Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Sergio Fernández Moreno

Resumen La influencia que el vampiro de la literatura gótica ejerce sobre la obra de Cortázar se manifiesta de forma muy evidente en dos de sus relatos: «El hijo del vampiro» y «Reunión con un círculo rojo». En este sentido, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar de qué forma los atributos del vampiro retratado por el folklore y las ficciones góticas se resignifican en cada cuento y averiguar cómo el autor recurre a estos modelos para enriquecer y reorientar el significado de ambos textos.

I. N. Buzykina

The article reviews the idea of cure or healing in Late antiquity, which was accepted by Christian tradition. According to this tradition, the healing effect is emerging simultaneously both in body and soul, and the very idea of cure or healing falls into spiritual dimension. In mediaeval Christianity this concept of healing takes its form as folklore-medicine way of theurgy, or it appears as a pure allegory or symbolic interpretation in a miracle-play, or, in alchemy. This essay is trying to discuss the early Christian concept of healing or cure from the later Christian humanistic point of view, which was presented in Hugo Rahner’s book Greek Myths and Christian Mystery, first published in 1945.

Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, Le Van Trung

Abstract The journey to another world is an archetype that exists in the forms of marvelous motifs and is also a typical narrative formula with the purpose of creating diverse versions of Vietnamese folk narratives. The archetypal journey was later reborn and expanded in medieval literature as Vietnamese culture, which has become more complex over time. With the aim of discovering the cultural identity of Vietnamese narratives using sociohistorical approaches and discussing the archetype grounded in specific contexts, this research focuses on journey motifs to the upper and lower world in folk narratives in early collections written in Han characters and in related historical and cultural bibliographies. At the same time, by analyzing the fantasy short stories in Excursive Notes on Weird Stories (Truyen ky man luc) by Nguyen Du, this study aims to discover the process of acculturation and creation of materials and motifs from folk narratives, and it discusses how these motifs have been adapted. This research reveals specific messages about the history, culture, era, voice and true identity of the medieval Vietnamese Confucian. Importantly, this study emphasizes the unification of spiritual power between folklore and Taoism and the powerful and influential competition between Taoism and Confucianism in medieval Vietnamese literature. The analysis shows that by recreating the motifs of the folk narratives, writers have built other world journeys to describe the hidden political discourses and religious conflicts in the thoughts of the human mind in the most ideal form.

Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan

Basing on an analysis of social, cultural and historical contexts with bloody war and conflicts in Vietnamese medieval times in the 15th and 16th centuries, this study focuses on the discussion of the compromise as well as the implicit conflict between indigenous folklore and imported religions from China manifested from folktales to fantasy medieval literature. At the same time, we pointed out that with strong nationalism and Buddhist-Taoist colors of thought, Vietnamese Confucian writers adapted to the traditional folktales, reconciled it with the values and the aspirations of their own culture, and created a unique “anti-Confucianism” discourse in literature. The dynamics of fantasy genre and the complex textual intersection between traditional narratives and literature will be analyzed through the special regenerated process of the archetypal journey from folktales to Vietnamese medieval fantasy short stories.

Elza P. Bakaeva

Introduction. Ursa Major is the constellation most venerated by Mongolic peoples. Goals. The article seeks to analyze related beliefs traced in folklore and collected field data, reveal key mythological characteristics, and cast light upon diachronous layers in the beliefs of Kalmyks and Oirats (Western Mongols). So, the work aims at analyzing basic Kalmyk and Oirat folklore plots dealing with origins of the Great Bear in comparison to those of other Mongolic cultures; and at examining the concept of Ursa Major against the background of some calendar rites and revered mythological images with due regard of contemporary ceremonies addressed to the constellation. Materials. Part One investigates folklore, ethnographic, and linguistic sources involved, thus focusing on the first objective declared. Part Two to be published in the next issue of the journal shall deal with the remaining tasks. Results. The paper identifies main variants of mythological texts about Ursa Major (Mong. Долоон бурхан, Долоон өвгөн, Kalm. Долан бурхн, Долан одн) existing in Kalmyk and Oirat discourses, comparing the latter to myths of other Mongolic populations. Basically, the myths narrate about seven male characters (siblings, sworn brothers, or thieves) or an ox-man. The Kalmyk plot of thieves is somewhat unique in Mongolic traditions, being rather typical for Turkic ones. The plot of ox-man Masn Mirü (or Massang) was borrowed from Tibet, though etymology of terms may tie the constellation (its emergence) to the archaic plot of day and night alternation as a chase of she-deer, and the solar theme at large.

