Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Rita Kant

M. Madhushree, P. Vairavel, G. T. Mahesha et al.

Cellulose, a naturally occurring biopolymer, is gaining significant attention due to its versatility, abundance, and potential for sustainable applications. This paper reviews the oxidative modifications of cellulose, focusing on methods, mechanisms, and emerging applications. Oxidation introduces new functional groups into the cellulose chain, enhancing its properties for various industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications. The review categorizes oxidation into selective and nonselective processes, detailing mechanisms such as TEMPO-mediated oxidation, periodate oxidation, and the use of non-persistent nitroxyl radicals. Selective oxidation targets specific hydroxyl groups, improving properties like hydrophilicity and mechanical strength, while nonselective oxidation involves agents like nitrogen oxides and peroxides, resulting in a broader range of functional groups. The paper highlights the environmental implications of these processes, emphasizing the need for efficient water management and emission control. Advanced applications of oxidized cellulose include its use in water treatment, biomedical materials, and sustainable packaging. The review underscores the importance of optimizing oxidation techniques to enhance efficiency, reduce by-products, and achieve greater control over chemical modifications. Future research directions include exploring novel oxidants, developing environmentally benign procedures, and investigating the potential of oxidized cellulose in emerging technologies.

Maria Valéria Robles Velasco

Introduction. Hair is frequently subjected to physical and chemical treatments, such as bleaching and dyeing, which can cause significant structural damage. Environmental factors, like seawater, may further affect hair quality, but their combined impact with chemical treatments remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of artificial seawater exposure on hair that has undergone bleaching and dyeing, focusing on parameters such as combing resistance, shine, color, and protein loss. Methods. We hypothesized that seawater would exacerbate damage caused by chemical treatments. To evaluate this hypothesis, hair tresses were subjected to bleaching and blonde dyeing processes, followed by immersion in artificial seawater. Various analyses, including combability tests, colorimetric analysis, shine assessment, and protein loss quantification, were conducted. Results and Discussion. The results demonstrated that both bleaching and dyeing treatments significantly damaged the hair, as indicated by increased combing resistance, color changes, reduced shine, and protein loss. Immersion in seawater increased combing resistance in chemically treated hair but did not lead to additional protein loss. The most substantial damage was observed in the lightest dyed hair, particularly in terms of shine reduction and protein loss, highlighting the oxidative effects of these treatments. Conclusions. This study underscores the importance of protecting hair from both chemical treatments and environmental stressors like seawater. To minimize damage, it is recommended to rinse hair with fresh water after seawater exposure and use conditioning products, such as leave-in treatments or masks, to restore hair health and shine.

Youn Joo Kim, Dasom Koo

This study introduces an innovative approach to designing a customized bra to the specific needs of mastectomy patients, aiming to reduce the discrepancies in breast displacement and consequently alleviate associated pain. Through mastectomy patient interviews, recognizing the limitations of current mastectomy bras, which often fail to accommodate the unique body shapes and needs of breast cancer survivors, this research leverages Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging (3D-SI) to develop a custom-fit bra prototype. The methodology involves the analysis of body shape changes post-mastectomy and the development of a prototype bra that effectively supports prostheses while minimizing common issues such as displacement, discomfort, and skin irritation. The results showcased a pronounced reduction in breast movement in all directions with the prototype bra, further enhanced using a novel cooling textile, improving the wearer’s overall comfort. Moreover, our investigation delved into the potential of integrating MRI and 3D-SI anthropometric data in bra design. By comparing two Prototype bras with differing dimensions but identical design features, we discerned marked differences in their performance. Crucially, the Prototype bra, shaped predominantly using MRI data, reduced breast displacement and evaluated better fit compared to the bra using 3D-SI data. Results from the study indicate that the prototype significantly improves fit and wearer comfort, suggesting a promising direction for future development of mastectomy bras. The findings highlight the potential of utilizing medical imaging data in garment design to create more inclusive and considerate solutions for post-surgical care.

Mahmut-Sami Özev, Andrea Ehrmann

3D printing on textile fabrics has been investigated intensively during the last years. A critical factor is the adhesion between the printed polymer and the textile fabric, limiting the potential areas of application. Especially safety-related applications, e.g. stab-resistant textile/polymer composites, need to show reliable adhesion between both components to serve their purpose. Here we investigate the possibility of sandwiching textiles between 3D-printed layers, produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM). We show that adding nubs to the lower 3D-printed layers stabilizes the inner textile fabric and suggest future constructive improvements to further enhance the textile-polymer connection.

Xuan Yang, Yunbo Zheng, Xiaohui Liu et al.

