Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Mihailo Škorić, Saša Petalinkar

Iwona Pałucka-Czerniak

References to the Bible in the Universal Prayer: A Research Reconnaissance The article presents the results of preliminary research devoted to the transformation of the lexicon of the universal prayer, also known as the prayer of the faithful. The focus is on the use of specific phrasemes from the Bible which appear in five collections of such prayers. Referring to the content of the Bible in the universal prayer serves many functions. It allows maintaining content coherence in the entire liturgy of the Mass, ensures a smooth transition from the Liturgy of the Word to the Liturgy of the Eucharist, and diversifies the style – it serves an aesthetic function. In the texts of the examined genre, there are direct references to the content of the readings and the Gospel for a given day. It is also possible to observe general lexical and conceptual references to the Bible, which are most strongly present in the introduction and conclusion of the prayer. The analysis of selected phrasemes from the Bible shows continuity and change in the lexical resource. The saturation of individual collections with these elements varies, which allows tracking the transformations of style and changes in phraseological connectivity.   Nawiązania do Biblii w modlitwie powszechnej. Rekonesans badawczy Artykuł przedstawia rekonesans badawczy poświęcony przekształceniom leksyki modlitwy powszechnej. Uwaga koncentruje się na wykorzystywaniu określonych frazemów pochodzących z Biblii, używanych w pięciu zbiorach modlitw powszechnych. Nawiązywanie do treści Biblii w modlitwie powszechnej pełni wiele funkcji. Pozwala utrzymać spójność treściową w całości liturgii mszy św., zapewnia płynne przejście z liturgii słowa do liturgii Eucharystii, urozmaica styl – pełni funkcję estetyczną. W tekstach badanego gatunku pojawiają się bezpośrednie nawiązania do treści czytań i Ewangelii z danego dnia. Poza tym zaobserwować można ogólne leksykalne i pojęciowe nawiązania do Biblii, które najsilniej uobecniają się we wstępie i zakończeniu modlitwy. Badanie wybranych frazemów pochodzących z Biblii ukazuje ciągłość i zmianę w zasobie leksykalnym. Nasycenie nimi poszczególnych zbiorów jest różne, co pozwala śledzić przekształcenia stylu i zmiany łączliwości frazeologicznej.

Andrew Duncan, Murray Elder, Lisa Frenkel et al.

We prove that the \emph{permutation closure} of a multiple context-free language is multiple context-free, which extends work of Okhotin and Sorokin [LATA 2020] who showed closure under \emph{cyclic shift}, and complements work of Brandstädt [1981, RAIRO Inform. Théor.] (resp. Brough \emph{et al.} [2016, Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci.]) who showed the same result for regular, context-sensitive, recursively enumerable (resp. EDT0L and ET0L) languages. In contrast to Okhotin and Sorokin who work with grammars, our proof uses restricted tree stack automata due to Denkinger [DLT 2016].

Daniel A. A. Pelsmaeker, Aron Zwaan, Casper Bach et al.

Modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) offer automated refactorings to aid programmers in developing and maintaining software. However, implementing sound automated refactorings is challenging, as refactorings may inadvertently introduce name-binding errors or cause references to resolve to incorrect declarations. To address these issues, previous work by Schäfer et al. proposed replacing concrete references with locked references to separate binding preservation from transformation. Locked references vacuously resolve to a specific declaration, and after transformation must be replaced with concrete references that also resolve to that declaration. Synthesizing these references requires a faithful inverse of the name lookup functions of the underlying language. Manually implementing such inverse lookup functions is challenging due to the complex name-binding features in modern programming languages. Instead, we propose to automatically derive this function from type system specifications written in the Statix meta-DSL. To guide the synthesis of qualified references we use scope graphs, which represent the binding structure of a program, to infer their names and discover their syntactic structure. We evaluate our approach by synthesizing concrete references for locked references in 2528 Java, 196 ChocoPy, and 49 Featherweight Generic Java test programs. Our approach yields a principled language-parametric method for synthesizing references.

