Hasil untuk "Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology"

Oktafiah 'Afuaniyah, Lilin Budiati, Saputra Hasthi

Catur tertib pertanahan pada dasarnya dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengimplementasikan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria untuk mengembangkan perlindungan hak-hak atas tanah serta penggunaannya. Hal ini berbanding terbalik dengan kondisi yang ada di tambang batu gamping Semen A, di mana terdapat lubang galian tambang yang berdampak terhadap lingkungan. Penambangan ini menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan yang signifikan, seperti debu akibat angin kencang, peningkatan suhu udara, kebisingan dari alat berat, serta kekeringan sumber air sejak adanya tambang. Bertolak dari masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun prosedur penerapan catur tertib pertanahan keempat, yaitu tertib pemeliharaan tanah dan lingkungan hidup pada pertambangan batu gamping di Tambang Semen A. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah studi kualitatif menggunakan Soft System Methodology (SSM) dengan alat bantu Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data yang digunakan meliputi data primer berupa hasil observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi, serta data sekunder berupa laporan peneliti terdahulu, studi literatur, dan telaah regulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah prosedur dalam penerapan catur tertib pertanahan keempat, yaitu tertib pemeliharaan tanah dan lingkungan hidup pada pertambangan batu gamping di Tambang Semen A.

J. Talmadge Wright

Francisco Martin Villarreal Solis, Mario Alberto García Meza, Jose Gerardo Ignacio Gómez Romero

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la presencia del crimen organizado en las remesas en México durante la pandemia de covid-19. La hipótesis plantea que el crimen organizado ha capitalizado el incremento en los flujos de remesas como una estrategia para introducir dinero ilícito tras el cierre de fronteras. Se analizó el comportamiento de las remesas en 74 municipios de 23 áreas metropolitanas y se compararon los periodos previo y posterior a la pandemia. Los resultados muestran un aumento de 23% en las remesas en regiones con alta presencia del crimen organizado, frente a 8.47% en otras zonas urbanas.

Boris A. Kheyfets , Veronika Yu. Chernova

Глобализация потребления — принципиально новый этап современного экономического развития. Интернет и цифровые технологии стали ключевыми факторами такой глобализации. Для исследования происходящих процессов был разработан метод количественной оценки, который рассматривает как фактическую, так и потенциальную глобализацию потребления. Процесс потребительской глобализации был проанализирован на примере стран Европейского союза. Полученные результаты позволяют сделать вывод, что уровень глобализации потребителей выше в странах с высоким доходом на душу населения и большей доступностью интернет-технологий. Самые высокие темпы роста глобализации отмечены в странах с низкими показателями глобализации — среди потребителей на Кипре, в Болгарии, Греции, Словении и Румынии. Разный уровень экономического развития, а также обеспеченности инфраструктурой и информационно-коммуникационными технологиями в государствах ЕС обуславливает различия в интенсивности процессов глобализации. Оценка глобализации потребления показала, что потребители всех стран Европейского союза в 2018 г. стали более глобализированными по сравнению с 2014 г. Полученные данные позволяют с уверенностью говорить о начале нового этапа экономической глобализации, в котором важную роль играют современные технологии и потребительские сети. Результаты исследования способствуют лучшему пониманию происходящих процессов глобализации. Индекс глобализации потребления может использоваться для анализа вовлеченности потребителей в международные отношения, изучения потенциала развития этих отношений, а также исследования различий в глобализации потребления между разными странами, отдельными регионами внутри одной страны и различными социальными группами населения.

Mariapaola Riggio, Michael Mrissa, Michael Mrissa et al.

Mass timber construction systems, incorporating engineered wood products as structural elements, are gaining acceptance as a sustainable alternative to multi-story concrete or steel-frame structures. The relative novelty of these systems brings uncertainties on whether these buildings perform long-term as expected. Consequently, several structural health monitoring (SHM) projects have recently emerged to document their behavior. A wide and systematic use of this data by the mass timber industry is currently hindered by limitations of SHM programs. These limitations include scalability, difficulty of data integration, diverse strategies for data collection, scarcity of relevant data, complexity of data analysis, and limited usability of predictive tools. This perspective paper envisions the use of avatars as a Web-based layer on top of sensing devices to support SHM data and protocol interoperability, analysis, and reasoning capability and to improve life cycle management of mass timber buildings. The proposed approach supports robustness, high level and large-scale interoperability and data processing by leveraging the Web protocol stack, overcoming many limitations of conventional centralized SHM systems. The design of avatars is applied in an exemplary scenario of hygrothermal data reconstruction, and use of this data to compare different mold growth prediction models. The proposed approach demonstrates the ability of avatars to efficiently filter and enrich data from heterogeneous sensors, thus overcoming problems due to data gaps or insufficient spatial distribution of sensors. In addition, the designed avatars can provide prediction or reasoning capability about the building, thus acting as a digital twin solution to support building lifecycle management.

