Hasil untuk "General Works"

I. A. Anisimova, E. V. Khodoreva, V. V. Shalay

The article examines the demand for the higher education system and measures of post-educational migration of university graduates at the regional level. A typology of regions of the Russian Federation is presented based on a combination of two indicators of the demand for the regional higher education system among school graduates and the migration of university graduates from these regions, which allows measuring the state of the system both at the “input” and at the “output” according to data of 2024.The authors highlight the impact of post-educational migration on the regional economies and the risks posed by the differentiation in demand for the higher education system in various regions of the Russian Federation.

David D. Zhang, Qing Pei, Shengda Zhang et al.

Abstract Outbreaks of epidemics are human ecological disasters and have caused huge losses of human life and social disturbances in human history. But their impact on human culture has never been systematically and quantitatively studied. This study hypothesizes that such gigantic human ecological pressure would have created a great need for cultural innovations. By quantitatively examining and modeling the process using the time-series of cultural innovations and human ecological–socioeconomic proxies in European history (1000–1900 CE) based on the basic principles of causal inference, the paper demonstrates that infectious disease epidemics and socioeconomic stress stimulated the flourishment of thinkers and philosophical thoughts across different philosophies in truth, knowledge, and ethics, and promoted scientific discovery/technological innovations in a macro scale. Based on the results of Poisson regression and analysis of marginal effects, when the epidemics increased by 1, the average number of philosophical thinkers increased by 0.85, and their average impact score increased by 4.04. When the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 0.1, the average number of philosophical thinkers increased by 8.9, and the average impact score increased by 29.79. The results of linear regression further show that when the epidemics increased by 1, the average scientific discoveries and technological innovations (SDTI) increased by 0.128 units; when CPI increased by 10%, the average SDTI increased by 0.15 units. Infectious disease epidemics have generally played an important role in generating cultural dynamics during the study period. The results imply that the recurrent outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic would likely lead to another thriving phase of cultural innovations.

Li Cheng, Kimberly Phillips, Xiangting He

Given the need to guarantee sustainable, high-quality preschool education and considering preschool teachers’ central role in children’s learning and growth, the effective development of preschool teachers requires serious attention. This study explored the current intention to stay and the factors predicting retention intention among 214 urban preschool teachers in China using a retention intention scale, work value scale, and workload scale. The results showed that the preschool teachers’ retention intentions were above average, with age, marital status, major, years of experience, weekly working hours, salary, working relationship with the preschool, and the type and rank of the preschool significantly influencing this intent. Educational background, qualification certificate, and job title did not affect these intentions. The results indicated that workload was negatively associated with ECTs’ retention intentions, whereas work values were positively associated. Although the interaction between overall workload and total work values was not significant, further analysis of subdimensions revealed that intrinsic values amplified the negative effect of workload on retention intentions, while extrinsic values mitigated it. No significant moderating effect was found for external rewards. The findings highlight potential avenues for improving retention intention by focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic values and alleviating teacher workload in preschools and governmental institutions. This can, ultimately, have developmental benefits for both children and ECTs.

Jun Huang, Jinggang Li, Yinxiang Ma

The thermal–hydraulic dynamics in containment are governed by a system of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). A fully implicit discretization scheme is adopted to discretize these ODEs in order to mitigate the effects of stiffness. In comparison with explicit or semi-implicit discretization schemes that are subject to Courant limits on time steps, the fully implicit discretization scheme is more suitable for a containment analysis code that focuses on predicting both short-term and long-term thermal–hydraulic parameters after an accident. This study introduces a general-purpose ODE solver for the containment analysis code. The outline of the solver is as follows: The fully implicit discrete equations lead to a large set of nonlinear equations that need to be solved using Newton’s iterative method. The partial derivative components in the Jacobi matrix are calculated by the perturbation method using finite difference approximation, which avoids the complicated derivation of partial derivatives. The scaling modification technique is incorporated into this ODE solver to deal with significant differences in unknown variable magnitudes, and the line search method is introduced to address the difficulty of obtaining an accurate root estimate with Newton’s method when the initial guess is far from the actual root. This proposed ODE solver was applied to two typical stiff ODE problems to test its stiffness-suppressed ability and to demonstrate that this proposed solver can perform calculations with a very large time step. Then, the CASSIA code, a containment analysis code developed by China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd (CNPRI), equipped with this ODE solver, was applied to the CSNI (Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations) benchmark problem and the Carolinas Virginia Tube Reactor (CVTR) test 3 problem to preliminarily demonstrate that the proposed ODE solver can perform containment thermal–hydraulic analysis correctly. This study could provide references for the development of a home-made containment analysis code.

