Hasil untuk "Fine Arts"

Mateus M. Tarozo, Arthur A. B. Pessa, Luciano Zunino et al.

Quantitative analysis of visual arts has recently expanded to encompass a more extensive array of artworks due to the availability of large-scale digitized art collections. Consistent with formal analyses by art historians, many of these studies highlight the significance of encoding spatial structures within artworks to enhance our understanding of visual arts. However, defining universally applicable, interpretable, and sufficiently simple units that capture the essence of paintings and their artistic styles remains challenging. Here we examine ordering patterns in pixel intensities within two-by-two partitions of images from nearly 140,000 paintings created over the past thousand years. These patterns, categorized into eleven types based on arguments of continuity and symmetry, are both universally applicable and detailed enough to correlate with low-level visual features of paintings. We uncover a universal distribution of these patterns, with consistent prevalence within groups, yet modulated across groups by a nontrivial interplay between pattern smoothness and the likelihood of identical pixel intensities. This finding provides a standardized metric for comparing paintings and styles, further establishing a scale to measure deviations from the average prevalence. Our research also shows that these simple patterns carry valuable information for identifying painting styles, though styles generally exhibit considerable variability in the prevalence of ordinal patterns. Moreover, shifts in the prevalence of these patterns reveal a trend in which artworks increasingly diverge from the average incidence over time; however, this evolution is neither smooth nor uniform, with substantial variability in pattern prevalence, particularly after the 1930s.

Zelong Liu, Yuliang Gu, Zhichao Sun et al.

Crack detection is an important task in computer vision. Despite impressive in-dataset performance, deep learning-based methods still struggle in generalizing to unseen domains. The thin structure property of cracks is usually overlooked by previous methods. In this work, we introduce CrackCue, a novel method for robust crack detection based on coarse-to-fine crack cue generation. The core concept lies on leveraging the thin structure property to generate a robust crack cue, guiding the crack detection. Specifically, we first employ a simple max-pooling and upsampling operation on the crack image. This results in a coarse crack-free background, based on which a fine crack-free background can be obtained via a reconstruction network. The difference between the original image and fine crack-free background provides a fine crack cue. This fine cue embeds robust crack prior information which is unaffected by complex backgrounds, shadow, and varied lighting. As a plug-and-play method, we incorporate the proposed CrackCue into three advanced crack detection networks. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CrackCue significantly improves the generalization ability and robustness of the baseline methods. The source code will be publicly available.

Nick Bryan-Kinns, Shuoyang Jasper Zheng, Francisco Castro et al.

Explainable AI (XAI) is concerned with how to make AI models more understandable to people. To date these explanations have predominantly been technocentric - mechanistic or productivity oriented. This paper introduces the Explainable AI for the Arts (XAIxArts) manifesto to provoke new ways of thinking about explainability and AI beyond technocentric discourses. Manifestos offer a means to communicate ideas, amplify unheard voices, and foster reflection on practice. To supports the co-creation and revision of the XAIxArts manifesto we combine a World Café style discussion format with a living manifesto to question four core themes: 1) Empowerment, Inclusion, and Fairness; 2) Valuing Artistic Practice; 3) Hacking and Glitches; and 4) Openness. Through our interactive living manifesto experience we invite participants to actively engage in shaping this XIAxArts vision within the CHI community and beyond.

Roberta Shapiro

Given a surface, the fine $k$-curve graph of the surface is a graph whose vertices are simple closed essential curves and whose edges connect curves that intersect in at most $k$ points. We note that the fine $k$-curve graph is hyperbolic for all $k$ and, for $k\geq 2,$ show that it contains as induced subgraphs all countable graphs. We also show that the direct limit of this family of graphs, which we call the finitary curve graph, has diameter 2, has a contractible flag complex, contains every countable graph as an induced subgraph, and has as its automorphism group the homeomorphism group of the surface. Finally, we explore some finite graphs that are not induced subgraphs of fine curve graphs.

Zetong Liu, Hui Zeng, Junming Chen

The <i>Guanyin/Madonna and Child</i> painting, housed in the British Museum, exemplifies a distinct amalgamation of Catholic and Buddhist elements. This academic study explores the religious syncretism within this artwork, set against the backdrop of Sino-Western cultural dynamics. By integrating socio-religious analysis with iconographic methods, this research highlighted the interplay between the two religious traditions and the broader trends of cultural adaptation and religious amalgamation. It was proposed that the painting, on display at the British Museum, reflects not only the European depiction of the <i>Madonna of Humility</i> but also the Jesuit missionary influence and the clandestine religious practices of Chinese Christians during periods of persecution. This investigation provided new perspectives on the nuances of religious syncretism and the evolution of religious imagery within the contexts of cultural exchanges and missionary initiatives, augmenting scholarly discussions on the dynamics between religious beliefs and societal frameworks.