Michalina Jaworska

Baśnie Hansa Christiana Andersena, od lat uznawane za klasykę literatury dziecięcej, nawet wśród grona zdeklarowanych czytelników pozostają do dzisiaj tak naprawdę nieznane. Wskazują na to wyniki przeprowadzonej przeze mnie ankiety na temat znajomości treści najpopularniejszych utworów Duńczyka. Odpowiedzi rodziców dzieci przedszkolnych stały się przyczynkiem do analizy najnowszych publikacji z opowieściami tego pisarza. Artykuł prezentuje wnioski płynące z porównania współczesnych wydań baśni dla dzieci z ich pierwowzorami pod kątem występowania różnic fabularnych, przede wszystkim obecności treści religijnych, szczególnie często dziś pomijanych. Kryterium doboru materiału badawczego, obejmującego 32 polskie książki czternastu różnych wydawnictw, stanowiły data publikacji (po 2000 r.) i wymóg zawierania przynajmniej jednej z trzech opowieści: Królowej Śniegu (22 teksty), Małej Syrenki (18 tekstów) lub Dzikich Łabędzi (9 tekstów). Analiza pozwoliła wskazać pewne tendencje w sposobie wprowadzania zmian w wydaniach baśni dla 4-, 5- i 6-latków, a także uwypuklić istniejący problem jawności parafrazowania. Druga część artykułu zawiera refleksje na temat upraszczania baśni na użytek dziecięcy oraz metod usuwania z nich treści uznawanych za zbyt trudne i abstrakcyjne lub smutne i traumatyczne. Całość wieńczy próba oceny zjawiska z perspektywy pedagogiczno-psychologicznej oraz wydawniczej.

B. Cercis Tanrıtanır

Family- one of the milestones of society- has been one of the concepts that has been prioritized the most in all communities. Every individual experiences socialization by taking the first step within a family. Thus, a newly-born child begins his life with his mother, father or siblings. The relations in a family play a crucial role during the entire life of a child. In this context, the relations have the potential to shape an individual’s character. The purpose of this article is to examine the fatherson relationship and exhibit how this relationship strikes the development of the son in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven by native American author Sherman Alexie and in The Red-Haired Woman by contemporary Turkish author Orhan Pamuk. A father has a substantial place in his son’s life and at the same time, he is a first-rank role model and a symbol of competence. Both authors narrate the story via a son abandoned by his father. In this regard, in both of works, it is seen that a son who grew up without his father cannot establish healthy relationships. Although, Alexie and Pamuk touch upon the same theme, Pamuk shifts both the flow of the story and the relationship between father and son by including the myths of Oedipus, Rüstem and Sührab

Jelena Korolova, Oksana Kovzele, Ilze Kacane

The paper presents a comparative analysis of some selected Latvian and Russian paremias, the bulk of which has been collected in the time period since the 1970s till nowadays in the south-eastern part of Latvia – Latgale, and studied in the context of Latvian proverbs included in folklore collections and phraseological dictionaries, as well as the archival materials of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and works by Latvian folklorists. The aim of the study is to analyse prototypical paremias from the Holy Scripture and trace the history of their existence and further development among the Latvians and the Russians in the Latgale region based on the qualitative data analysis. The conducted research allows concluding that similar worldview patterns of the Latvians and the Russians are to be searched for in Christianity. The analysed proverbs testify to the fact that culture is a unifying factor for different ethnic groups living in the same region.

U'um Qomariyah, Mukh Doyin, Zuliyanti Zuliyanti et al.

Prophetical Ethics on Folklores of Surakarta. This study aims to describe the humanism, liberation, and transcendence ethics as pillars of prophetical ethics on the folklores of Surakarta. The method of investigation used was descriptive qualitative approach by implementing critical analysis methods with the objects of the study were the folklores spread in regional of Surakarta. The collecting data methods used were a literature review, observation, and interviews and there were analyzed with several steps (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions. The result of the study was, the folklores in Surakarta regions provide prophetical values, namely (1) humanism ethics, including: big soul, caring, apologizer, helper; (2) liberation ethics, including: learning, rights fighters, glory, unity, and (3) ethics of transcendence, including: meditation, surrendered, sincerely, and obedience to leaders.

