Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Aleksandra Kamińska-Witkowska

This article aims to evaluate the level of awareness regarding environmental waste in a manufacturing company, as perceived by its environmental experts, and to examine how this awareness translates into specific actions taken by the organization to minimize such waste. Additionally, the article aimed to assess the level of understanding of the Green Lean concept among the surveyed environmental experts. The research was conducted as an auditorium survey among 44 environmental experts employed in one of the largest manufacturing companies in Poland, specifically in one of the factories, operating in the automotive industry. The level of awareness of environmental waste in the company was assessed as moderate to high, while the level of understanding the Green Lean concept among environmental experts is low. The article is a valuable source of guidelines for manufacturing companies on numerous practices aimed at combating environmental waste. These practices can be adopted by other organizations, with particular emphasis on three levels: infrastructure solutions, organizational activities and communication actions. Moreover, the article proves that even in an experienced and mature organization in terms of environmental and energy management, the seemingly popular concept of Green Lean may not be widely known. As the study was conducted in a single organization, its findings may not be fully generalizable to other contexts. Moreover, the use of self-reported data introduces a potential risk of respondent bias. Future research may focus on developing tools to measure Green Lean awareness and maturity in line with ISO 14000, assessing the impact of implementations on environmental performance, and comparisons between industries and SMEs. So far, there is no empirical research on the awareness of environmental waste and Green Lean concept in organizations in the literature on the subject and this gap is about to be filled by this article.

Eduard Hromada, Klara Čermáková, Lucie Kurekova et al.

This study examines property price trends in Czech cities (2018-2023) with more than 40,000 inhabitants using EVAL software, focusing on changes from 2018 to 2023. The methodology involves automated data collection from property listings, which are analysed to shed light on market dynamics and investment returns. The results show significant price increases, particularly in economically weaker cities, with variations influenced by economic and demographic factors. In this analysis, the environmental sustainability of urban development was additionally considered, highlighting the need for integrating sustainable practices into future urban growth. Practical implications include insights for policymakers and investors regarding the sustainability of urban property markets. Social implications reflect the ethical concerns of investment strategies that exploit economic disparities. The originality of the study lies in the use of advanced software to provide granular micro-level analysis within the Czech real estate market, providing valuable insights into localised economic impacts and investment opportunities.  

Serhii Druchyn, Adam Juszczak, Jakub Rybacki

The influence of fossil fuel costs in electricity generation, as well as the impact of carbon pricing on final consumer prices, was analysed using a panel vector autoregressive model for EU countries over the period 2015–2023. It was found that increases in energy commodity prices primarily affect retail energy inflation — a 10% rise in the effective price of natural gas used in energy generation was estimated to raise inflation by 0.55 percentage points, while crude oil was associated with an increase of 0.75 percentage points. A significant impact of the EUA ETS (0.6%) was observed, which has been intensified by the energy crisis. A moderate effect on food prices was identified, whereas no second-round effects were detected in the case of core inflation. The impact of carbon pricing on the prices of industrial goods and services was found to be limited.

Monika Bąk, Przemysław Borkowski, Elżbieta Broniewicz et al.

Studies show that road investments generate both positive and negative socio-economic and environmental impacts. Social effects include improved accessibility, safety, and reduced inequality, but may also lead to increased accident rates and health concerns. A key challenge in multi-criteria analysis is the accurate identification and classification of social and environmental factors. Methods such as literature reviews, surveys, interviews, and cost-benefit analyses are used to assess these impacts and support decision-making, for example, through social impact assessments. This paper explores the difficulties in categorising various criteria as social or environmental and the implications of these classifications for evaluation processes. The authors propose a revised set of social and environmental standards for multi-criteria assessment of road investment options and examine how reclassifying certain criteria affects their relevance and validity. The study contributes to improving evaluation frameworks for infrastructure planning and supports more informed, socially aware investment decisions.

Dorota Perło, Agnieszka Piekutowska, Marzanna Poniatowicz

The aim of this study is to assess the position of young people in the labour markets of European Union countries and to identify its key determinants. The analysis addresses three objectives: evaluating youth labour market outcomes, diagnosing the main factors shaping these outcomes, and identifying the challenges for designing effective public policy interventions. The study is based on secondary data from Eurostat and other EU statistical sources.  Since the youth labour market position and its determinants can be captured by multiple rather than single indicators, we applied a model based on the PLS-SEM method. To our knowledge, this is the first application of PLS-SEM in a cross-country study of the youth labour market in the European Union, which constitutes the methodological novelty of the paper. The results indicate economic performance exerts the strongest positive impact on the position of young people, followed by education, while social exclusion negatively affects youth labour market integration. These findings highlight both expected and less intuitive patterns, offering new insights into cross-country differences. Social exclusion exerts a negative impact on the position of young people in the labour market. The proposed methodological approach and the empirical results provide an important reference point for policymakers. They may inform the development of more effective and regionally differentiated measures aimed at strengthening the integration of young people into the labour market across Europe.