Qiyuan Xu, Renxi Wang, Peixin Wang et al.

Neural Theorem Proving (NTP) employs LLMs to automate formal proofs in proof assistants. While LLMs have achieved relatively remarkable success in informal reasoning tasks using natural languages, the transition to mechanized formal theorem proving presents persistent challenges. Mechanized proof languages often contain many syntactic constructs and diverse, specialized proof tactics, which facilitate expert use but have no direct counterpart in informal mathematical proofs. These prover-specific idioms represent an additional burden for LLM-based NTPs that might be otherwise successful in generating informal proofs. Seeking to bridge this gap between formal proof construction and informal reasoning, in order to better facilitate NTP, this work approaches these challenges from a language design perspective. We look at common reasoning patterns in informal proofs and in existing mechanized proofs, and design Minilang -- a minimalist proof language that captures these reasoning patterns. In contrast to proof languages (informal and formal) that often feature a large collection of operations with unclear semantic boundaries, Minilang is deliberately kept minimalist -- its core design comprises only 10 operations, each with clear semantic distinctions. We further develop a rule-based translator from Isabelle's language (Isar) to Minilang, translating ~340K existing proofs with an ~85% success rate. Using this translated corpus, we finetune two LLMs to compare machine learning performance on Minilang versus the original Isar. Experiments show Minilang benefits the two LLMs by improving the pass@1 success rate on the PISA benchmark by up to 20/29 percentage points in comparison to the Isar-based LLMs w/wo Sledgehammer. The pass@1 rate reaches 69.1%, exceeding the prior work Baldur's pass@64 (65.7%); the pass@8 rate reaches 79.2%, exceeding the SOTA on PISA (71.0%) achieved by Magnushammer.

Dana Fisman, Noa Izsak

Cellular automata (CA) are well-studied models of decentralized parallel computation, known for their ability to exhibit complex global behavior from simple local rules. While their dynamics have been widely explored through simulations, a formal treatment of CA as genuine language generators remains underdeveloped. We formalize CA-expressible languages as sets of finite words obtained by projecting the non-quiescent segments of configurations reachable by one-dimensional, deterministic, synchronous CA over bi-infinite grids. These languages are defined with respect to sets of initial configurations specified by a regular language as in regular model checking. To capture structured dynamics, we propose a glider-based generative semantics for CA. Inspired by the classical notion of gliders, we define a glider as a one-cell entity carrying a symbol in a certain velocity under well defined interaction semantics. We show that despite the regularity of the initial configurations and the locality of the transition rules, the resulting languages can exhibit non-regular and even non-context-free structure. This positions regular-initialized CA languages as a surprisingly rich computational model, with potential applications in the formal analysis of linearly ordered MAS.

Martina Ivanová

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse differences in reflexive coding in Slovak, Czech and Polish and to evaluate the factors responsible for using phonologically more or less complex reflexive markers. To address this issue, we looked at preferred reflexive coding strategies in Slovak, Czech, and Polish, relying on data extracted from InterCorp multilingual corpus. The results are then verified by data from monolingual corpora of investigated languages for one semantic group of verbs labelled as ‘Prevarication’ in FrameNet. The results show that semantic frame underlying the meaning of lexical items cannot be the only possible explanation for distribution of reflexive markers but there are also other semantic, syntactic and pragmatic factors playing a pivotal role in reflexive coding strategies, often unique for a given language.

Ioulia Podoroga

Michael Färber

jq is a widely used tool that provides a programming language to manipulate JSON data. However, the jq language is currently only specified by its implementation, making it difficult to reason about its behaviour. To this end, we provide a formal syntax and denotational semantics for a large subset of the jq language. Our most significant contribution is to provide a new way to interpret updates that allows for more predictable and performant execution.