Monika Kujawska, Ingvar Svanberg

Abstract Introduction White bryony, Bryonia alba L., is a relatively little known plant in the history of folk medicine and folk botany in eastern and northern Europe. The main aim of this article is to bring together data about Bryonia alba and to summarise its cultural history and folk botanical importance in eastern and northern Europe. Nowadays, this species is considered at best as an ornamental plant, and at worst as a noxious weed. However, ethnographic and historical sources show that it used to be of magical, medicinal and ritual importance in our part of Europe. Methods A diachronic perspective was chosen in order to outline and analyse the devolution and changes in the use of B. alba, in the course of which we take into account the social, ecological and chemical aspects of the usage of this plant. We have therefore traced down and analysed published sources such as ethnographical descriptions, floras, linguistic records and topographical descriptions from northern and central-eastern Europe, particularly Scandinavia, Baltic States, Germany, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and the Balkan Peninsula. The analysed material is presented and discussed within the biocultural domains that developed in the interaction between human societies and Bryonia alba. Results and discussion Bryonia alba has many folk names in northern and central-eastern parts of Europe: some of them refer to its medicinal properties, life form, odour, or toxicity; others to its possession by the devil. As we learn, Bryonia alba was an inexpensive surrogate for mandrake (Mandragora officinarum L.) and sold as such in the discussed parts of Europe. The folklore and medicinal properties ascribed to mandrake were passed on to white bryony due to an apparent resemblance of the roots. In ethnographic descriptions, we find a mixture of booklore, i.e. written traditions, and oral traditions concerning this species. Some of this folklore must have been an alternative stories spread by swindlers who wished to sell fake mandrake roots to people. Conclusions Plant monographs and reviews of particular species tend to concentrate on the botanicals, which might have great useful potential. White bryony presents a precisely opposite example, being a plant that used to be of medicinal relevance and was furnished with symbolical meaning, and has nowadays preserved only its ornamental value among some urban and rural dwellers of northern Europe. Nonetheless, it might be considered as a part of the biocultural heritage in old, well-preserved gardens. It is still used as a medicine in some parts of the Balkan Peninsula.

Devesh Tewari, Ovidiu Samoilă, Diana Gocan et al.

Cataract is the leading reason of blindness worldwide and is defined by the presence of any lens opacities or loss of transparency. The most common symptoms of cataract are impaired vision, decreased contrast sensitivity, color disturbance, and glare. Oxidative stress is among the main mechanisms involved in the development of age-related cataract. Surgery through phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation is the most effective method for cataract treatment, however, there are chances of serious complications and irreversible loss of vision associated with the surgery. Natural compounds consisting of antioxidant or anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites can serve as potential leads for anticataract agents. In this review, we tried to document medicinal plants and plant-based natural products used for cataract treatment worldwide, which are gathered from available ethnopharmacological/ethnobotanical data. We have extensively explored a number of recognized databases like Scifinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus by using keywords and phrases such as “cataract”, “blindness”, “traditional medicine”, “ethnopharmacology”, “ethnobotany”, “herbs”, “medicinal plants”, or other relevant terms, and summarized the plants/phytoconstituents that are evaluated in different models of cataract and also tabulated 44 plants that are traditionally used in cataract in various folklore medical practices. Moreover, we also categorized the plants according to scientific studies carried out in different cataract models with their mechanisms of action.

M. G. Matlin

The author describes the experience of many years of work on the study of laughter in the Russian folk wedding. In this work, in particular, one of the forms of its embodiment in the Russian traditional and modern wedding is considered. Special attention is paid to such rites as Courtship, Visiting the groom’s house by girls, Ransoms in the bride’s house. It is shown that these and other wedding rites that require active interaction of the parties were very often at the same time laugh competitions, which clearly manifested mastery of such a type of folk eloquence, which is called balagurstvo . This competition, which was a dialogue, includes both spontaneous and stereotypical speech statements, in particular, such folklore genres as groomsman’s sayings and korilnye songs were replicas of the parties. The article proves that in the modern wedding this speech competition not only has been further developed and strengthened, but could already be implemented with the simultaneous use of oral and written speech, including official documents. Greater development in modern wedding also got not a verbal contest of parties, but action accompanying of humorous dialogue, which could use items having in the specific wedding situation a humorous meaning (for example, setting the table for guests by food waste instead of holiday treats).