V. I. Kashcheev

The article deals with the problem of academic environment evolution in which an antiquity historian, A.S. Shofman (1913–1993) conducted his research and taught students in different periods of his life. The author shows that Shofman’s personal qualities, such as determination, ability to work in any external conditions, considerate and, at the same time, demanding attitude to his students and colleagues, sense of humor, irony, self-deprecation, and others played an important role in his development as a scholar. It is also pointed out that fate often brought him to teachers and colleagues who facilitated his success. Different spheres of his scientific communication are studied: prominent scholars of Ancient History and Philology – his teachers at Leningrad State University; international scientific contacts with his colleagues from Macedonia and Serbia, which used to be the part of Yugoslavia, from Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia. His relationship with Russian historians and philologists from Moscow, Leningrad, Voronezh, Tomsk and Belorussian scholars from Minsk were also discussed as well as academic environment at Kazan State University, especially at the Department of World History which A.S. Shofman headed for several decades. The article reveals the influence of his scientific surroundings on his development as a scholar and on themes of his research. A.S. Shofman, in his turn, shaped the mode of activity of the Department he headed and set up a scientific school in Kazan State University well-known in the country

A. D. Parfenov

The article analyses communitarian models of cultural conservatism. The specific features of cultural conservatism as a form of conservative theory are revealed. A comparative analysis of various communitarian models for cultural conservatism is carried out, their common and specific features are identified. It is concluded that the initial communitarian principles of cultural conservatives can lead to different assessments of the role of the state in the implementation of cultural and national policies, as well as the most preferable ways of protecting and preserving values.

Song Xu, Fang-Lin Zha, Bo-Wen Huang et al.

With the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and high stability, lithium-ion batteries have been used in a large number of fields such as electric vehicles and grid scale energy storage. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of battery systems, it is important to make an accurate and rapid estimation of the state of health (SOH) of Li-ion cells. A Li-ion cell is a complex nonlinear dynamic system. The SOH of a Li-ion can not be measured directly in actual working conditions; it can only be estimated indirectly by external characteristic parameters that reflects the extent of cell aging. It is difficult to ensure the reliability of method based on a single aging feature or model. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-feature SOH estimation method that combines data-driven XGBoost and a Kalman filter. Firstly, a principal component analysis algorithm to reconstruct multiple battery aging features based on data is used, and an XGBoost online estimation model incorporating multiple features based on the reconstructed feature data is constructed. Finally, the joint optimal estimation of SOH of Li-ion cells by introducing a time-domain Kalman filter based on the real-time correction of the XGBoost model is achieved in this method. The results show that the method improves the accuracy and robustness of the estimation model and achieves a high-precision joint estimation of SOH for Li-ion cells.

Miriam Molnárová

The article is focused on the public presentation of (not only) influential persons – the aristocracy, high-ranking citizens (euergetes and benefactors) in ancient Greece in the period from the end of the 5th century BC to the 2nd century AD – through structures known as exedrae. These architectural features, located on sites that are part of the cultural heritage, can still be found in situ in the entire Eastern Mediterranean region. Presented will be case examples of exedrae and their connection to social presentation as well as the issue of the primary purpose of their construction. In conclusion, two cases of these type of structures and its fate will be mentioned in connection with its removal from the original findspot in effort to present it in a museum.

Angela Zangaro

Manuel A. Castiñeiras González

José Manuel López Torán, Dr.

El presente artículo ofrece un recorrido por algunos de los muchos avances que el intercambio epistolar ha ido consolidando dentro de distintos escenarios bélicos contemporáneos desarrollados en Europa y América. En concreto, desde las campañas napoleónicas, en los albores del siglo XIX, hasta el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial a mediados del XX. Con ello se pretende evidenciar la importancia que jugó la correspondencia durante el desarrollo de las hostilidades, mostrar su idoneidad como fuente histórica y dar cuenta de su proyección en la actualidad, gracias a importantes iniciativas emprendidas en ambos continentes y que se encuentran disponibles en la red. Para alcanzar esos objetivos se han analizado varios centenares de cartas y tarjetas postales enviadas por los combatientes en cada uno de los conflictos y que hoy día están custodiadas en instituciones europeas y americanas de primer orden. De esta manera, ha sido posible establecer cuáles fueron los temas principales sobre los que escribían y reflexionaban, así como conocer sus sensaciones ante la difícil situación que estaban experimentando. Tras la investigación realizada y debido a la perspectiva comparada, se demuestra la multiplicidad de ventajas de estas fuentes para el estudio de los enfrentamientos armados, las distintas novedades que los sistemas de correo aportaron en cada nueva guerra y la continuidad en determinados temas clave que están presentes en todos los contextos bélicos estudiados.

