Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

Bennett T. Amaechi, Minh Tuan Do, Malgorzata Pawinska et al.

Objective: In vitro study compared the efficacy in remineralizing initial caries of dentifrice containing natural hydroxyapatite (natHAP), synthetic HAP (synHAP), and fluoride. Methods: Initial carious lesions were created on 105 bovine enamel blocks by 4-day demineralization in a microbial caries model inoculated and fed 3× daily with 10% sucrose (6 min/episode). The caries-bearing blocks were stratified across seven treatment groups (N = 15/group); 20% nat-nHAP tooth powder, 20% nat-nHAP toothpaste, 30% nat-nHAP toothpaste, 20% nat-microHAP toothpaste, 15% syn-nHAP, fluoride (1100 ppm) toothpaste (NaF), and artificial saliva (AS) were used, and the groups were subjected to 28-day remineralization using a standardized pH cycling model with a daily regimen consisting of three 2 min toothpaste slurry treatments and one 2 h acidic challenge, and AS storage for the rest of the day. Surface microhardness of each block was measured after demineralization and after remineralization. Statistical analyses were performed using a paired <i>t</i>-test and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results: All groups induced significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) remineralization. The %Rem was significantly lower for AS (9.61 ± 6.17%) than 30% nat-nHAP (29.21 ± 16.47%) and fluoride (27.05 ± 10.9%) toothpastes. There were no significant differences in %Rem among the natHAP formulations or between natHap and synHAP formulations. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, dentifrices based on natHAP or synHAP have comparable efficacy to standard fluoride toothpaste in remineralizing initial caries.

J. Webster

Shannon Gwin Mitchell, Jan Gryczynski, Donald C. Worley et al.

Background De-implementing non-effective or even harmful practices in healthcare is sometimes necessary, as has been the case with opioid prescribing in dentistry over the past decade. One approach to practice transformation is to deploy clinical decision support (CDS) tools. This qualitative study examined barriers to CDS use as part of a cluster randomized trial that aimed to decrease opioid prescribing for pain management following tooth extractions across a large dental practice. Method Twenty dental providers who took part in the larger randomized trial were purposively selected to complete a semi-structured qualitative interview. Participants represented a broad range in terms of years of practice, dental specialization, and CDS use patterns. Interviews were conducted via Zoom, audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a content analysis approach in ATLAS.ti following participation in the cluster randomized trial. Results Reasons for not using the CDS fell generally into two broad categories: unintentional (i.e., forgetting to use the CDS) and intentional. Providers who forgot to use the CDS after training and implementation either were not sure where to look for the alert on the screen or did not remember to look for it because its use was never incorporated into their workflow. Reasons for deciding not to use the CDS included feeling that it slowed down their workflow, thinking that the information it provided would not be useful, and not trusting the functionality of the system. Conclusions There were numerous, interdependent human, organizational, and technological factors that influenced the intentionally and unintentionally low CDS use rates observed in the study. Findings highlight issues to be aware of and address in future implementation efforts that utilize CDS. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03584789.

Abdullah Alshehri

Restoration of structurally compromised teeth often requires cusp coverage, yet the influence of preparation design and material type on performance remains unclear. This study evaluated the effect of cusp coverage design and hybrid resin–ceramic material on the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of partial coverage restorations in mandibular molars. Eighty extracted teeth were prepared for indirect restorations and allocated to four groups (<i>n</i> = 20) according to design, either functional cusp coverage (FC) or complete cusp coverage (CC) and material, either GC Cerasmart (CS) or VITA Enamic (EN). Restorations were bonded with dual-cure resin cement, thermocycled, and subjected to cyclic loading. Fracture load, marginal adaptation, and failure mode were evaluated (α = 0.05). CC-CS and CC-EN exhibited significantly higher fracture loads than FC-CS and FC-EN (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while no difference was found between materials within each design. For marginal adaptation, CS showed significantly greater marginal gaps than EN in both designs (<i>p</i> < 0.001). CC designs demonstrated a higher proportion of repairable failures (Type I and II), whereas EN showed more catastrophic fractures. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, cusp coverage design significantly affected fracture resistance, while material type primarily influenced marginal adaptation. Both hybrid resin–ceramics provided acceptable mechanical performance for partial coverage restorations.

Harshkant Gharote, Arati Panchbhai, Dipali Joshi

Abstract background Mast cell infiltration in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) has been drawn in to play a definitive role in initiation, progression, and symptom like burning sensation. Degranulation products of mast cells like tryptase and chymase have been studied through immunochemistry. The presence of mast cells in close to fibroblasts certainly makes them play a pivotal role in initiation of fibrogenesis in oral mucosa. As OSMF involves the oropharynx and esophagus along with the oral mucosa, the role of certain systemic factors might be considered in this spread apart from local factors. Present study was planned to identify the serum concentrations of various mast cell secretions like histamine and chymase using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, diamine oxidase (DAO), an enzyme that metabolizes histamine, was included to evaluate any correlation with serum histamine. Methods Thirty-nine participants were equally divided into 3 groups: OSMF patients, areca chewers without OSMF, and healthy controls. Serum samples collected by drawing blood were estimated for serum histamine, chymase, and diamine oxidase using ELISA kits. Results ELISA findings revealed significant differences in the serum values of histamine and chymase while concentration of serum DAO was not significant among the three groups. There was a positive correlation between histamine and DAO levels in all the groups. Conclusion Mast cell-related bioactive molecules may render a systemic effect during initiation and progression of OSMF. DAO levels may rise linearly to metabolize histamine as a physiological phenomenon.

Sonia M. Rocha-Sanchez, Elton Jeffrey North, Lilian E. Calisto et al.

No pharmacological interventions exist that can restore or preserve auditory function in the mammalian cochlea. Auditory hair cells (HCs) do not spontaneously regenerate, leading to permanent hearing loss. In non-mammalian vertebrates, HC regeneration happens through proliferation and differentiation of their clonally related supporting cells (SCs). The present study supports the potential of quinoxaline (Qx), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound, to stimulate SC proliferation in the auditory sensory epithelium, a process that may prime the tissue for future HC regeneration. We synthesized a series of Qx derivatives by introducing various substitutions, ranging from hydrophilic to lipophilic. Seventy analogs were generated and tested in vitro and in vivo. Among those, only one (Qx-100) exhibited the best medicinal chemistry profile and was further modified to expand the structure–activity relationship of the chemotype, develop additional analogs, and optimize potency, bioavailability, and in vivo efficacy. Ten new lead variants were generated. Of those, Qx-294 and Qx-301 demonstrated promising in vitro Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) profiles and were selected for further testing. Overall, both compounds were rapidly absorbed in zebrafish and mice and promoted cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo without signs of apoptosis, supporting their potential for sensory HC regeneration.

Solmaz Valizadeh, Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie, Farnaz Fotuhi Firoozabad et al.

Objectives: Understanding the anatomy of the maxillary sinus is essential for ensuring a successful surgical procedure. This study utilized CBCT to evaluate the relationship between maxillary sinus ostium characteristics, adjacent anatomical structures, and pathologies. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on CBCT images of 400 maxillary sinuses. Measurements included the height and dimensions of the ostium, as well as the length of the infundibulum. The study investigated maxillary sinus pathologies, anatomical variations, and the associations between the characteristics of the maxillary sinus ostium and adjacent anatomical structures. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson’s Chi-Square test, simple logistic regression, multiple logistic regression, and multiple linear regression models at p<0.05. Results: The mean ±SD for ostium height, size of the ostium entry, and infundibulum length were 31.08±4.99mm, 1.72±2.03 mm, and 7.81±1.73 mm, respectively. An increase in Haller cell and infundibulum length raised the risk of a mucosal membrane in the ostium area. The Ostium height was significantly higher in males (P<0.05). Mucosal thickening (MT) was considerably higher in patients with positive maxillary sinus septum (P<0.005). Infundibulum length, nasal septum deviation, and Haller cell significantly affected sinus opacity rate (P<0.001). In cases where the deviation was towards the sinuses, maxillary sinus pathologies occurred more frequently. Age and gender significantly affected MT, the mucous membrane in the ostium, and at least one sinus pathology (P<0.05). Conclusion: Maxillary sinus pathologies can be evaluated by increasing the infundibulum length and reducing the ostium size. CBCT evaluation is crucial for successful surgery and preventing complications. Accurate assessment of sinuses and nasal passages in the elderly is recommended.

Maha Ibrahim Adel, Inas Karawia

Abstract Introduction Stress may increase the susceptibility to dental caries in humans. This study aimed to assess stress levels among dental students at Pharos University in Alexandria and explore their relationship with dental caries across different academic years. Materials and methods This study was an analytical cross-sectional design, conducted among 80 first- and fifth-grade dental students at Pharos University. The participants were asked to sign an informed consent form before the study began. DESQ was used to measure the stress of dental students. Dental caries was evaluated using DMFT. Results The results found that being a female student significantly increased the self-efficacy belief category of stress (B = 1.3, P = 0.013 ). Gender did not affect faculty and administration, workload, patient treatment, clinical training, performance pressure, other/personal factors, as well as total stress (P > 0.05). Being a student in grade 5 increased the level of all categories of stress significantly when compared with students in grade 1 (B = 3.5, P = 0.000, B = 9.8, P = 0.000, B = 4.9, P = 0.000, B = 13.2, P = 0.000, B = 0.58, P = 0.017, B = 9.9, P = 0.000, B = 5.1, P = 0.000 and B = 23.6, P = 0.000 respectively). When examining the relation between stress and dental caries, it was found that self-efficacy beliefs (r = 0.2, P = 0.076) and clinical training (r = 0.081, P = 0.475) had no relation with dental caries. However, faculty and administration (r = 0.4, P = 0.001) workload (r = 0.5, P = 0.000), patient treatment (r = 0.43, P = 0.000), performance pressure (r = 0.3, P = 0.007 ) and other/personal factors (r = 0.4, p = 0.001) had a significant direct correlation with dental caries among examined dental students, and this is lead to a high significant direct relation between the total stress and dental caries (r = 0.4, P = 0.003). Conclusions Environmental stress among dental students had a significant positive effect on dental caries.

Pablo Luiz Santos Couto , Marcela de Andrade Rios

A XII Semana de Enfermagem da UNEB, campus XII, teve como tema as Potencialidades e Desafios da Atuação da Enfermagem no Brasil. O evento ocorreu entre os dias 25 a 27 de maio de 2023 no campus XII da UNEB, em Guanambi/BA. A Enfermagem é uma profissão essencial e considerada nuclear na estrutura das profissões de saúde, no Brasil e no mundo.  Por ser uma profissão que atua nas várias dimensões da saúde: na assistência, na saúde pública, na prevenção e promoção da saúde, presente em todas as fases de nossas vidas: do nascer ao morrer, confere a ela a noção sociológica, de essencialidade no âmbito das profissões.  profissão tem origem milenar e data da época em que ser enfermeiro era uma referência a quem cuidava, protegia e nutria pessoas convalescentes, idosos e deficientes. Durante séculos, a enfermagem vem formando profissionais em todo o mundo, comprometidos com a saúde e o bem-estar do ser humano. Por isso, o objetivo do evento foi de fomentar reflexões acerca da diversidade de áreas de atuação nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde, gestão sanitária, possibilitando apontar desafios, pautas, bandeiras de luta e estratégias de fortalecimento da Enfermagem enquanto profissão cuidadora e cidadã, comprometida com as transformações necessárias para a conquista de uma sociedade mais justa, solidária e equânime. Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem; Semana de Enfermagem; Potencialidades; Desafios 

H. Busscher, M. Rinastiti, W. Siswomihardjo et al.

K. Aboalshamat

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the new buzzword that is trendy in multiple branches of dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess perceptions and utilization of AI among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. This was a cross-sectional study investigating 389 dental students and dentists from 22 cities in Saudi Arabia using a validated self-reported questionnaire. A total of 49.4% of participants reported knowing what AI is; 44.5% reported having basic knowledge of AI principles, and 42.2% know of AI uses in dentistry. The most common AI information source was social media (66.07%). Out of 17 AI attitude items, 16 were scored above the midpoint. A total of 75.0% of participants agreed or strongly agreed AI will lead to major advances in dentistry. In contrast, 49.1% agreed or strongly agreed that AI could replace dentists in the future. There were no significant differences by gender or region, but students and interns had significantly higher attitude scores than did dentists. There was a widespread desire to take professional courses in dental AI use (69.7%), and some had used dental AI applications (25.4%) or taken an AI course (18.5%–20.3%). The most common barriers to dental AI use were non-availability of courses (73%) and lack of time (68.9%). Dental professionals in Saudi Arabia have moderate awareness levels and high rates of good attitudes about AI in dentistry. However, AI use in practice is limited. Incorporating AI in dental curricula is crucial due to the worldwide digital transformation.

S. Suphangul, Dinesh Rokaya, Chatruethai Kanchanasobhana et al.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has become a useful polymeric biomaterial due to its superior properties and has been increasingly used in dentistry, especially in prosthetic dentistry and dental implantology. Promising applications of PEEK in dentistry are dental implants, temporary abutment, implant-supported provisional crowns, fixed prosthesis, removable denture framework, and finger prosthesis. PEEK as a long-term provisional implant restoration has not been studied much. Hence, this review article aims to review PEEK as a long-term provisional implant restoration for applications focusing on implant dentistry. Articles published in English on PEEK biomaterial for long-term provisional implant restoration were searched in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus. Then, relevant articles were selected and included in this literature review. PEEK presents suitable properties for various implant components in implant dentistry, including temporary and long-term provisional restorations. The modifications of PEEK result in wider applications in clinical dentistry. The PEEK reinforced by 30–50% carbon fibers can be a suitable material for the various implant components in dentistry.

Kiriko Sasayama, Yasuko Momoi, Stuart Gilmour et al.

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an oral health self-care e-learning intervention for overseas workers as well as the research procedures for a future controlled trial. Methods We randomly allocated participants to either the intervention (n = 48) or control (n = 51) group. The intervention group received a standardized leaflet plus a theory-based oral health e-learning program. The control group received only the standardized leaflet. We assessed health behaviour related to fluoride toothpaste use, oral care knowledge, motivation, oral care self-efficacy, and oral health related quality of life (QoL). Chi-square and t test analyses were performed to make comparisons between the two groups. To evaluate the research process, participants in the intervention group were asked open-ended questions to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the research procedures in practice. Results A total of 82 participants (Intervention = 36, Control = 46) were included in the analysis. The dropout rate was 17.2%. The modal time taken to complete the e-learning intervention was more than 30 min (33.3%). Of the 36 respondents in the intervention group, 27 (70.4%) said that the e-learning intervention had changed their behaviour. At the three months follow-up, oral care knowledge alone was improved in the e-learning group. Conclusion This pilot study provides evidence that the theory-based self-care for oral health e-learning intervention is feasible in overseas workers. Next, this feasible and acceptable pilot study should be used with an appropriate sample size in a randomized controlled trial. Trial registration The trial protocol was registered with UMIN-CTR (ID: UMIN000045883) on 27/10/2021.

Galvin Sim Siang Lin, Shu Meng Goh, Mohd Haikal Muhamad Halil

Abstract Background The dental workforce plays a crucial role in delivering quality oral healthcare services, requiring continuous training and education to meet evolving professional demands. Understanding the impact of dental workforce training and education programmes on policy evolution is essential for refining existing policies, implementing evidence-based reforms and ensuring the growth of the dental profession. Therefore, this study protocol aims to assess the influence of dental workforce training and education programmes on policy evolution in Malaysia. Methods A mixed-method research design will be employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Stakeholder theory and policy change models will form the theoretical framework of the study. Participants from various stakeholder groups will be recruited using purposive sampling. Data collection will involve surveys and one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics, inferential analysis and thematic analysis will be used to analyse the data. Integration of quantitative and qualitative data will be used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the data. Discussion This study will shed light on factors influencing policy decisions related to dental education and workforce development in Malaysia. The findings will inform evidence-based decision-making, guide the enhancement of dental education programmes and improve the quality of oral healthcare services. Challenges related to participant recruitment and data collection should be considered, and the study’s unique contribution to the existing body of knowledge in the Malaysian context will be discussed.

Yi-wen Fan, Karla Pérez, H. Dym

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autogenous material that is derived from a person's own platelets and is used to enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration. Platelet concentrates have been applied in dermatology, pain management, sports medicine, plastic surgery, cardiac surgery, urology, and also dentistry. PRF has garnered significant interest in the dental community because of its proposed regenerative properties and its ability to aid in wound healing. PRF is proposed to have a direct effect on enhancing a patient's wound healing by suprasaturating the wound with growth factors that promote tissue healing. Clinically, PRF is easily produced chairside from the patient's own blood. The autologous nature of PRF makes it preferred over a variety of allografts used in dentistry today. Therefore, PRF has significant potential in being applicable to all areas of dentistry, including oral and maxillofacial surgeries.

A. Luke, S. Mathew, M. Altawash et al.

Lasers in dentistry began to gain popularity in the 1990s. Lasers in dentistry are used as a treatment tool or as an adjunct tool. By using the laser in the field of dentistry, the main goal is to overcome the disadvantages, which are currently being experienced in conventional dental treatment procedures. Many specialties in dentistry including oral surgery, implants, oral medicine, periodontics, pediatrics, and operative use the current new laser technology. The ability of lasers to provide minimally invasive procedures with less discomfort to the patient has been useful in the patient delivery system in dental practice. This article describes in brief on the uses of lasers in oral mucosal lesions.

Byung-Jae Song, Kee-Joon Lee, Jung-Yul Cha et al.

Distalization with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is commonly used to resolve crowding and to correct molar relationships in non-extraction cases. The purpose of this study was to quantify the treatment effects and post-treatment stability of total arch distalization with TADs in adults and thereby elucidate the clinical effect of this treatment modality. The subjects of the study were 39 adult orthodontic patients treated with total arch distalization with TADs. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were taken at pretreatment (T0), post-treatment (T1), and the retention period (T2, 29.3 ± 12.8 months) to evaluate the vertical and horizontal movement of teeth, changes of arch width and molar rotation. It was concluded that even though there was a little relapse in the anteroposterior position of the maxillary and mandibular teeth during retention, there was no obvious relapse in the facial profile. Therefore, the total arch distalization can be used in patients with a moderate amount of arch length discrepancy effectively with stable retention.

J. Hellstein, R. Adler, B. Edwards et al.

C. Coachman, Marcelo A Calamita, N. Sesma

P. Vallittu