Anirban Majumdar, Sayan Mukherjee, Jean-François Raskin

In this paper, we revisit the active learning of timed languages recognizable by event-recording automata. Our framework employs a method known as greybox learning, which enables the learning of event-recording automata with a minimal number of control states. This approach avoids learning the region automaton associated with the language, contrasting with existing methods. We have implemented our greybox learning algorithm with various heuristics to maintain low computational complexity. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through several examples.

E. I. Krasilnikova

The article traces the dynamics of representations of the historical past of Yakutia in the publications of the monthly literary, artistic and socio-political magazine “Siberian Lights”. This issue is considered in the context of the processes of constructing the Soviet policy of memory throughout the entire period of the existence of the USSR. The relevance of the study is due to the increased attention to the specifics of historical knowledge presented in the public space, to its structures, interpretations and use for political and ideological purposes in the past and present. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that until now the history of journal representations of the past of Yakutia in the context of state policy has not become the subject of independent scientific research. The study made it possible to identify the contexts that determined the specifics of creating journal representations of the history of Yakutia. The author established and characterized five stages of this representation. It is shown how the meanings and techniques of the politics of memory that were behind the approaches to the description and characteristics of the past of Yakutia changed. It is proved that the differences between approaches to representations were determined by the tendencies of strengthening and weakening the political and ideological control of the state in the field of memory politics and nation building.

Ksenia A. Klimova, E. Uzeneva

The paper comes up with a synchronous-diachronic analysis of the linguistic situation in one of the isolated cultural and linguistic enclaves of the Balkan Peninsula: the district of Xanthi in the region of Thrace in Northern Greece, on the Bulgarian-Greek border. Here, in a remote mountainous area, live Muslim Slavs, ethnic Bulgarians, representing a minority ethnolinguistic and cultural-confessional group that has existed for a long time in a foreign language and other religious environment among Orthodox Greeks. In the historical past, this community formed a single whole with the Muslim Bulgarians who now live within the boundaries of the Republic of Bulgaria. This minority is the object of the language and cultural policy of three states: Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria. Note that the Greek authorities for a long time 1920s–1990s (excluding the period of Bulgarian rule in 1941–1944) pursued a policy of de-Bulgarization of this population. As a result, today the degree of its Turkicization (due to the influence of Islam, the study of the Koran in Turkish and the active position of Turkey) is quite high. It should be noted that the Bulgarian-speaking communities in Northern Greece are not the object of the Bulgarian language policy, which is carried out by disinterested officials and politicians who ignore the opinions and assessments of Bulgarian dialectologists and sociolinguists. The study focuses on ethnonyms and exonyms as important factors in the formation of the Pomaks' linguistic identity: the self-name of the speakers of these dialects is Pomaks, Ahryans. The ethnonym Pomaks was introduced and continues to be actively used to discuss the new Greek policy towards the Bulgarian-speaking population of Greece; the linguonym Pomaks was also formed from it. Earlier in Greece, the term Slavophones ('speakers of the Slavic language') was used, cf. new pomakophones. In the 90s of the 20th century and early 21th century a number of scientists (V. Friedman, A. D. Dulichenko, A. Ioannidou, K. Voss, M. Nomati, M. Henzelmann, K. Steinke) considered Pomak to be one of the literary microlanguages of the southern Slavia, noting that it is characterized by the diversity of the script used and poor functionality. There were appropriate grounds for this (codification, publication of dictionaries and grammar, textbooks, etc.). But the impetus for the “creation” of the literary language of the Pomaks was the political task of the country's leadership. At present, Pomak (Southern Rodhopian, Bulgarian) dialects in Greece have an unwritten character (they are used exclusively for oral communication in the family and village, microsociety). Despite the presence of certain signs of the formation of the literary language among the Pomaks, the modern language situation and language policy do not contribute to its existence and functioning. We rely on both published sources and our own field materials collected during two ethnolinguistic expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019, as well as online in 2021, and will try to present preliminary results of the study of the current state of the language and language policy. Let us note the importance of modern interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the phenomenon of intercultural communication, which are based on the dialogue of languages and cultures, and which necessitated the description of new linguistic conditions and consideration of the importance of not so much Greek as Turkish as a means of intra — and interethnic communication in the specific genre.