Creatinine O-phosphate (COP) containing phosphorus and nitrogen elements was used as eco-friendly flame-retardant for lyocell/cotton blended fabric (L/C fabric). The flame retardant fabrics are prepared by a simple and effective dip-dry-cure method. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses certified that COP has been successfully grafted onto the surface of the L/C fabric and distributed evenly. Compared with the control fabric, the thermogravimetric analysis (TG) results showed that the char residue rate of the flame-retardant fabric at 800°C increased by 229% (air atmosphere), indicating that it has excellent char-forming ability. Besides, cone calorimetry results showed that the PHRR and THR values of the treated L/C fabric were reduced by 88.83% and 76.65%, respectively. The volatile pyrolysis products of the treated L/C fabric were determined by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis (TG-IR). In general, these results indicated that the L/C fabric treated with COP had high flame retardancy, excellent washing resistance and thermal stability.

ARZU Marmaralı

In this study, some dimensional and thermal comfort properties, i.e. thermal resistance, water vapor permeability, and air permeability properties of interlock fabrics knitted from different cross-section shaped polyester fibers were investigated. Four polyester yarns of different fiber cross-section shapes (hollow-round, round, triangular, and W-shape) were used to produce the samples. From the results, it was found that the triangular and W-type fibers had higher fabric density values due to the denser and closer fiber settlement. The highest bursting strength value belonged to the sample knitted from hollow-round yarn, which had also the highest yarn-breaking load value. The samples knitted from both round cross-section polyester yarns had significantly higher air permeability and thermal resistance values than the other samples due to the lower fabric density values of these fabrics. On the other hand, the water vapor permeability values of the fabrics from triangular and W-type fibers were slightly higher than the others because of their lower thicknesses.

Quentin Drouhet, Romain Barbière, Fabienne Touchard et al.

Plant fibres are promising candidates to replace synthetic fibres in polymer matrix composites. However, there is still an important issue to overcome: the poor quality of adhesion at the fibre/matrix interface. Many surface treatments of plant fibres have been developed, most of them based on non-environmentally friendly processes. In this paper, a 100% natural treatment is proposed. Hemp yarns are immersed in tap water until the natural growth of limestone beads attached to their surface occurs. The morphology analysis reveals that these calcium carbonate crystals have a nanoneedle architecture, with hemp fibres acting as nucleators for these highly ordered coral-like structures. Tensile tests on ±45° woven hemp/epoxy composites show that the presence of CaCO₃ beads improves the adhesion quality of the fibre/matrix interface and, therefore, increases Young’s modulus value.

Yanfang Xu, Yanan He, Guangbiao Xu

Kapok fiber has a large lumen with a natural waxy surface which endows it with distinct hydrophobic-oleophilic properties. Oil-impregnated kapok fibrous powder (KFP) has great potential as a lubricant carrier material. To study the oil wicking mechanism of KFP assemblies with different pore structures (interfibrous pores and the lumens), a dual-scale model was established based on Washburn capillary theory. The theoretical model was verified by capillary rise test of KFP assemblies in various packing densities ranging from 0.08 g/cm3 to 0.14 g/cm3. It was found that the experimental results have good consistency with theoretical values at low packing densities. The deviation between the experimental result and the theoretical value increases with the increase of packing density. This can be largely attributed to compression of the lumens at increased packing density, leading to the reduction of oil sorption capacity within the lumens. The outcomes of this research are believed to provide important references for the usage of fibrous powder materials as lubricant carrier.

Jihong Wang, Rongfang Yuan, Zhuqing Feng et al.

Shahril Mohamad, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Saidatul Shima Jamari et al.

Renewable fermentation feedstock from a freshly cut oil palm frond (OPF) is a promising medium for bacterial cellulose (BC) production. Herein, this study assessed its suitability as a solitary medium for the production of BC using Acetobacter xylinum 0416 in a static culture. The proximate composition and components analysis revealed up to 36.2 g/L of fermentable sugars and vital nutrients were available in OPF juice. Meanwhile, the effect of OPF juice concentration and initial pH arrangement shows that the maximum yield of BC (2.33 g/L) was obtained using 60% v/v of OPF juice concentration at initial pH 3.5 and incubated at 30℃ for 14 days. Besides, pure OPF juice showed a minimum in BC production due to the presence of inhibitory component suspected to be the lignin content. The kinetic study was elucidated for BC produced from OPF juice and compared with coconut water medium. The FT-IR and XRD spectra, and FE-SEM micrograph analysis for the BC showed the typical peaks represent in cellulose with a crystallinity index of 82.4% and threadlike microfibrils structure ranging from 35.6.5 nm to 77.5 nm. Thus, OPF juice is a solely sufficient medium that offers a positive alternative to BC production.

Salar Zohoori, Sara Shahsavari, Mahboobeh Sabzali et al.

The research aims in reinforcing viscose fabric with extracted cellulose from the palm, which has been doped with carbon mesoporous nanoparticles (CMNs), and electrospinning on the surface of viscose fabric. Hence, the palm cellulose was extracted by a chemical process in different alkaline periods and doped with various concentrations of CMNs, and the solution was electro-spun on the aluminum surface. The morphology, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance of the produced nano web was investigated, and the best condition for preparing nano web was achieved. In the next step, the best condition was the electrospinning on the surface of viscose fabric as reinforcing the viscose, and the morphology (by FESEM), tensile force, abrasion resistance, thermal analysis (DTG, TGA, and thermal conductivity), air permeability, and moisture content of the composite was investigated. The results of this study show that reinforcing viscose fabric with nano web of palm-cellulose doped with CMN have a significant influence on enhancing the properties of viscose fabric.