Nahid Parween Anwar, Muhammad Abid Ali

Students should have the capability to argue about controversial science issues that are relevant to them and that impact society. These controversial issues, called socio-scientific issues (SSI), are influenced by social, ethical and moral norms. In current science education platforms, student-centred teaching strategies based on constructivism, are recommended to engage students in the construction of knowledge. Using a quantitative design, the present study sought to explore the efficacy of an argumentation-based teaching intervention about SSIs in an undergraduate classroom. It assessed students’ gains in the skill of argumentation. A one-group pre-test-post-test design was used. Data were generated through collection of students’ writing pre- and post-instruction, which was analysed using Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP). Results reveal that almost half of the students reached a high level of argumentation. Findings show the importance of teaching content through learner-centred pedagogies. Introduction of various socio-scientific case studies and practicing argumentation has positively impacted on students’ argumentation skills. This study is significant for teachers as it provides an example to replicate in their classroom and can assist science teachers to enrich teaching and learning. The study recommends improving teachers’ competence in order to promote argumentation skills among students. Keywords: Argumentation in science, Socio-scientific Issue, Toulmin Argumentation Pattern, Genetics, Argumentation-based teaching How to cite this article: Anwar, N.P. 2020. The effect of socio-scientific issue (SSI) based discussion: A student-centred approach to the teaching of argumentation. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 4(2): 35-62. https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i2.76. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

M'Bark OUANTAR, Imane BIBI, Bouchra CHEBLI et al.

Viroids are graft and mechanically transmissible agents, disseminated through budding. A field survey was conducted, during July 2013, for citrus viroids in the Gharb region. A total of 53 samples were collected and used for inoculation of ‘Etrog’ lemon before being tested by RT-PCR for the detection of exocotris (Citrus exocortis viroid, CEVd). The results showed that CEVd was widespread in the region with an infection rate of 84.9% in the analyzed samples. After genomic sequencing, a study of the genetic diversity was conducted on three representative local isolates of CEVd. The comparison between the nucleotide sequences of Moroccan CEVd isolates revealed a genetic diversity of less than 3%.

Ana Flávia Campeiz, Marta Angélica Iossi Silva, Maria das Graças Carvalho Ferriani et al.

O adolescer como processo histórico tornou-se foco de políticas públicas, das quais destaca-se o fortalecimento dos vínculos entre os jovens e os territórios, entre elas o ProJovem Adolescente. Objetivou-se nesse estudo apreender a compreensão dos sujeitos acerca do processo saúde-doença e as vulnerabilidades nos territórios. Os territórios são espaços comunitários que expressam diferentes configurações, constituindo espaços de vida, de relações, construções e desconstruções de vínculos e que revelam significados atribuídos pelos diferentes sujeitos. O grupo de participantes foi composto por 51 adolescentes de cinco coletivos ProJovem. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários e operacionalizados Grupos de Discussão. Os dados dos questionários foram tabulados e os depoimentos foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Vislumbrou-se que a desigualdade social oriunda das contradições da relação capital-trabalho, vividas pelos adolescentes, possui impacto no processo saúde-doença e podem influir tanto na apreensão/reprodução reduzida da saúde, quanto na apropriação do direito à saúde no território sob a forma de redes de proteção formal.

Chayut Ngamkhanong, Tao Tang, Sakdirat Kaewunruen

Railway ballasted track, traditional railway track, consists of steel rails, sleepers, fastener system, ballast, sub-ballast and subgrade. Railway ballasted track has been widely used in railway system around the world. Ballast, which supports the sleepers uniformly, is highly experienced deterioration. [...]

Nureev Rustem, M.

The paper was prepared for the 80-th anniversary of publishing of John Maynard Keynes’ “General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money”. It discusses the stages of the economist’s life, the main books written prior to "The General Theory ...". Particular attention is devoted to the development issues of the monetary policy in the works of "Indian Currency and Finance", ”A Tract on Monetary Reform” and "A Treatise on Money". A special section is dedicated to the analysis of Keynes’ methodology, its logic and structure, influenced by John. E. Moore. The paper reveals the unity and the difference in approaches of A. Marshall and John M. Keynes, and explores new categories of behavioral economics and marginal analysis, which established the success of "General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money", shows the value of Keynes's theory for the further development of macroeconomics. Particular attention is paid to the popularization of Keynes's ideas from the initial interpretations of "The General Theory ..." to the neoclassical synthesis and further to neo-Keynesianism and post-Keynesianism. The paper studies the unity and the distinction between Hicks’ and American Keynesianism. Hicksian assumptions of a savings-investment function have determined the features of the IS-LM model. The contributions to the development of Keynesianism A. Hansen and P. A. Samuelson are also shown, as well as the history of the "Keynesian Cross". A comparative analysis of the neoclassical and Keynesian models of general economic equilibrium is given and analyzes the institutional reasons explaining differences between neoclassical and Keynesian paradigms. A special section is devoted to the Keynesian theory of growth, showing unity and difference of R. Harrod and E. Domar models, along with their impact on the creation of Development Economics. Simplified understanding of Keynes's legacy has caused the emergence of unorthodox Keynesianism. The paper focuses on the contributions of R. Clower and A. Leijonhufvud to grasping the role of uncertainty and expectations in the original concepts of Keynes and his contributions to the study of disequilibrium economy. Finally, we investigate the contribution of post-Keynesians (J. V. Robinson, P. Sraffa and N. Kaldor), the rise and the fall of the Phillips curve, as well as the criticism of the Keynesian doctrine given by the monetarists, adherents of supply-side economics, new classical economics, the theory of rational expectations and the public choice.

