The development of information technology has not been fully utilized in science learning at vocational high schools, where conventional methods still dominate and make it difficult for students to understand concepts. This study aims to develop information technology and create a new product in the form of 2D visualization. The study employed a development approach based on the ADDIE model and focused on developing learning media for Grade 10 science subjects using animated videos. Three aspects were evaluated: feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness. The assessment of these aspects showed that students were able to improve their learning outcomes and conceptual understanding in science subjects. Based on expert evaluations, media experts provided an average score of 87%, while material experts rated it at 80%. Teacher responses reached 94%, and student responses were 94.49%. The results of the post-test stage indicated an average achievement of 92.25%, with the highest score of 100 and the lowest score of 70. These findings suggest that the use of animated videos can effectively enhance students’ learning outcomes and conceptual understanding. It is recommended that future studies expand the method, scope of materials, and sample size to further address the lower range of student scores.
This study investigates the applicability of heutagogy to general education writing instruction, with the aim of enhancing its pedagogical quality and identifying practical challenges to its implementation. Heutagogy, a learner-centered approach grounded in the principle of self-determined learning, is based on four core principles: learner agency, self-efficacy and capability, metacognition, and reflection. These principles are particularly relevant to the improvement of general education writing, where learners are required to develop their own perspectives, engage in critical reflection, and navigate non-linear learning trajectories.</br>Within this framework, learners are redefined as autonomous agents who actively construct and revise their own learning goals and pathways. Through self-determined learning, students explore their writing processes and patterns of thinking, fostering trust in their own abilities and developing transferable authorship—an adaptable capacity for writing across diverse contexts. Instructors function as facilitators, designers, observers, and co-learners who support learners’ self-directed growth while engaging in ongoing reflective practice.</br>To fully implement self-determined learning in general education writing courses, several pedagogical challenges must be addressed: clarifying classroom power dynamics between instructors and students, restructuring systems of assessment and feedback, embedding core heutagogical values into instructional design, and reinterpreting existing writing theories. Most critically, course structures must respect individual learning trajectories and growth while fostering metacognitive awareness and reflective engagement.
This study aims to explore the development and applicability of a rubric that can effectively diagnose and foster key competencies—future-oriented thinking, collaboration, and creativity—within university-level English reading and writing courses in the rapidly changing global and glocal era. Traditional assessments in general English education have been largely focused on grammar and reading accuracy, thereby showing limitations in measuring learners’ comprehensive competencies. In this regard, the present study sought to develop a multidimensional assessment rubric based on the theory of Competency-Based Education (CBE). The development process involved literature analysis, consultation with external experts, and reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha. As a result, the designed rubric proved to be an effective tool not only for assessing learners’ self-directed writing abilities, but also for diagnosing their problem-solving ability, creative thinking, and collaborative communication skills. Therefore, this study holds significance in that it provides a foundation for promoting teacher-learner interaction as well as for functioning as an assessment tool that enhances learning motivation and improves achievement levels. Future research could further examine its long-term educational effects and the scalability of the rubric across diverse student populations and disciplinary writing contexts.
Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein that plays a pivotal role in holding sister chromatids together during cell division. Sister chromatid cohesion 3 (SCC3), constituents of cohesin complex, is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. Since the deletion of individual cohesin subunit always causes lethality, it is difficult to dissect its biological function in both mitosis and meiosis. Here, we obtained scc3 weak mutants using CRISPR-Cas9 system to explore its function during rice mitosis and meiosis. The scc3 weak mutants displayed obvious vegetative defects and complete sterility, underscoring the essential roles of SCC3 in both mitosis and meiosis. SCC3 is localized on chromatin from interphase to prometaphase in mitosis. However, in meiosis, SCC3 acts as an axial element during early prophase I and subsequently situates onto centromeric regions following the disassembly of the synaptonemal complex. The loading of SCC3 onto meiotic chromosomes depends on REC8. scc3 shows severe defects in homologous pairing and synapsis. Consequently, SCC3 functions as an axial element that is essential for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis.