Apoorva Bademi, Miriam Stevens, Isha Sura et al.

There is a projected increase in offshore wind energy generation in the United States over the next three decades, driven by legislative commitments and government funding. Like other renewable technologies, the construction of offshore wind farms has environmental impacts and spillover effects that must be assessed. Developing offshore wind as a reliable domestic energy source requires a multiregional analysis of economic and environmental effects of constructing projects along lakefronts and coastal regions. Although no commercial offshore wind farms currently operate in the United States, seven states have announced capacity commitments exceeding 28 gigawatts by 2035. This study evaluates the spatial economic and environmental impacts of planned projects by linking the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Offshore Renewables Balance-of-system Installation Tool (ORBIT) with a multiregional input-output model of the U.S. economy developed in the Virtual Industrial Ecology Lab. ORBIT provides capital investment requirements for installation, which are combined with the model to estimate economic spillover effects. Environmental impacts are assessed using a newly developed multiregional greenhouse gas emissions dataset for the U.S. to capture supply chain emissions of offshore wind construction. The five projects analyzed require 16.3 billion dollars in capital investment and generate 27.6 billion dollars in direct and indirect economic impacts across the country. Emissions results show that states active in energy generation are most affected, but impacts can be reduced by decarbonizing the grid. A carbon payback analysis indicates the projects offset construction-phase emissions in less than a year. The framework highlights which states experience the greatest spillover effects in terms of emissions and economic activity required to support offshore wind expansion.

Zeyi Liao, Guanqun Song, Ting Zhu

The technological transition of MacBook charging solutions from MagSafe to USB-C, followed by a return to MagSafe 3, encapsulates the dynamic interplay between technological advancement, environmental considerations, and economic factors. This study delves into the broad implications of these charging technology shifts, particularly focusing on the environmental repercussions associated with electronic waste and the economic impacts felt by both manufacturers and consumers. By investigating the lifecycle of these technologies - from development and market introduction through to their eventual obsolescence - this paper underscores the importance of devising strategies that not only foster technological innovation but also prioritize environmental sustainability and economic feasibility. This comprehensive analysis illuminates the crucial factors influencing the evolution of charging technologies and their wider societal and environmental implications, advocating for a balanced approach that ensures technological progress does not compromise ecological health or economic stability.

Katarzyna Mazur-Włodarczyk, Przemysław Misiurski, Małgorzata Haładewicz-Grzelak et al.

The article refers to two issues within the semantic field of the concept of ‘wenming’ – i) civilising with Chinese characteristics and ii) relating to the subject of energy - CO2 production in China. One of the dimensions of the concept of ‘civilising’ and the importance of sustainable production and consumption issues in the context of the deepening environmental degradation outlined our goal, which is to present the relationship between the civilised and the sustainable with Chinese characteristics as well as to analyse the level of CO2 pollution. The effect of the above is an attempt to explore the Chinese perception of wenming and to identify regions which are closer to the idea of eco-civilisation. Three variables were adopted for the analysis: i) CO2 emissions, ii) population in a given region, and iii) GDP in a given region. The analysis distinguished four clusters - groups of regions emerging from the dendrogram. Clusters that were isolated using the Ward method can contribute to more precise solutions to fight CO2 emissions and conduct a more appropriate policy related to the possibilities and needs for the production of energy from renewable sources.

Marcin Salamaga, Krzysztof Wąsowicz

The aim of the article is to present the construction of a tool motivating local government units (LGUs) to introduce a policy of saving energy from traditional sources and replacing it with renewable energy sources. The bonus allocation algorithm was built using econometric modelling based on the results of a survey conducted among LGUs. The survey allows for data collection, enabling the creation of energy efficiency indicators, which play a key role in the construction of the LGU bonus mechanism. The strength of the proposed tool lies in its construction based on models calculating the bonuses granted to LGUs depending on, e.g. the reduction of the pollutant emission index, the RES investment expenditure index, or the reduction in the energy consumption rate. This is the first proposal of its kind for a tool improving the energy efficiency of LGUs in Poland that was developed using the scientific method.