E. S. Simonenko

The process of overcoming crisis phenomena during the recruitment of the Canadian volunteer army at the height of the First World War is analyzed in the context of the activities of the Minister of Militia and Defense Sam Hughes. The chronological framework is due to the beginning of the crisis in the recruitment of the Canadian volunteer army (October 1915) and the completion of S. Hughes’s activities as Minister of Militia and Defense (November 1916) in connection with the forced resignation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for the first time in Russian historiography, views are formulated and the mobilization activity of Minister S. Hughes is analyzed during the crisis in the recruitment of the Canadian volunteer army at the height of the First World War. The efforts of S. Hughes to overcome the recruitment crisis and stimulate recruitment into the ranks of the Canadian Volunteer Army are traced. The reaction of the press and the public to the mobilization activity of S. Hughes at the height of the war is studied. The reasons, circumstances and consequences of the resignation of S. Hughes from the post of minister are clarified. It is proved that during the leadership of the War Department, S. Hughes managed to achieve impressive results, however, due to his stormy temperament and personal ambitions, he often went beyond his powers, which ultimately predetermined his resignation.

E. V. Igumnov

Using the example of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (IRGS) and its Siberian Department (SD), the topical problem of interaction between public organizations and government in Russia in the pre-Soviet period is touched upon in the article. The idea is substantiated that public organizations, depending on the significance of the work performed, received legal support and material and financial assistance from the state. The internal and external political prerequisites for the establishment of SD IRGS, the participation of the department in the development of Eastern Siberia and the Far East are shown. The influence of the higher Siberian administration on the organization of scientific and expeditionary activities of the department is considered. It is noted that the annual state subsidy was the core of the budget of the IRGS and its branches. Data that demonstrate the ratio of funds received by SD IRGS from the state treasury and other sources are given. It is emphasized that the participation of the state in the material and financial support of the department was not limited to the granting of a subsidy: the opportunity to use free postage of parcels and written correspondence was given to SD IRGS. The central authorities and the highest Siberian administration allocated additional funds for scientific expeditions and trips of members of the department. Based on the information provided, it is concluded that the state thereby guaranteed the existence of society.

Md Shajalal, Md Atabuzzaman, Maksuda Bilkis Baby et al.

Textual entailment recognition is one of the basic natural language understanding(NLU) tasks. Understanding the meaning of sentences is a prerequisite before applying any natural language processing(NLP) techniques to automatically recognize the textual entailment. A text entails a hypothesis if and only if the true value of the hypothesis follows the text. Classical approaches generally utilize the feature value of each word from word embedding to represent the sentences. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to identifying the textual entailment relationship between text and hypothesis, thereby introducing a new semantic feature focusing on empirical threshold-based semantic text representation. We employ an element-wise Manhattan distance vector-based feature that can identify the semantic entailment relationship between the text-hypothesis pair. We carried out several experiments on a benchmark entailment classification(SICK-RTE) dataset. We train several machine learning(ML) algorithms applying both semantic and lexical features to classify the text-hypothesis pair as entailment, neutral, or contradiction. Our empirical sentence representation technique enriches the semantic information of the texts and hypotheses found to be more efficient than the classical ones. In the end, our approach significantly outperforms known methods in understanding the meaning of the sentences for the textual entailment classification task.