Dans cet article, ce sont les mots « connaissance(s) », « compétences » et « savoir(s) » dans les programmes de langues vivantes étrangères et régionales en France, en vigueur en primaire, au collège et au lycée général, technologique et professionnel en 2022, qui sont analysés, afin de repérer si des continuités ou des ruptures conceptuelles ou représentationnelles existent d’un niveau à l’autre. Ces différents savoirs, retenus par le Ministère de l’Éducation nationale s’inscrivent dans un double contexte : celui de l’économie de la connaissance, qui pose de manière accrue l’importance de cette notion, et celui de la perspective actionnelle, au cœur du CECRL. Cette contribution propose donc une analyse du discours institutionnel autour de trois termes qui traversent les instructions officielles et dont l’ambiguïté appelle à une nécessaire clarification.
This paper examines the emerging circular economy trends in universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The circular economy is a model that aims to reduce waste and maximize the use of resources, promoting sustainable development. The study analyses UAE universities' various initiatives to adopt circular economy practices, including using renewable energy, sustainable building design, and waste reduction strategies. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities for implementing circular economy practices in universities in the UAE and highlights examples of circular economy initiatives in various universities. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for universities in the UAE to promote sustainable practices further and contribute to the circular economy movement. The findings of this study provide insights into the emerging circular economy trends in universities in the UAE and offer directions for future research in this area. The ADKAR change management can be adapted to inspire the CE initiatives of the UAE Education sector.
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The emergent spiritualities have a special and new look at man and his relationship with the Almighty God, leading to humanism in some cases. Deepak Chopra believes man has a lot of ability due to his mind and he can know God without the need for divine religions. He can also behave like God and participate in the creation of the Universe with the Almighty God and control the material world and the universe. On the other hand, Mulla Sadra considers all human abilities to be related to his Nafs (soul), which can possess abilities and dominate existence if connected to God Almighty.METHOD & FINDING: This article is a critical research answering the question of what the position of humans in the universe is. The findings of the research show that Chopra imagined that divine religions were created to nurture and develop human abilities, especially the physical type; While the purpose of divine religions is the spiritual evolution of man.CONCLUSION: Using the qualitative method in the analysis of Chopra's writings based on Mulla Sadra's views, we can draw the following conclusion: Although man is composed of two domains, Nafs (soul) and the body, his most important domain is his soul, for which, although man has abilities, his abilities are due to his connection to the Almighty God.
Abstract Background Lung cancer is a malignant tumour with the fastest increase in morbidity and mortality around the world. The clinical treatments available have significant side effects, thus it is desirable to identify alternative modalities to treat lung cancer. Shashen Maidong decoction (SMD) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for treating lung cancer in the clinic. While the key functional components (KFC) and the underlying mechanisms of SMD treating lung cancer are still unclear. Methods We propose a new integrated pharmacology model, which combines a novel node-importance calculation method and the contribution decision rate (CDR) model, to identify the KFC of SMD and to deduce their mechanisms in the treatment of lung cancer. Results The enriched effective Gene Ontology (GO) terms selected from our proposed node importance detection method could cover 97.66% of enriched GO terms of reference targets. After calculating CDR of active components in key functional network, the first 82 components covered 90.25% of the network information, which were defined as KFC. 82 KFC were subjected to functional analysis and experimental validation. 5–40 μM protocatechuic acid, 100–400 μM paeonol or caffeic acid exerted significant inhibitory activity on the proliferation of A549 cells. The results show that KFC play an important therapeutic role in the treatment of lung cancer by targeting Ras, AKT, IKK, Raf1, MEK, and NF-κB in the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, SCLC, and NSCLC signaling pathways active in lung cancer. Conclusions This study provides a methodological reference for the optimization and secondary development of TCM formulas. The strategy proposed in this study can be used to identify key compounds in the complex network and provides an operable test range for subsequent experimental verification, which greatly reduces the experimental workload.