Gözde Ertekin, Mustafa Ertekin, Arzu Marmaralı

In this study, dimensional, physical, visual and thermal comfort properties of fabrics knitted with elastic core cotton slub yarns were analyzed. The yarn production methods (core slub yarn and conventional slub yarn) were also compared according to the fabric properties. Additionally, the influence of slub yarn production parameters (slub thickness ratio and slub length) on the previously mentioned properties were investigated. The results indicated that elastic core fabrics produced with slub length 10 mm exhibited lower spirality property than the other fabrics. Due to their higher thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity and relative water vapor permeability properties, fabrics produced with slub length 10 mm or slub thickness ratio 2.0 can be preferable for hot climate clothes without regard to yarn production techniques.

Sigitas Vėjelis, Virgilijus Skulskis, Arūnas Kremensas et al.

Raw sheep wool preparation processes are closely related to the use of environmentally harmful raw materials. To solve this problem, alternative ways of cleaning wool, often called environmentally friendly, are being sought. In this research, the possibilities of using Lithuanian wool for the production of thermal insulation materials were investigated. For this purpose, 4 tons of raw wool of different breeds of sheep was selected from various Lithuanian sheep breeders’ farms. Sources of impurities in wool were identified and the amount of fat in wool was assessed. After the initial re-selection, the wool was washed in different modes and with different detergents. The recycled and washed wool was supplied to the factory for the production of thermal insulation material.The aim of this work is to identify the main sources of wool impurities, analyze the quality of wool of different sheep breeds from different farms and evaluate the washing efficiency of different detergents and methods for different sheep breeds wool, and evaluate the quality of prepared wool raw material during different actual production processes. The results of the research provide preconditions for the improvement of thermal insulation materials of the sheep wool production and its quality management.

Meenakshi Ahirwar, B.K. Behera

Stretch woven textiles are widely employed because of their excellent elongation and recovery properties. The stretch fabrics studied in this research can be used as power stretch and action stretch sportswear fabrics. The purpose of this paper is to investigate an approach to predict the total hand value by translating the senses into numbers. Computational and artificial neural network models were developed. Five primary hand attributes softness, smoothness, fullness, stiffness, and stretchability were shortlisted that influence the fabric handle. Computational methods were used to generate primary and total hand equations based on basic mechanical parameters. To forecast primary hand values, stretch percent was used with low stress mechanical properties. The association between subjective, computational, and artificial neural network total hand values was investigated using a statistical technique. The subjective and computational hand values have a high correlation of 0.84. The subjective and artificial neural network hand values were shown to have a 0.82 correlation. The accuracy of both models’ prediction of fabric hand was found to be very high. The study finds that both models can forecast the total hand value of stretch materials with a tolerable level of accuracy.

Silviya Elanthikkal, Tania Francis, Sultan Akhtar

In this study, cellulose whiskers were extracted from an agricultural plant waste, Areca Nut Leaf Sheath, by employing a sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. The effect of hydrolysis time and temperature on the morphology, crystallinity, and degree of polymerization of the resultant cellulose particles was studied. Highly crystalline cellulose whiskers with an aspect ratio around 20 were obtained under moderate conditions of hydrolysis by maintaining the temperature at 45°C and hydrolysis time of 180 min. However, on increasing the temperature and time of hydrolysis, surface flattening of fibers was observed and aspect ratio was decreased. Isolated cellulose whiskers were found to contain traces of biosilica.

Kowalski Krzysztof, Kłonowska Magdalena, Sujka Witold et al.

This article presents a useful algorithm for designing compression products with intended and graded unit pressure along the part of the body covered with the mentioned garments. The algorithm was developed using Laplace's law and a designated experimental function describing the relationship between strength and relative elongation of knitted fabric, and the results of 3D scanning of different body parts. On this basis, two examples of products in the form of a leg sleeve and arm sleeve were designed for the treatment of lymphoedema in compression classes II and III. The presented compression product design procedure facilitates the process of designing compression garments and eliminates some errors related to this procedure.

Carlos A. F. Marques, Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior, Rui Min et al.

This paper presents the achievements and progress made on the polymer optical fiber (POF) gratings inscription in different types of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) and long period gratings (LPGs). Since the first demonstration of POFBGs in 1999, significant progress has been made where the inscription times that were higher than 1 h have been reduced to 15 ns with the application of the krypton fluoride (KrF) pulsed laser operating at 248 nm and thermal treatments such as the pre-annealing of fibers. In addition, the application of dopants such as benzyl dimethyl ketal (BDK) has provided a significant decrease of the fiber inscription time. Furthermore, such improvements lead to the possibility of inscribing POF gratings in 850 nm and 600 nm, instead of only the 1550 nm region. The progress on the inscription of different types of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) such as chirped POFBGs and phase-shifted POFBGs are also reported in this review.