Yiding Hao, Dana Angluin, Robert Frank

This paper analyzes three formal models of Transformer encoders that differ in the form of their self-attention mechanism: unique hard attention (UHAT); generalized unique hard attention (GUHAT), which generalizes UHAT; and averaging hard attention (AHAT). We show that UHAT and GUHAT Transformers, viewed as string acceptors, can only recognize formal languages in the complexity class AC$^0$, the class of languages recognizable by families of Boolean circuits of constant depth and polynomial size. This upper bound subsumes Hahn's (2020) results that GUHAT cannot recognize the DYCK languages or the PARITY language, since those languages are outside AC$^0$ (Furst et al., 1984). In contrast, the non-AC$^0$ languages MAJORITY and DYCK-1 are recognizable by AHAT networks, implying that AHAT can recognize languages that UHAT and GUHAT cannot.

Emmanuel Arrighi, Henning Fernau, Stefan Hoffmann et al.

In the Intersection Non-Emptiness problem, we are given a list of finite automata $A_1,A_2,\dots,A_m$ over a common alphabet $Σ$ as input, and the goal is to determine whether some string $w\in Σ^*$ lies in the intersection of the languages accepted by the automata in the list. We analyze the complexity of the Intersection Non-Emptiness problem under the promise that all input automata accept a language in some level of the dot-depth hierarchy, or some level of the Straubing-Thérien hierarchy. Automata accepting languages from the lowest levels of these hierarchies arise naturally in the context of model checking. We identify a dichotomy in the dot-depth hierarchy by showing that the problem is already NP-complete when all input automata accept languages of the levels zero or one half and already PSPACE-hard when all automata accept a language from the level one. Conversely, we identify a tetrachotomy in the Straubing-Thérien hierarchy. More precisely, we show that the problem is in AC$^0$ when restricted to level zero; complete for LOGSPACE or NLOGSPACE, depending on the input representation, when restricted to languages in the level one half; NP-complete when the input is given as DFAs accepting a language in from level one or three half; and finally, PSPACE-complete when the input automata accept languages in level two or higher. Moreover, we show that the proof technique used to show containment in NP for DFAs accepting languages in the Straubing-Thérien hierarchy levels one ore three half does not generalize to the context of NFAs. To prove this, we identify a family of languages that provide an exponential separation between the state complexity of general NFAs and that of partially ordered NFAs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first superpolynomial separation between these two models of computation.

Michael Coblenz

Current approaches to making programming languages and reasoning assistants more effective for people focus on leveraging feedback from users and on evaluating the success of particular techniques. These approaches, although helpful, may not result in systems that are as usable as possible, and may not lead to general design principles. This paper advocates for leveraging theories from cognitive science, focusing on cognitive load theory, to design more effective programming languages and reasoning assistants. Development of these theories may enable designers to create more effective programming languages and reasoning assistants at lower cost.