Exploring the spatial variations and the impact of spatial and social factors on commuting behavior is vital to promote cities’ sustainable development and improve residents’ daily lives. Based on 2015 1% Population Sample Survey data in Shanghai, this study constructs an improved accessibility index to evaluate the jobs–housing spatial relationship and compares spatial variations and factors of commuting duration and commuting distance at the sub-district level by using spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial lag model, and spatial error model. In terms of spatial variations, the median commuting distance and commuting duration are 6.32 km and 28.37 min, respectively. Both of them have significant spatial autocorrelation, and the latter is higher. The high–high agglomeration areas of commuting distance scatter between the outer ring road and the outer suburbs. The high–high agglomeration areas of commuting duration are mainly distributed between the middle and the outer ring roads. In terms of affecting factors, the impacts of social factors on the commuting level are more significant than spatial factors. Ignoring the former will overestimate the effects of the latter. Commuting distance is more significantly correlated with spatial factors, and job accessibility is the most critical factor, while commuting duration is more significantly associated with social factors, and education level is the essential factor. There is significant intra-urban heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation of commuting distance and duration in the metropolis. Social factors are more influential than spatial factors on commuting behavior.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
February 2021 marked 50 years since Dr Julian Tudor Hart’s landmark paper described the ‘Inverse Care Law’. This article explores how applicable the ‘Inverse Care Law’ is today. How do poverty and deprivation have an impact on general practice today? We learn about the health effects of smoking, obesity and age, but it is important to also understand how relevant deprivation and socioeconomic status are to the health of our patients.
Saltmarsh is a coastal ecosystem providing crucial ecosystem services, and its continued degradation and fragmentation has drawn increasing attention. However, how to effectively restore the connectivity between fragmented saltmarsh patches remains an open challenge. In this study, we developed a metric and modelling framework that prioritised saltmarsh patches for restoration. To demonstrate our approach, we simulated spatially explicit restoration schedules for Suaeda salsa patches at the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, China, using three strategies: increasing-patch-area, increasing-number-of-patches and a benchmark unrestrictive prioritization strategy. We prioritised patches for restoration based on a number of widely used graph-theoretic landscape connectivity and metapopulation capacity metrics. Our simulation results suggested the rank connectivity-importance of extant patches was correlated within the group of graph-theoretic connectivity metrics or metapopulation capacity metrics, but unrelated across group. The unrestrictive prioritization strategy clearly outperformed the strategies of increasing-patch-area and increasing-number-of-patches which returned comparable connectivity restoration outcomes. For the more effective unrestrictive prioritization strategy, there were substantial differences in the simulated priority patches between metrics that considered stepping stone effects and those did not. While the former resulted in corridor-building priority patches that led to a more connected landscape throughout the region, the latter led to local clustering. We recommend use of the total probability of connectivity (PC) among the metrics we tested due to similarity of results to other metrics and its simulation efficiency. The proposed framework is readily applicable to prioritise areas for connectivity conservation and restoration in any monospecific ecosystem at the regional scale.
Abstract Background The blue shark Prionace glauca is a highly migratory species with a circumglobal distribution. Mean movement rate, defined by the horizontal tracking distance between two data points over the duration of time, is commonly used to understand the horizontal displacement of highly migratory species across a wide range. However, the estimation of mean movement rates for blue sharks has never been conducted using a statistical model. We therefore investigated the mean movement rates using a generalized linear mixed model with data from satellite tags to estimate the range of mean movement rates for 10 blue sharks in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and to reveal the interaction of mean movement rate with several factors. Results (1) Estimations of mean movement rates for the 10 blue sharks were significantly influenced by behavioral differences among individuals; (2) uncertainty in the estimation (i.e., predictive and confidence intervals) of mean movement rates for these blue sharks was larger over shorter time periods, and (3) the predictive intervals of mean movement rates for the sharks ranged widely from 0.33 to 5.02 km/h. Conclusion Blue sharks are considered to opportunistically change their mean movement rates regardless of differences in sex, movement direction, or season.