Katherine Williams Booth

In this paper, we consider the automorphisms of fine curve graphs restricted to continuously $k$-differentiable curves. We show that for closed surfaces with genus at least 2, they are induced by homeomorphisms of the surface.

Mathav Raj J, Kushala VM, Harikrishna Warrier et al.

There is a compelling necessity from enterprises for fine tuning LLMs (Large Language Models) o get them trained on proprietary domain knowledge. The challenge is to imbibe the LLMs with domain specific knowledge using the most optimial resource and cost and in the best possible time. Many enterprises rely on RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) which does not need LLMs to be ine-tuned but they are limited by the quality of vector databases and their retrieval capabilities rather than the intrinsic capabilities of the LLMs themselves. In our current work we focus on fine tuning LLaMA, an open source LLM using proprietary documents and code from an enterprise repository and use the fine tuned models to evaluate the quality of responses. As part of this work, we aim to guide beginners on how to start with fine tuning an LLM for documentation and code by making educated guesses on size of GPU required and options that are available for formatting the data. We also propose pre processing recipes for both documentation and code to prepare dataset in different formats. The proposed methods of data preparation for document datasets are forming paragraph chunks, forming question and answer pairs and forming keyword and paragraph chunk pairs. For code dataset we propose forming summary and function pairs. Further, we qualitatively evaluate the results of the models for domain specific queries. Finally, we also propose practical guidelines and recommendations for fine tuning LLMs.

Yusro Edy Nugroho, Sahid Teguh Widodo, Wasino et al.

Colonialism has turned the gender relations in Java into something considerably complex. Through marriage, women were positioned to promote the harmonization of strategic politics of kingdoms. Such a condition results in many studies on several Javanese literary works of Wulang Putri. This research investigates the socio- historical background of the writing of Wulang Putri in the context of the hegemony of Javanese kingdom power. A sociological, literary work in the Gramscian hegemony theory was applied in this study. All data comprised nine literary works of Wulang Putri written in the nineteenth century. The result showed the effect of the literary works in instilling the political influence of the author through a cultural discourse. Such is seen in the post-Java War demilitarization (1825–1830) to maintain the integrity of the kingdom. In addition, there are still traces of efforts to unite the Mataram dynasty through marriages between princes and princesses in four palaces.

Stefanie Schneider, Ricarda Vollmer

Throughout the history of art, the pose, as the holistic abstraction of the human body's expression, has proven to be a constant in numerous studies. However, due to the enormous amount of data that so far had to be processed by hand, its crucial role to the formulaic recapitulation of art-historical motifs since antiquity could only be highlighted selectively. This is true even for the now automated estimation of human poses, as domain-specific, sufficiently large data sets required for training computational models are either not publicly available or not indexed at a fine enough granularity. With the Poses of People in Art data set, we introduce the first openly licensed data set for estimating human poses in art and validating human pose estimators. It consists of 2,454 images from 22 art-historical depiction styles, including those that have increasingly turned away from lifelike representations of the body since the 19th century. A total of 10,749 human figures are precisely enclosed by rectangular bounding boxes, with a maximum of four per image labeled by up to 17 keypoints; among these are mainly joints such as elbows and knees. For machine learning purposes, the data set is divided into three subsets, training, validation, and testing, that follow the established JSON-based Microsoft COCO format, respectively. Each image annotation, in addition to mandatory fields, provides metadata from the art-historical online encyclopedia WikiArt. With this paper, we elaborate on the acquisition and constitution of the data set, address various application scenarios, and discuss prospects for a digitally supported art history. We show that the data set enables the investigation of body phenomena in art, whether at the level of individual figures, which can be captured in their subtleties, or entire figure constellations, whose position, distance, or proximity to one another is considered.