Sergey Masaev

A review of economic approaches showed the lack of a universal method for assessing management decisions in the face of an increasing volume of analyzed data and changing parameters of the external environment. The method of integral indicators is proposed. Integral indicators are one of the modern methods for researching the behavior of an enterprise. It provides an assessment of the impact of the external environment. It shows the ability of the enterprise to adapt to new conditions. The dynamics of the correlation indicator shows the reaction of the enterprise to the impact of external factors. The purpose of the scientific work was achieved: the optimal control of the enterprise was carried out in the conditions of changing the parameters of the external environment For this, the model of the economic object and the method of its analysis are formalized. The structure of an economic object (enterprise) is given. The characteristics of the parameters of the external environment are given. The state of an economic object (enterprise) is modeled taking into account the influence of the external environment. With the help of the software package created by the author, six optimal options for control decisions have been analyzed. The state of an economic object has been modeled depending on the state of the external environment by 5,000 parameters. The research showed significant changes in the values of the correlation of the parameters of the system and the intensity of business processes when the conditions for the functioning of the system change. The optimal control of an economic object (enterprise) is selected according to the integral indicator.

Calum Buchanan, MacKenzie Carr, Alexander Clifton et al.

We study a two-player game played on undirected graphs called {\sc Trail Trap}, which is a variant of a game known as {\sc Partizan Edge Geography}. One player starts by choosing any edge and moving a token from one endpoint to the other; the other player then chooses a different edge and does the same. Alternating turns, each player moves their token along an unused edge from its current vertex to an adjacent vertex, until one player cannot move and loses. We present an algorithm to determine which player has a winning strategy when the graph is a tree and partially characterize the trees on which a given player wins. Additionally, we show that it is NP-hard to determine if Player~2 has a winning strategy on {\sc Trail Trap} from the starting position, even for connected bipartite planar graphs with maximum degree $4$. We determine which player has a winning strategy for certain subclasses of complete bipartite graphs and grid graphs, and we propose several open problems for further study.

Chee Kian Yap, Arun Kumar Singh

This study presents a novel approach to modelling economic agents as analogous to spin states in physics, particularly the Ising model. By associating economic activity with spin orientations (up for inactivity, down for activity), the study delves into optimizing market dynamics using concepts from statistical mechanics. Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations, the aim is to maximize surplus by allowing the market to evolve freely toward equilibrium. The introduction of temperature represents the frequency of economic activities, which is crucial for optimizing consumer and producer surplus. The government's role as a temperature regulator (raising temperature to stimulate economic activity) is explored. Results from simulations and policy interventions, such as introducing a "magnetic field," are discussed, showcasing complexities in optimizing economic systems while avoiding undue control that may destabilize markets. The study provides insights into bridging concepts from physics and economics, paving the way for a deeper understanding of economic dynamics and policy interventions.

Lidia Kłos

Water is considered the most critical resource for agricultural development worldwide. The increasing extreme weather phenomena require rational management of water resources in agriculture, which is the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The article is an attempt to take on the subject of agricultural producers’[1] awareness of selected aspects of rational water management in agricultural production. For this purpose, a pilot survey was used and carried out in selected poviats (counties) in the zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerian) Voivodeship, implemented as part of the “Support for the Creation of Local Water Partnerships” project (Support for the creation of LPW, SIR, 2020). [1] The article will use the term agricultural producer - farmer interchangeably.    

Jan Sikora, Kazimierz Zimniewicz

The discussion on renewable energy sources, especially wind and solar energy, conducted in Poland reveals diverse positions among representatives of science, business, local government, and government. It is generally accepted that renewable energy sources are an important factor in limiting global warming. However, it is also emphasised that this energy absorbs high costs related to, e.g. the acquisition of rare metals used in the production of wind turbines, with the disposal of used parts. The article aims to present the opinions of representatives of science, economic practice, and authorities as an expression of behaviour toward the problem of climate warming and renewable energy. An example of expressed opinions is the discussion in the public space, which is created by publications in magazines and non-serial literature. As a result of using the method of analysis of secondary materials, the article shows the diversity of views on the subject under study. Opposing views on the causes of global warming have found that wind energy can limit global warming, but it can also cause damage to the economy, landscape, and human health. Wind energy development is determined by legal, organisational, economic, and technological obstacles that are difficult to overcome in Poland. However, the need to develop renewable energy, including wind and solar energy, is supported by 85% of Polish society.

Eugene Kharitonov, Oksana Zakharchuk, Lin Mei

This study investigates the long-term effects of temperature variations on economic growth using a data-driven approach. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we analyze global land surface temperature data from Berkeley Earth and economic indicators, including GDP and population data, from the World Bank. Our analysis reveals a significant relationship between average temperature and GDP growth, suggesting that climate variations can substantially impact economic performance. This research underscores the importance of incorporating climate factors into economic planning and policymaking, and it demonstrates the utility of machine learning in uncovering complex relationships in climate-economy studies.

Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Eva Yamila da Silva Catela, Guilherme Viegas et al.

Research on productive structures has shown that economic complexity conditions economic growth. However, little is known about which type of complexity, e.g., export or industrial complexity, matters more for regional economic growth in a large emerging country like Brazil. Brazil exports natural resources and agricultural goods, but a large share of the employment derives from services, non-tradables, and within-country manufacturing trade. Here, we use a large dataset on Brazil's formal labor market, including approximately 100 million workers and 581 industries, to reveal the patterns of export complexity, industrial complexity, and economic growth of 558 micro-regions between 2003 and 2019. Our results show that export complexity is more evenly spread than industrial complexity. Only a few -- mainly developed urban places -- have comparative advantages in sophisticated services. Regressions show that a region's industrial complexity is a significant predictor for 3-year growth prospects, but export complexity is not. Moreover, economic complexity in neighboring regions is significantly associated with economic growth. The results show export complexity does not appropriately depict Brazil's knowledge base and growth opportunities. Instead, promoting the sophistication of the heterogeneous regional industrial structures and development spillovers is a key to growth.

Volha Lazuka

This study provides new evidence on how medical care mitigates the economic consequences of health shocks for individuals and their partners. To identify causal effects, I focus on medical scientific discoveries and exploit longitudinal administrative data for Sweden, using a triple differences design. The results indicate that medical innovation strongly mitigates the negative economic consequences of health shocks for individuals and have spillover effects on their partners. These spillovers are relatively large because medical innovation compensates for partners wage losses in conditions when welfare support for caregiving is insufficient. Overall, the findings indicate that medical innovation not only produces substantial economic gains but also reduces disease-related economic inequalities.

Dimitrios Tsiotas

The study and measurement of economic resilience is ruled by high level of complexity related to the diverse structure, functionality, spatiality, and dynamics describing economic systems. Towards serving the demand of integration, this paper develops a three-dimensional index, capturing engineering, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of economic resilience that are considered separately in the current literature. The proposed index is computed on GDP data of worldwide countries, for the period 1960-2020, concerning 14 crises considered as shocks, and was found well defined in a conceptual context of its components. Its application on real-world data allows introducing a novel classification of countries in terms of economic resilience, and reveals geographical patterns and structural determinants of this attribute. Impressively enough, economic resilience appears positively related to major productivity coefficients, gravitationally driven, and depended on agricultural specialization, with high structural heterogeneity in the low class. Also, the analysis fills the literature gap by shaping the worldwide map of economic resilience, revealing geographical duality and centrifugal patterns in its geographical distribution, a relationship between diachronically good performance in economic resilience and geographical distance from the shocks origin, and a continent differentiation expressed by the specialization of America in engineering resilience, Africa and Asia in ecological and evolutionary resilience, and a relative lag of Europe and Oceania. Finally, the analysis provides insights into the effect of the 2008 on the globe and supports a further research hypothesis that political instability is a main determinant of low economic resilience, addressing avenues of further research.

Eugeniusz Kośmicki

Didier Willery, Was wächst wo? 1900 Gartenpflanzen für jeden Standort, (What grows where? 1,900 species of horticultural plants for each position in the garden), Aus dem Französischen von Sabine Hesemann, ISBN 978-3-8186-0551-3, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2018, Eugen Ulmer KG, www.ulmer.de

Ryunosuke Akiba, Anton I. Ermakov, Burkhard Militzer

The structure of the icy shells of ocean worlds is important for understanding the stability of their underlying oceans as it controls the rate at which heat can be transported outward and radiated to space. Future spacecraft exploration of the ocean worlds (e.g., by NASA's Europa Clipper mission) will allow for higher-resolution measurements of gravity and shape than currently available. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of gravity-topography admittance to the structure of icy shells in preparation for future data analysis. An analytical viscous relaxation model is used to predict admittance spectra given different shell structures determined by the temperature-dependent viscosity of a tidally heated, conductive shell. We apply these methods to the ocean worlds of Europa and Enceladus. We find that admittance is sensitive to the mechanisms of topography support at different wavelengths and estimate the required gravity performance to resolve transitions between these mechanisms. We find that the Airy isostatic model is unable to accurately describe admittance universally across all wavelengths when the shell thickness is a significant fraction of body's radius. Our models suggest that measurements of admittance at low spherical harmonic degrees are more sensitive to thick shells with high tidal dissipation, and may complement ice-penetrating radar measurements in constraining shell thickness. Finally, we find that admittance may be used to constrain the tidal dissipation within the icy shell, which would be complementary to a more demanding measurement of the tidal phase lag.