Yolanda Montegut, Ramon Bastida

<p><strong>Objecte:</strong> L’objectiu del treball és analitzar les modificacions realitzades en els Estatuts de les cooperatives per adaptar el capital social a les normes comptables i veure quins han estats els efectes econòmics de l’adaptació del capital social en la situació patrimonial i econòmica de les cooperatives.</p> <p><strong>Disseny/metodologia: </strong>Per dur a terme l’estudi s’ha demanat al Registre de Cooperatives  els Estatuts i els comptes anuals, per al període 2010-2011, de les cooperatives objecte de l’estudi. En primer lloc s’han revisat els Estatuts per veure quins articles han modificat o han introduït en relació a la nova normativa comptable. En segon lloc s’ha creat una base de dades amb els comptes anuals de les cooperatives per tal d’analitzar la situació econòmica i financera de les mateixes a través d’un anàlisi de les masses del balanç i de ràtios.</p> <p><strong>Aportacions i resultats:</strong> S’ha identificat el percentatge de cooperatives que han decidit adaptar els Estatuts a la reforma comptable i el criteri adoptat per les mateixes. Els resultats mostren que les cooperatives han adaptat majoritàriament els seus Estatuts i que els efectes de l’aplicació de les normes comptables adaptades a la NIC 32 consisteixen en una disminució del patrimoni net i un augment de l’endeutament.</p> <p><strong>Limitacions:</strong> La dificultat temporal per anar obtenint els comptes anuals i els Estatuts de les diferents cooperatives existents a Catalunya.</p> <p><strong>Implicacions pràctiques i socials:</strong> Degut a que des de 2011 totes les cooperatives espanyoles han d'aplicar les normes comptables adaptades a la NIC 32, els resultats d'aquest treball de recerca poden ser útils per a diferents grups d'interès, no solament per a les pròpies cooperatives, sinó també per altres organismes cooperatius per a què puguin realitzar les valoracions que creguin convenients i per a les entitats financeres, per tal que puguin tenir-los en compte a l'hora de prendre decisions.</p> <p><strong>Valor afegit:</strong> Degut a que actualment no hi ha massa estudis que tractin aquesta problemàtica de les cooperatives, el present estudi permet conèixer realment quins mecanismes han utilitzat les cooperatives per tal d’adaptar-se a la nova normativa comptable, i comprovar si realment aquesta reforma comptable afecta substancialment la situació patrimonial i econòmica de les mateixes.</p>

Zafra Tristancho, Sandra Liliana, Martínez Lozano, José Joaquín, Vergel Ortega, Mawency

The research is framed within the quantitative approach and mode of Feasible Project was held at the Francisco de Paula Santander, Northern Department of Santander (Colombia) University with populations of entrepreneurs, high school students, alumni and representatives of clusters different sectors of the region. The fundamental objective of the research is to design a proposed model to evaluate the social relevance in academic programs offered at the Francisco de Paula Santander (UFPS) University. Data collection was conducted through surveys, semi-structured interviews, panel, mathematician SWOT, using six sigma. The selection of indicators includes indices linking systems at national and international levels, and hierarchical multivariate analysis, principal components. The creation of the model followed different phases as a result of information analysis and includes diagnostics, measurement, analysis, improvement, monitoring and control, also contains models to analyze population projections to support decision-making. For the analysis and interpretation of information diagramming tools, capability studies, multivariate analyzes were used, analysis was carried out following model Rash through Item response theory, design of experiments and using triangulation as an element involved in obtaining multiple views of the research problem. The proposed model expected to sustain the role and social mission of the UFPS to offer knowledge producing, sharing and socializing in the innovation system in the formation of human capital for society and companies in the region. The model was validated through structural analysis.

Barbara T. Christian