Will Rieger

Given the prevalence of crowd sourced labor in creating Natural Language processing datasets, these aforementioned sets have become increasingly large. For instance, the SQUAD dataset currently sits at over 80,000 records. However, because the English language is rather repetitive in structure, the distribution of word frequencies in the SQUAD dataset's contexts are relatively unchanged. By measuring each sentences distance from the co-variate distance of frequencies of all sentences in the dataset, we identify 10,500 examples that create a more uniform distribution for training. While fine-tuning ELECTRA [4] on this subset of examples reaches better performance to a model trained on all 87,000 examples. Herein we introduce a methodology for systematically pruning datasets for fine tuning reaching better out of sample performance.

Hongliang Dai, Ziqian Zeng

For the task of fine-grained entity typing (FET), due to the use of a large number of entity types, it is usually considered too costly to manually annotating a training dataset that contains an ample number of examples for each type. A common way to address this problem is to use distantly annotated training data that contains incorrect labels. However, the performance of models trained solely with such data can be limited by the errors in the automatic annotation. Recently, there are a few approaches that no longer follow this conventional way. But without using sufficient direct entity typing supervision may also cause them to yield inferior performance. In this paper, we propose a new approach that can avoid the need of creating distantly labeled data whenever there is a new type schema. We first train an entity typing model that have an extremely board type coverage by using the ultra-fine entity typing data. Then, when there is a need to produce a model for a newly designed fine-grained entity type schema. We can simply fine-tune the previously trained model with a small number of examples annotated under this schema. Experimental results show that our approach achieves outstanding performance for FET under the few-shot setting. It can also outperform state-of-the-art weak supervision based methods after fine-tuning the model with only a small size manually annotated training set.

Administrative boundaries are ubiquitous. A vital technology of power within the modern nation-state’s mode of bureaucratic governance, they carve up and abstract land and water alike into conceptual totalities that, in their simplification, render them legible to centralised administrative bodies. This is a foundational tool of state planning, the impact of which permeates all aspects of socio-economic life. These boundaries are not passive; they do not simply define a geographical area. Rather, they are selective in what they encompass and, as a result, what they include and exclude and what is rendered visible and, hence, valuable. This article describes an example of the real-world impact of this selectivity through discussion of the experiences of a community-led charity (Ardagh Community Trust) and the community group that founded it (Friends of Horfield Common). In their work to demonstrate that an administrative-boundary-spanning public green space (Horfield Common) and leisure facility (the Ardagh) was a vital community resource and hub, this article focuses on the work of Friends of Horfield Common/Ardagh Community Trust to ensure that their local community, one dissected by multiple administrative boundaries, was recognised and acknowledged when, in 2008, Bristol City Council in the UK proposed the sale of multiple publicly owned green spaces through their Parks and Green Space Strategy. Administrative boundaries played a key role in defining and determining which sites in the city were proposed for sale and in structuring the accompanying public consultation process, thereby determining which communities were recognised as communities in relation to this policy and, hence, which communities’ opinions were actively sought and heard. This article concludes by highlighting some of the potential political and economic costs attendant on reifying administrative boundaries rather than lived communities in both planning and consultation processes.

Dan Iter, David Grangier

Domain adaptation of neural networks commonly relies on three training phases: pretraining, selected data training and then fine tuning. Data selection improves target domain generalization by training further on pretraining data identified by relying on a small sample of target domain data. This work examines the benefit of data selection for language modeling and machine translation. Our experiments assess the complementarity of selection with fine tuning and result in practical recommendations: (i) selected data must be similar to the fine-tuning domain but not so much as to erode the complementary effect of fine-tuning; (ii) there is a trade-off between selecting little data for fast but limited progress or much data for slow but long lasting progress; (iii) data selection can be applied early during pretraining, with performance gains comparable to long pretraining session; (iv) data selection from domain classifiers is often more effective than the popular contrastive data selection method.

Adele Long, Dan Margalit, Anna Pham et al.

Building on work of Farb and the second author, we prove that the group of automorphisms of the fine curve graph for a surface is isomorphic to the group of homeomorphisms of the surface. This theorem is analogous to the seminal result of Ivanov that the group of automorphisms of the (classical) curve graph is isomorphic to the extended mapping class group of the corresponding surface.

Sergio Coll-Pla, Josep Lluis Ginovart, Agustí Costa Jover et al.