Svetlana V. Ryzhova

<p>The article, based on the All-Russian representative sociological survey of 2020, examines generalized trust and feelings towards Russia as active components of the emerging All-Russian identity. The article discusses the relationship between generalized trust and the emotional component of AllRussian identity. It is concluded that generalized trust (trust in people in general) can be considered as a natural prerequisite for national consolidation, since generalized trust takes an active part in the formation of the all-Russian identity and attitudes of interethnic tolerance. The negative dynamics (in the period 2015–2020) of positive feelings towards Russia, provoked in 2020 by the risks of public and personal safety in the context of the spread of COVID-19, was revealed. The study shows that positive feelings about one’s own country play a significant role in the formation of All-Russian identity. Despite its lability and elusiveness, the emotional component of All-Russian identity has sufficient power to influence the processes of national consolidation.</p>

Paweł Churski

Wprowadzenie

W. Yong, Cuihong Hao, Meicheng Shi

Sandra Rodà Vey, Nayra Llonch Molina

This article features a complete research in the area of industrial tourism; it specifically deals with the teaching approach developed by the different institutions linked to the Territorial System of the Science and Technology Museum of Catalonia (STmNACTEC, acronym of the name in Catalan). This research is done in order to stablish how all these institutions, which work to ensure the conservation and spreading of the industrial heritage, attempt to explain the industrial history to the public. The research is focused on a highly investigated academic discipline in our geographic area: the teaching approach of the cultural heritage. The study assumes that from the STmNACTEC there is a sensitivity towards the teaching approaches linked to the spread of the industrial heritage; however, this sensitivity is exclusively addressed to the scholar public (and highly connected to learning materials and teaching resources in form of dossiers) omitting the other types of target public (particularly the teaching approach of the museography). In this sense, the research intends to deal with the situation of the teaching approaches, at each of the previous mentioned institutions, which are addressed to the public (either tourists, adults, families or experts), as well as the development of their museum resources and the link among each of these institutions. The investigation concludes with a diagnosis of the current situation, at a didactic level, of each of these centres associated with the STmNACTEC.

Vlad Cristina, Ibadula Birol, Brezeanu Petre

The paper begins with a short literature review regarding the public governance concept in the EU approach and its methods for establishing a common way to manage different situations for all member states; we discovered that the problems they confront with have to do with good governance and qualitative public administration. In the second part, we developed an econometric model for three Eastern European countries and we found a strong correlation between the total revenues from taxes and social contributions and total gross debt in 2002-2014 period. We ended the paper by emphasizing the conclusions obtained.

Primanita Primanita

This article presents a case analysis of RJR Nabisco Holdings Corporation's foreign exchange management. The strategy pursued by RJR Nabisco, the two headed-hedging strategy succeded in lowering it's foreign exchange risk.

Mauro Castro-Coma, Marc Martí-Costa

Existe un creciente interés y una emergente literatura académica en los estudios urbanos sobre los comunes y su aplicación. Por un lado, destacan aquellas aportaciones que aplican al ámbito urbano, los estudios de Elinor Ostrom sobre las formas de autogestión de los recursos naturales de uso común. Por el otro, la literatura crítica sobre el neoliberalismo, las nuevas formas de acumulación por desposesión y las resistencias a ellas en forma de movimientos sociales también han abordado los comunes en la ciudad desde diferentes perspectivas de origen marxista. En este trabajo se ordenan y se analizan las contribuciones de ambas aproximaciones, sus puntos críticos, así como sus posibles complementariedades, para avanzar hacia una mejor conceptualización y una futura agenda de investigación sobre los comunes urbanos.

D. Alexandrov, Ksenia Tenisheva, Svetlana Savelyeva

Daniil Alexandrov - Candidate of Sciences in Biology, Head, Sociology of Education and Science Laboratory, National Research University-Higher School of Economics (St. Petersburg). E-mail: dalexandrov@hse.ruKsenia Tenisheva - Research Assistant, Sociology of Education and Science Laboratory, National Research University-Higher School of Economics (St. Petersburg). E-mail: tenishewa.soc@gmail.comSvetlana Savelyeva - Deputy Head, Sociology of Education and Science Laboratory, National Research University-Higher School of Economics (St. Petersburg). E-mail: ssavelieva@hse.ruAddress: 55/2 Sedova str., 192174, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.The vocational college system is regarded as a social mobility channel providing the highest profit with minimal risk. We analyze the specific features and trends of the institutional context that has developed in Russia over the last 15 years, which promote development of such channel. We discriminate between three types of colleges that have emerged after reorganization of this education level in Russia. Colleges of the three types differ in their legal status and in the way they interact with universities. We describe a social group using the through college to university educational trajectory. Its members fall in between those reproducing the qualified worker status and those reproducing the highly qualified professional status. Such people usually perform averagely at school. Having surveyed nine-graders in Saint Petersburg and in one of the districts in Leningrad region, we analyze the motives for choosing the through college to university educational trajectory and the ideas students with their parents had about benefits, costs, and risks of this pathway. It appears that geographical location plays a key role in choosing this trajectory. Opting for an alternative educational pathway is less typical of rural students dealing with much more structural constrains than their urban counterparts. Unlike in large cities, only more informed and higher-status groups make this choice in the countryside. A comparison of college systems in several countries allows to conclude that colleges in Russia represent an upward social mobility channel, just like in USA and unlike in Germany, where colleges ensure social reproduction.DOI: 10.17323/1814-9545-2015-3-66-91

P Prihantini

Sabrina Machetti, K. Kolyva

Alma Angelina Haro-Martínez, Isabel Cristina Taddei-Bringas

En el tema del desarrollo sustentable una controversia fundamental es la asignación de valor a bienes y servicios ambientales. La economía lo aborda desde dos perspectivas: el enfoque tradicional neoclásico (economía ambiental) y otra, más integral, donde confluyen distintas ciencias (economía ecológica). Este trabajo ofrece una revisión crítica de la teoría económica convencional asociada al desarrollo sustentable, asimismo, destaca la necesidad de asignar valores a los servicios ambientales para una mejor toma de decisiones, en la que se consideren las preferencias individuales y las sociales, con lo que avanzaría hacia las metas centrales del desarrollo sustentable: eficiencia económica, justicia social y sustentabilidad ecológica.

Ross D. Petty

Onookome Okome

S. Kaiser, David Michalski

Bi Lingla