lgvars Misāns, Valda Kļava

Šī gada sākumā pienāca ziņa, ka Vācijā 99 gadu vecumā mūžībā aizgājusi profesore Aleksandra Rolova (16.11.1920.–05.01.2020.). Latvijas Universitātes (LU) Vēstures un filozofijas fakultātes vecākā gadagājuma bijušie studenti atceras viņu kā erudītu vēsturnieci ar Latvijas apstākļiem unikālu specializāciju renesanses laikmeta Itālijas vēsturē un kultūrā. Viņa ne tikai pati mīlēja un lieliski pārzināja šo spožo Itālijas vēstures posmu, bet arī iedvesmoja savus studentus in-teresēties par Rietumeiropas vēsturi, tās mākslas un kultūras pasauli. Aleksandras Rolovas bagātā mūža lielākā daļa ir aizvadīta Latvijā. Viņas bērnība un jaunība pagāja, dzīvojot materiālā pārticībā Rīgā – Aleksandras tēvs Dāvids Abramovičs bija viens no labākajiem un populārākajiem galvaspilsētas ārstiem. Aleksandra uzauga vācu un ebreju kultūrvidē, viņas vecāki aizrāvās ar mākslu, literatūru, vēsturi un klasisko mūziku. Grāmatas, teātris un opera, kā arī pazīstamu kultūras cilvēku viesošanās Abramoviču dzīvoklī pilsētas centrā raksturo gaisotni, kādā veidojās viņas personība. Pēc Ebreju privātās Ezras ģimnāzijas absolvēšanas 1939. gadā Aleksandra Rolova kļuva par Latvijas Universitātes Filoloģijas un filozofijas fakultātes studenti. Pirmajā studiju gadā, apmeklējot dažādus ievadkursus, visvairāk viņu iespaidoja Borisa Vipera lasītās lekcijas mākslas vēsturē. Mūža nogalē rakstītajos memuāros Aleksandra Rolova atceras, ka studenti apbrīnojuši profesora zināšanu dziļumu un redzesloka plašumu, kā arī profesionālo analīzi, bet jo īpaši spēju koncentrētā formā raksturot konkrētu mākslas darbu stilistiskās īpatnības, atsevišķu laikmetu raksturīgās iezīmes, mākslinieku emociju pasauli un vietu sava laika sabiedrībā: “Profesors Vipers, kurš pirmais mani ievadīja tēlotājmākslas pasaulē, ir palicis atmiņā kā nepārspēts pasniedzējs, kurš prata mākslas darbus padarīt saprotamus un tuvus labāk kā jebkurš cits.” Pēc Latvijas okupācijas un varmācīgās iekļaušanas Padomju Savienībā Viperu ģimene 1941.  gada pavasarī pārcēlās uz Maskavu, un līdz ar to tālejošāka sadarbība Aleksandrai Rolovai ar Borisu Viperu neizveidojās. Tomēr tieši Boriss Vipers kļuva par vienu no nozīmīgākajiem viņas skolotājiem, paraugu vēlākajā zinātnieces un mācībspēka darbā. 1941. gada vasarā kara apstākļos Rīgai tuvojās nacistiskās Vācijas karaspēks, un Aleksandras Rolovas ģimene devās bēgļu gaitās. Studijas viņa turpināja Saratovā, uz kurieni bija evakuēta Ļeņin gradas Valsts universitāte un tās mācībspēku korpuss. Pavērās lieliskas iespē jas klausīties erudītu profesoru lekcijas un specializēties Itālijas renesanses laikmeta vēsturē. Cieši ar Ļeņingradas profesūru un akadēmisko vidi bija saistīts viss turpmākais Aleksandras Rolovas zinātnieces un mācībspēka mūžs. Ļeņingradas Valsts universitātē 1944. gadā viņa ieguva augstāko izglītību, turpat arī aizstāvēja gan vēstures zinātņu kandidāta disertāciju “Sociāli politiskā cīņa Florencē 1527.–1537.  g. un Mediči absolūtisma rašanās” (1953.  gadā), gan doktora disertāciju “Florence un Itālijas saimnieciskā pagrimuma problēma (16. gs. otrā puse – 17. gs. sākums)” (1974. gadā). Aleksandra Rolova kļuva par vienu no ievērojamākajām speciālistēm Padomju Savienībā Florences un Toskānas vēsturē, turklāt viņas pētījumi guva ievērību arī ārzemēs, jo īpaši Itālijā. 