methods are shown to be equivalent under small eccentricity and large size limits. The periapsis shift of Kerr-Newman, Kerr-Sen and Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetimes are computed to high orders. The electric charge and NUT charge are shown to contribute to the leading order but with opposite signs. The frame-dragging term and high-order effect of spacetime spin are given. The electric and NUT changes of the Earth, Sun and Sgr A* are constrained using the Mercury, satellite and S2 precession data. Periapsis shifts of other spacetimes are obtained too.
With the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and high stability, lithium-ion batteries have been used in a large number of fields such as electric vehicles and grid scale energy storage. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of battery systems, it is important to make an accurate and rapid estimation of the state of health (SOH) of Li-ion cells. A Li-ion cell is a complex nonlinear dynamic system. The SOH of a Li-ion can not be measured directly in actual working conditions; it can only be estimated indirectly by external characteristic parameters that reflects the extent of cell aging. It is difficult to ensure the reliability of method based on a single aging feature or model. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-feature SOH estimation method that combines data-driven XGBoost and a Kalman filter. Firstly, a principal component analysis algorithm to reconstruct multiple battery aging features based on data is used, and an XGBoost online estimation model incorporating multiple features based on the reconstructed feature data is constructed. Finally, the joint optimal estimation of SOH of Li-ion cells by introducing a time-domain Kalman filter based on the real-time correction of the XGBoost model is achieved in this method. The results show that the method improves the accuracy and robustness of the estimation model and achieves a high-precision joint estimation of SOH for Li-ion cells.
The article is focused on the public presentation of (not only) influential persons – the aristocracy, high-ranking citizens (euergetes and benefactors) in ancient Greece in the period from the end of the 5th century BC to the 2nd century AD – through structures known as exedrae. These architectural features, located on sites that are part of the cultural heritage, can still be found in situ in the entire Eastern Mediterranean region. Presented will be case examples of exedrae and their connection to social presentation as well as the issue of the primary purpose of their construction. In conclusion, two cases of these type of structures and its fate will be mentioned in connection with its removal from the original findspot in effort to present it in a museum.
In this work we study the properties of rigidly rotating neutral dust solutions in general relativity. This class of solutions gained relevance recently due to applications to the dynamics of spiral galaxies. We show that this class could be interpreted as a rigid body in general relativity and we analyze the different properties respect to the rigidly rotating disk in special relativity: for example, the general relativistic counterpart shows no Doppler effect for a light signal emitted and received from any two points at rest respect to the rigid body. This effect can be important to test the validity of the assumed model for our galaxy. In the second part we approach the problem from a low energy expansion perspective and we write down a generalization of the virial theorem for stationary spacetimes. The non-Newtonian contributions can lead to a re-weighting of dark matter in galaxies.
Marco Túlio Mendonça Diniz, Isa Gabriela Delgado de Araújo
The evaluation of viewpoint geosites is a recent topic in geosciences, as most works deal with a more general analysis of places and areas, but this one deals with something more specific. Therefore, the general objective of this paper is to propose a method for evaluating viewpoints, based on the assumption that it is necessary to use scientific and aesthetic values as core values in quantitative evaluation. The method used was built based on criteria from other authors, relating the issue of viewpoints to geodiversity, considering scientific and aesthetic values as central, but in addition to other values. With the application of this method at some viewpoints in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, it was possible to verify that from 12 sites, 9 were considered geomorphosites and only 3 geodiversity sites. Consequently, this method shows a significant response in highlighting the potential of a site, its geological composition, geomorphology, and landscape visualisation.
Ana Hernández-Dávila, Benjamín A. Itzá-Ortiz, Rocío Leonel-Gómez
Cell structures were introduced by W. Debski and E. Tymchatyn as a way to study some classes of topological spaces and their continuous functions by means of discrete approximations. In this work we weaken the notion of cell structure and prove that the resulting class of topological space admitting such a generalized cell structure includes non-regular spaces.
El presente artículo ofrece un recorrido por algunos de los muchos avances que el intercambio epistolar ha ido consolidando dentro de distintos escenarios bélicos contemporáneos desarrollados en Europa y América. En concreto, desde las campañas napoleónicas, en los albores del siglo XIX, hasta el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial a mediados del XX. Con ello se pretende evidenciar la importancia que jugó la correspondencia durante el desarrollo de las hostilidades, mostrar su idoneidad como fuente histórica y dar cuenta de su proyección en la actualidad, gracias a importantes iniciativas emprendidas en ambos continentes y que se encuentran disponibles en la red. Para alcanzar esos objetivos se han analizado varios centenares de cartas y tarjetas postales enviadas por los combatientes en cada uno de los conflictos y que hoy día están custodiadas en instituciones europeas y americanas de primer orden. De esta manera, ha sido posible establecer cuáles fueron los temas principales sobre los que escribían y reflexionaban, así como conocer sus sensaciones ante la difícil situación que estaban experimentando. Tras la investigación realizada y debido a la perspectiva comparada, se demuestra la multiplicidad de ventajas de estas fuentes para el estudio de los enfrentamientos armados, las distintas novedades que los sistemas de correo aportaron en cada nueva guerra y la continuidad en determinados temas clave que están presentes en todos los contextos bélicos estudiados.
Motivated by the understanding of holography as realized in tensor networks, we develop a bulk procedure that can be interpreted as generating a sequence of coarse-grained holographic states. The coarse-graining procedure involves identifying degrees of freedom entangled at short distances and disentangling them. This is manifested in the bulk by a flow equation that generates a codimension-1 object, which we refer to as the holographic slice. We generalize the earlier classical construction to include bulk quantum corrections, which naturally involves the generalized entropy as a measure of the number of relevant boundary degrees of freedom. The semiclassical coarse-graining results in a flow that approaches quantum extremal surfaces such as entanglement islands that have appeared in discussions of the black hole information paradox. We also discuss the relation of the present picture to the view that the holographic dictionary works as quantum error correction.
Students should have the capability to argue about controversial science issues that are relevant to them and that impact society. These controversial issues, called socio-scientific issues (SSI), are influenced by social, ethical and moral norms. In current science education platforms, student-centred teaching strategies based on constructivism, are recommended to engage students in the construction of knowledge. Using a quantitative design, the present study sought to explore the efficacy of an argumentation-based teaching intervention about SSIs in an undergraduate classroom. It assessed students’ gains in the skill of argumentation. A one-group pre-test-post-test design was used. Data were generated through collection of students’ writing pre- and post-instruction, which was analysed using Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP). Results reveal that almost half of the students reached a high level of argumentation. Findings show the importance of teaching content through learner-centred pedagogies. Introduction of various socio-scientific case studies and practicing argumentation has positively impacted on students’ argumentation skills. This study is significant for teachers as it provides an example to replicate in their classroom and can assist science teachers to enrich teaching and learning. The study recommends improving teachers’ competence in order to promote argumentation skills among students.
Keywords: Argumentation in science, Socio-scientific Issue, Toulmin Argumentation Pattern, Genetics, Argumentation-based teaching
How to cite this article:
Anwar, N.P. 2020. The effect of socio-scientific issue (SSI) based discussion: A student-centred approach to the teaching of argumentation. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 4(2): 35-62. https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i2.76.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Education, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities