Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Johana Marcela Reyes Jaimes, Emiliano Nicolas Gissi, María Eugenia Bonilla Ovallos

Resumen: en la última década, la academia en Colombia, como actor clave en la comprensión de fenómenos migratorios, ha orientado gran parte de su interés en el análisis de la diáspora venezolana. El presente artículo categoriza y analiza de manera critica la producción científica sobre la migración venezolana en Colombia, generada entre 2018 y 2024, mediante la metodología de revisión del estado del arte. Los resultados evidencian que la investigación en este campo se ha centrado principalmente en el estudio de la dinámica migratoria, los estudios demográficos y el impacto de la migración en el ámbito económico. Finalmente, se identifica que el abordaje teórico ha sido limitado, privilegiando explicaciones desde modelos económicos. Asimismo, se observa una escasez de estudios con metodologías participativas y de evaluaciones de impacto sobre las medidas implementadas por el Gobierno nacional, lo que representaría un aporte significativo para la construcción de políticas públicas.

Rubén Lasheras Ruiz, Edurne Jabat Torres, Izaskun Andueza Imirizaldu

La reagrupación familiar, como fenómeno ligado a las migraciones, permite el reencuentro de personas (anteriormente agrupadas en familia) tras vivir separadas geográfica y temporalmente. Este texto tiene como objetivo profundizar en los efectos de la reagrupación familiar de menores de origen extranjero en Navarra (España). A través de técnicas cualitativas (entrevistas biográficas y grupos focales), se identifican impactos tanto en personas reagrupadas como reagrupantes. Los resultados, presentados mediante una propuesta analítica en cinco etapas, destacan, primeramente, salidas impulsadas por necesidades y salpicadas de duelos, culpa e incomprensión. Posteriormente, acontecen separaciones paternofiliales prolongadas que fracturan los vínculos. La decisión de reagrupar colisiona también con requisitos legales impulsando reunificaciones de facto que engendran desprotección. Asimismo, los reencuentros rebosan extrañamientos y choques. Finalmente, durante el encaje, irrumpen obstáculos (laborales, educativos, etc.) para la revinculación y la pertenencia social. En suma, sufrimiento y condicionantes estructurales tensionan a estas familias transnacionales.

Brij Lal

Sarah Le Hir, Alexandre Cuvier, Marie-Hélène Gauthier

Paul Airiau

From the beginning of the nineteenth century, Pontifical Rome attracts more and more ecclesiastical students. They come first from Europe, then quickly from the Americas, and from the rest of the world from the 1960s. This growth corresponds to the romanization of Catholicism, which it feeds in return. It is also fueled by the creation of new ecclesiastical universities that are challenging to attract students. Studying in Rome facilitates ecclesiastical careers, providing students with useful capital for ascending the Catholic hierarchy and acculturating them to romanity.

Samantha Serrano, Denise Martin

Resumo A intersecção entre migração, violência doméstica e saúde é um assunto pouco explorado no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a violência doméstica enfrentada por mulheres migrantes bolivianas residentes em oficinas de costura domiciliares em São Paulo. Este texto é fruto de uma pesquisa etnográfica com migrantes bolivianas que trabalham ou trabalharam em oficinas na Grande São Paulo. Os dados evidenciaram a necessidade de promover campanhas contra a violência doméstica nas oficinas de costura considerando as condições únicas que muitas apresentam como espaços privados, públicos e transnacionais. A pesquisa destaca a importância do setor de saúde para promover estratégias de cuidados para trabalhadoras em oficinas e capacitar os profissionais em saúde que trabalham com essa população para reconhecer situações de violência e promover a segurança e saúde das vítimas da violência doméstica.

Lise Foisneau

Through a study of the historiography of the persecution of “Nomads” in France from 1939 to 1946, this article offers a critical analysis of methodological and thematic biases present in much historical research on the topic. Historical studies on “Nomads” have significant practical implications today: this article examines how the history of French Roma and Travellers during the Second World War was written. It shows how French institutions have relied on historical work to deny the racial character of the persecution of the so-called “Nomads”. The paper emphasizes that internment and enforced residence were not so much an absolute break but rather part of a particularly virulent moment in the long history of persecution of “Nomads” in the twentieth century in France.

Joseph Kofi Teye, Mariama Awumbila, Ebenezer Nikoi

This paper examines the challenges to the implementation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Protocol on Free Movement, with particular reference to Ghana and Sierra Leone. The paper is based on a desktop review and in-depth interviews with selected ECOWAS migrants and officials of institutions responsible for managing migration in Ghana and Sierra Leone. The findings suggest that Ghana and Sierra Leone have made modest progress in the implementation of the protocol. Apart from abolishing visa and entry requirements for 90 days, both countries have adopted the standardized ECOWAS Travel Certificate. Despite a few achievements, the following challenges affect the implementation of the free movement protocol in both countries: Policy ambiguities resulting from contradictions between national laws on employment and the ECOWAS Free Movement Protocol; harassment of migrants; migrants’ lack of travel documents; low level of knowledge about the ECOWAS protocol; resource constraints; fears of competition with immigrants, especially in Ghana; securitization of migration and migrants; weak labour market and migration information systems, economic challenges and political instability. This paper concludes that the future implementation outcomes of the ECOWAS protocol largely depend on the commitment of the member states and financial support that they receive from ECOWAS and its development partners.

Darshan Vigneswaran

All governments enforce immigration laws, but we have a limited understanding of the factors that determine how much they do so. Immigration policymakers can empower or compel officials and non-state actors to enforce immigration laws. This study suggests that non-immigration policymakers may play an equally important role — albeit in complex ways. Policies designed to control human mobility in other ways (transportation, crime control, segregation, etc.) can determine the amount of resources a given country devotes to immigration enforcement and the effectiveness of enforcement efforts. When officials ban old — or invent new — forms of movement control, they can determine how much resources are available to enforce immigration laws, whether these resources are used for immigration enforcement, and how effective they are. The study demonstrates this potential power of non-immigration policy through an in-depth analysis of South Africa’s unexpected capacity to control migration. South Africa is one of the world’s most prolific deporters of foreign nationals but not a very strong state. The study shows how decisions to ban segregation and invent new policing methods impacted the South African state’s capacity to deport foreign nationals. Using these findings, the article calls for more detailed research into the complex relationships between immigration enforcement and other movement control policies and for greater attention to heretofore neglected cases in the developing world.

Henrik Emilsson, Caroline Adolfsson

Based on 41 semi-structured interviews with young Latvians and Romanians in Malmö, Sweden, this article explores why Europeans from new European Union (EU) member states want to move to, and stay in, Sweden despite economic difficulties and underemployment. Six main factors for explaining mobility patterns are highlighted: free university education, romantic relationships, cosmopolitan lifestyle, presence of English language, idealisation of Sweden and work–life balance. We read these factors as ideas and aspirations of well-being in the ‘imagined space’ of Sweden. The findings illustrate that many young migrants do not chose to move to Sweden for short-term economic opportunities, but rather to experience a different lifestyle. In most cases, these expectations are met, although over time.

Laure Teulières

The article constitutes a critical review of the study entitled “Italian immigration in the Gers”, written in 1928 by Alphonse Dupront that had remained unpublished until 2018. It is the early writings of a student from the prestigious Ecole Normale Supérieure and someone who would later become a great historian. The article addresses immigration via a field research that he had carried out in his native region (the district of Condom). The approach is characterised by the territorial background, the closeness to the people, and the methodological choice. Alphonse Dupront develops an ingrained view in the physical geography of the Gascon rural area, he uses the categories of his time whilst developing a comprehensive approach of the subject. Far from the worrying debates and the abusive theories on immigration that tarnished several texts from those days, his study constitutes a remarkable milestone in terms of historiography to come.

Jacob Lind

Even though ethics should not be instrumentalised, discussing ethical issues with participants and gatekeepers can nevertheless lead to new knowledge. Through examples from ethnographic research among children and families fearing deportation in Birmingham, UK and Malmö, Sweden, this article reflects upon how an ethics-as-process approach can become part of the knowledge production itself in sensitive and politicised research contexts. This is a result of the ambivalent nature of ethnographic research with vulnerable groups and the article therefore encourages researchers to embrace the ambivalences of co-constructing the field, working with gatekeepers and establishing trust and consent to enable a more transparent and reflexive knowledge production. In conclusion, it is suggested that the increased politicisation of the issue of child and family migration will make necessary that researchers, who wish to embrace this ambivalence, align with the self-expressed struggle of participants to enable high-quality participatory research among these groups.

Adilson Luiz Pinto, Alexandre Semeler-Ribas, Audilio Gonzales-Aguilar et al.

This paper aims at qualifying scientific journals that are part of the listing Qualis/Capes Brazil. The site of Capes only lists a few influential international titles. Included in this list are “Information Processing & Management, Organization Knowledge and Library” but several other important titles in Information Science are not covered. Our study describes 27 scientific worldwide journals, representing the world stage in Information Science, and which for some reason are not well respected in Brazil. The influence of these international journals (which are part of Web of Science) is evidenced by measuring the power they have in the scientific field of Information Science as well as the power of major authors (Salton, Spink, Nicholas, Belkin, Saracevic, Dervin, Garfield and others). Citation index comparison with the other journals in the area and index of impact factor are also analyzed. The results highlight the importance of JASIST, Information Processing & Management, College Research Library, Journal of Documentation, ARIST, Journal Information Sciences, Information Retrieval and Library Trends, both in the matter of world representativeness and in the number of citations.

Marcos Antonio da Silva, Guillermo Alfredo Johnson, Anatólio Medeiros Arce

Este trabalho procura realizar um balanço das relações entre Brasil e Cuba no século passado e compreender a dinâmica das relações Brasil-Cuba no século XXI, considerando as percepções e ações de ambos os países. Para tanto, discute a dinâmica de aproximação e distanciamento no século XX, analisando as causas de sua baixa intensidade. Em seguida, procura assinalar que está em curso em processo de reaproximação, minado em outros momentos pelo contexto internacional e doméstico, que revela certa convergência de interesses e impulsionado pelo incremento das relações comerciais e parcerias técnicas em diversas áreas. Desta forma, pode-se considerar que, para a liderança política brasileira, as relações com Cuba fazem parte do processo de inserção na América Latina e a tentativa do exercício de uma liderança regional, como forma de impulsionar seu papel de potência emergente. No caso cubano, desde a queda do bloco soviético tal relação inscreve-se na necessidade de reconfiguração de suas Relações Internacionais (em múltiplas dimensões) e no desenvolvimento de novas parcerias.

Nadia Rodríguez Ortega

Contextualización, actualidad y futuro. Comares, Granada, 2003.

Julia Martínez-Ariño, María M. Griera, Gloria García-Romeral et al.

The aim of this paper is to explore the way in which the increase of immigrants arriving in Catalonia has changed the religious map of the region, with specific attention to the city of Barcelona. This paper will discuss the transformations that have taken place in the last 15 years and analyse not just thegrowth of Islam, but other faiths as well. One of the most relevant changes has been the steady increase in the number of places ofworship for non-Catholic religious minorities. This increase is aresult of the appearance of new religions, and the expansion ofpre-existing religions. These changes include the incorporation of new languages and traditions, the provision of new services to meet the specific needs of immigrant populations and, finally, the internal transformation of the communities doctrinal profiles.

Adam Luedtke

Yingjie Guo

The debate on Chinse cultural nationalism, as on nationalism in general, is often polarised by a number of theoretical positions, value judgements, practical concerns and methodological choices. While there is no consensus that cultural nationalism has developed into a formidable force in China, few would deny that it has been on the rise since June 4, 1989, and that it is a cultural-political movement with no parallel in the People’s Republic, except perhaps for the period following May 4, 1919. Of central concern in this special issue of PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies are the manifestations of cultural nationalism, the causation of its resurgence in post-Tiananmen China, and the ways in which it is likely to impact on China’s future development.

Ramzi N. Nasser, Kamal Abouchedid

This paper discusses factors that are contributing to the rise of what we refer to as an ethos of “academic apartheid” in Arab institutions of higher education. The paper examines the failure of these institutions to overcome their alienation from indigenous epistemology, to emancipate the education they provide from its colonial past, and to move towards the modern information age. The difficult position of Arab academics striving to rediscover, reintegrate and reorganize an epistemological framework to serve the indigenous world is also discussed. Current institutional approaches have deleterious effects on the performance of Arab academics, including arresting the process of transition to development. The paper concludes that Arab academics have a range of choices in determining how to establish a course of corrective action.

Barbara Dietz, Uwe Lebok, Pavel Polian

Since the end of the 1980s a massive emigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union (FSU) can be observed. Israel and the United States were the most important receiving countries, followed by Germany, a comparatively new immigration destination for Jews from the successor states of the USSR. One of the reasons the German Government allowed the admission of Jews from post‐Soviet states was the Jewish community’s claim that this immigration might rejuvenate the German Jewish population in the longer run. Using an index of demographic aging (Billeter’s J), the following article examines if this has actually happened. Findings suggest that immigration actually initiated a process of rejuvenation in the Jewish population in Germany. However, it was reversed during the end of the 1990s because of an unaffected low fertility.