1981. gadā viņa tika ievēlēta par Toskānas vēstures zinātnes biedrības ārzemju locekli. Aleksandras Rolovas augstskolas mācībspēka darbs ritēja Rīgā. 1946. gadā viņa sāka strādāt Rīgas Pedagoģiskajā institūtā, bet pēc institūta Vēstures fakultātes likvidēšanas 1954. gadā darbu turpināja Latvijas Valsts universitātes Vēstures un filoloģijas (kopš 1970. gada Vēstures un filozofijas) fakultātē. Tur viņa no 1976. gada vadīja Seno un viduslaiku vēstures katedru un 1978. gadā kļuva par profesori. Lekcijas viņa lasīja arī Latvijas Mākslas akadēmijā, Daugavpils Pedagoģiskajā institūtā, Tartu Universitātē un citur. Latvijas apstākļiem unikālās zināšanas, daudzpusīgā dzīves pieredze un personības šarms nodrošināja Aleksandrai Rolovai autoritāti gan kolēģu, gan studentu vidū. Vislielāko ievērību un studentu atsaucību guva profesores kursi, kuri veltīti Itālijas renesansei un tās pilsētu ekonomiskajai un sociālajai vēsturei. Tie piesaistīja klausītājus, kas padomju vienveidīgās un samākslotās ideoloģijas kundzības apstākļos meklēja ceļu pie patiesām, vispārcilvēciskām vērtībām. Neaizmirstamas ar savu augstvērtīgo kvalitāti un novatorisko saturu bija arī profesores Rolovas uzaicināto viesprofesoru Joela Veinberga, Aleksandras Ļubļinskas, Viktora Rutenburga, Jurija Bessmertnija u.  c. LU Vēstures un filozofijas fakultātē lasītās lekcijas. Aleksandra Rolova un viņas kolēģi pavēra studentiem skatu uz Rietumeiropas vēsturi un, atrodoties aiz dzelzs priekškara, sniedza kaut nelielu priekšstatu par zinātnes dzīves norisēm un vēstures interpretācijām Rietumos. Profesores Rolovas bijušā studenta un vēlākā kolēģa Armanda Vijupa vārdiem runājot, viņa šajā, jau patālajā laikā iemiesoja saikni starp pirmskara Latviju, Pēterburgas akadēmisko garu un Latvijas Universitāti. Kopš 1991. gada februāra profesore Rolova dzīvoja Vācijas pilsētā Āhenē. Mūža nogalē viņa varēja pēc sirds patikas apceļot sirdij tik mīļo Itāliju (padomju laikos tāda iespēja viņai tika dota tikai vienu reizi 1969. gadā), kā arī citas zemes. Pēdējo reizi uz Itāliju viņa devās 92 gadu vecumā. Āhenē Aleksandra Rolova dzīvoja piesātinātu dzīvi, rakstīja atmiņas (tās ir publicētas krievu un vācu valodā), nodarbojās ar tulkošanu. No 2011. līdz 2014. gadam viņa bija Āhenes Kristiešu-ebreju sadarbības biedrības līdzpriekšsēdētāja. Līdz pat nesenam laikam profesore Rolova saglabāja saikni ar Latviju un LU Vēstures un filozofijas fakultāti. Jāņa Kerusa, Inetas Lipšas u. c. autoru 2010. gadā izdotajā grāmatā “Latvijas Universitātes Vēstures un filozofijas fakultāte padomju laikā: personības, struktūras, idejas (1944–1991)” ir publicēts viņas dzīvesstāsta fragments.

S. V. Tolkacheva

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the Russian recruitment rite that existed in the territory of modern Udmurtia in the early and mid-20th century. The source base for the reconstruction was ethnographic stories recorded by the author in the 1990s in folklore and ethnographic expeditions of the Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a result of preliminary analysis and systematization of the material, the functioning of a single, general structure of the ritual in this region is proved. The article demonstrates the tendency of the Russian traditional culture of the region to unite into two large ethno-cultural areas. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the recruitment rites of Russian residents of Udmurtia were first considered in the context of traditional recruitment rites of other peoples of the Ural-Volga region. The results of a comparative analysis of Russian recruitment rituals in Udmurtia and traditional recruitment rituals of Bashkirs, Besermyans, Komi-Permyaks, Mari, Tatars, Chuvash, Udmurts living in the Ural-Volga region are presented. The typological similarity of recruitment rites of these peoples is proved. The analysis revealed numerous ethnographic parallels in the conduct of traditional recruitment rites among the peoples of the Ural-Volga region and the Russian population of modern Udmurtia.