Karolina Stępień

Praca poświęcona jest analizie argentyńskiej książki obrazkowej dla dzieci Amalii Boselli i Vero Gatti pt. „Los indomables pensamientos del Señor O„ („Nieposkromione myśli Pana O”) z 2013 roku. Proponuje się odczytanie historii tytułowego bohatera w odniesieniu do refleksji filozoficznych Rousseau na temat czasu i marzenia w interpretacji Pouleta, a także w oparciu o paradygmat orientacji temporalnej i wizję marzenia dziennego z perspektywy psychologicznej. Artykuł bada związek między obrazami mentalnymi głównego bohatera a jego postrzeganiem przyszłości i podejmowanymi działaniami. W miarę upływu czasu w procesie myślenia Pana O dominować zaczyna wyobraźnia antycypacyjna, przesłaniająca mu potencję nieograniczonej kreatywności z czasów dzieciństwa. Celem podróży postaci jest zwycięstwo wyobraźni twórczej. To poprzez liczne odwołania do emocjonalności i zmysłowości – zarówno w warstwie werbalnej jak i wizualnej – tekst Boselli i Gatti intensyfikuje towarzyszące każdej lekturze sensualne czytelniczego doświadczenie. Tym samym, pomimo obecnych w opowieści uproszczeń i generalizacji, otwiera się na zindywidualizowany odbiór, dziecięcy czy dorosły.

Diāna Apse

The article contains the analysis of several aspects of Professor Vassily Sinaisky’s scientific, practical and academic work, such as folklore as a legal heritage, the search for the content of justice and legal norm, preparation of the new generation of scientists and, especially, the research dedicated to legal methodology. “Legal methodology technique in relation to the general doctrine about methodology” is based on the practical course of legal science methodology lectured at the University of Latvia over the course of 20 years, which back then was a rarity in West European universities. In this book, he highlights the fact that he has shown the legal methods, their terms of use for a conducting proper research and the achievement of successful outcome. These terms are both simultaneously a technique and an art. In this work, the legal historical methods are analysed with regard to the general aspects of sources, comparison, reconstruction, etc. Besides, the book covers dogmatic rulemaking and legal comprehension methods – court, scientific and pedagogic ones. In the conclusion, the author proposes a new research subject: topics, problematic, systematics as a subject of the general legal method and in relation to the modern age requirements, especially civil rights. The number of the professor’s publications during his scientific activity in Latvia is 96, including 16 publications about legal methodology. The professor’s conclusions and the revealed content of legal methods can still be used in studies, research and practice.

Frog, Lotte Tarkka

Andrej Pleterski

There are different reasons for the fact that there had been no serious effort to withstand the Christianization of southern Slavs. One of them was the fact that in the period of their meeting both ideological systems were relatively compatible, and a division of interest was still possible. Both Christianity and paganism relatively quickly found a way to co-exist among southern Slavs, and have remained intertwined to this day.

Nicolas Templier

We show that there are primitive holomorphic modular forms f of weight two and arbitrary large level N such that $|f(z)| \gg N^{1/4}$ for some point z. Thereby we disprove a folklore conjecture that the sup-norm of such forms would be as small as $N^{o(1)}$.

Ashok Kumar Panda, Debasis Mandal

Background: Orchids are well-known for decorative and aromatic values than its medicinal properties. Jīvantī, Jīvaka, R.s.abhaka, Rāsnā, Mānakanda, Pañcagula are used in Ayurveda are said to be orchids. There are 50 species of orchids in medicine. Sikkim has identified 523 species of wild orchids so far. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the folklore medicinal use of orchids in Sikkim. Materials and Methods: To assess the traditional medicinal uses of orchid species, close contacts were made with native people particularly, traditional healers, religious leaders, nursery growers and villagers of Sikkim. The information was gathered with the help of the questionnaire and personal interviews with various knowledgeable respondents during the field visit in between August 2009 and December 2011. Results and Conclusion: We found that 36 species of orchids are used as medicines for different purposes of health. The botanical and ayurvedic name, phenology, parts used and medicinal uses of 36 orchids are presented in this paper along with its local distribution.

P. Horden

The medical writings of early medieval western Europe c. 700 – c. 1000 have often been derided for their disorganised appearance, poor Latin, nebulous conceptual framework, admixtures of magic and folklore, and general lack of those positive features that historians attribute to ancient or later medieval medicine. This paper attempts to rescue the period from its negative image. It examines a number of superficially bizarre writings so as to place them in an intellectual and sociological context, and to suggest that the presumed contrast between them and their ancient and later medieval counterparts has been wrongly drawn.