El Valle de Arán se caracteriza por su aislamiento, de tal manera que hoy encontramos algunas construcciones románicas poco modificadas. La arquitectura románica pirenaica se caracteriza por el uso de las bóvedas que provocan grandes deformaciones en el resto de la iglesia. En este artículo se estudia la forma actual de las bóvedas mediante estudios topográficos para localizar el punto más deformado y estudiar la estabilidad de la sección transversal en ese punto. El primer estudio desarrollado en la bóveda es una topografía para encontrar el punto de bóveda más deformado. A partir de este punto se desplegará y estudiará una sección vertical a través de la línea de máxima presión. Los resultados concretarán el tipo de bóveda con que se construyeron las iglesias y nos permitirán conocer si estas son estables a la vez que reafirmaran la unidad formal y constructiva del primer románico.

Lambert Baij, Chun Liu, Jesse Buijs et al.

Abstract Evolon $$^\circledR$$ ® CR is increasingly used in paintings conservation for varnish removal from oil paintings. Its key benefits over traditional cotton swabs are limiting solvent exposure and reducing mechanical action on the paint surface. However, this non-woven microfilament textile was not originally engineered for conservation use and little is known about its chemical stability towards organic solvents. Moreover, the physical processes of solvent loading and release by Evolon $$^\circledR$$ ® CR, as well as solvent retention inside paint after cleaning, have not been studied. These three topics were investigated using a multi-analytical approach, aiming for an improved understanding and optimized use of Evolon $$^\circledR$$ ® CR for varnish removal. Our results show that the tissue is generally chemically and physically stable to organic solvents when exposed on timescales that are typical in conservation practice. However, a pre-treatment step of Evolon $$^\circledR$$ ® CR is necessary to avoid the release of unwanted saturated fatty acids into the paint during varnish removal. We show that the primary mechanism of solvent uptake by the fibers is adsorption rather than absorption and that the dominant factor dictating the maximum solvent load is the volume of the voids between the fibers. Finally, solvent induced dynamics after application of solvent-loaded Evolon $$^\circledR$$ ® CR within the paint film was monitored using portable laser speckle imaging on model paints. A method to quantify solvent-retention in real-time was developed and revealed that the presence of varnish on paintings results in lower dynamics of solvents within the paint in comparison to unvarnished paint. Comparing various solvents, it was found that cleaning with acetone resulted in a roughly six-fold increase in dynamics compared to ethanol and isopropanol.

Ingvild Hammervoll

Mellom 1892 og 1901 var Gustav Vigeland på to lange opphold i Paris, i en periode som ledet opp til hans gjennombrudd. Arbeidene han slo gjennom med kan tolkes som inspirert av samtidig fransk kunst. Fra disse årene finnes flere likheter mellom Vigelands og franske Camille Claudels verk. I hvilken grad var hun en inspirasjon for Vigeland? Gjennom kontekst og utvalgte verk diskuterer artikkelen en mulig forbindelse.

Siân Adiseshiah

George Bernard Shaw’s five-part play cycle Back to Methuselah (1921) has not been fully appreciated for its utopian criticality, a criticality that offers a profound reframing of longevity and old age. That it is a utopia in dramatic (rather than prose) form, deploys an unusual mix of largely comic genres and styles, pursues eccentric ideas of Creative Evolution, and is exceptionally long and unwieldy in production has led to a mostly limited and perplexed scholarly reception from within both utopian and Shaw studies. Against this context, this article unearths the utopian potential of Back to Methuselah, where aging and longevity serve to make possible the emergence of superior human capacity, which is uniquely able to establish and sustain a better world because of the qualities acquired through extended life. In particular, it argues that taking account of the play as a utopian text—with its radical representation of old age as cumulative value—expands to include age in addition to existing progressive narratives familiar from utopian literature since Thomas More’s Utopia (1516), which fundamentally rethink identities of class, gender, race, and sexuality.

Valentino Catricalà

Vladimir Dragovic, Irina Goryuchkina

Here, we study the genesis and evolution of geometric ideas and techniques in investigations of movable singularities of algebraic ordinary differential equations. This leads us to the work of Mihailo Petrovic on algebraic differential equations and in particular his geometric ideas captured in his polygon method from the last years of the XIXth century, which have been left completely unnoticed by the experts. This concept, also developed in a bit a different direction and independently by Henry Fine, generalizes the famous Newton-Puiseux polygonal method and applies to algebraic ODEs rather than algebraic equations. Although remarkable, the Petrovic legacy has been practically neglected in the modern literature, while the situation is less severe in the case of results of Fine. Thus, we study the development of the ideas of Petrovic and Fine and their places in contemporary mathematics.