Natalia N. Neklyudova , Elena B. Bedrina , Olga A. Kozlova
Международная миграция оказывает значительное влияние на демографическое и социально-экономическое развитие региона. Цель настоящего исследования — оценить положение и особенности адаптации мигрантов из стран Центральной Азии на региональном рынке труда и выявить ее тенденции. Социологическое исследование проводилось в марте — мае 2023 г. на территории Свердловской области при помощи анкетного опроса и разведывательного интервью. Для анализа были отобраны анкеты мигрантов из стран — основных поставщиков трудовых ресурсов на региональный рынок труда: Кыргызстана, Таджикистана и Узбекистана. В результате исследования были подтверждены некоторые выводы, сделанные в предыдущих исследованиях по данной тематике, выявлены новые тенденции. Отмечена специфика миграции на рынке труда Свердловской области, выраженная в высокой доле выходцев из Таджикистана, росте доли занятых в промышленном секторе и склонности к организации собственного бизнеса у выходцев из Кыргызстана. Выявлены факторы, которые помогают мигрантам адаптироваться на региональном рынке труда: особенности правового регулирования (Кыргызстан), знание русского языка, родственные связи, наличие образования, официально оформленной занятости, продолжительность нахождения на территории России, натурализация. Сделаны выводы, позволяющие повысить эффективность миграционной политики посредством контроля и стимулирования официальной занятости иностранных работников на основе формирования единой базы данных и постоянного мониторинга информации о трудовых мигрантах и членах их семей. Данное исследование представляет интерес для специалистов, занимающихся проблемами трудовой миграции. Ввиду разработки нового инструментария миграционной политики данное направление исследований имеет перспективы, особенно важным направлением может стать совершенствование практики применения трудового патента и проведения организованного набора.
Abstract Faced with increasingly serious environmental risks, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the regional environment to provide a solid foundation for environmental policies and actions in the future. This article builds a composite environment risk index that considers spatiotemporal factors and uses annual socio-economic and environmental data of China’s 31 provincial administrative regions from 2004 to 2019 to quantitatively analyze environmental risks. Furthermore, the article employs a panel data model to empirically test the key factors that lead to environmental risks. Moreover, this article employs SVAR models to analyze the dynamics of regional environmental systems in China. The study finds that, at least at this stage, the environmental risks in provincial regions in China are still relatively high, and the key factors of the risks are economic growth, urbanization development, secondary industry growth, and green policy. Therefore, China must adopt more stringent environmental protection policies and actions in the future.
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de criação do estado do Tocantins, com a promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, em 1988. A análise parte do resgate histórico da luta pela autodeterminação política deste ente federativo, faz uma ampla revisão da literatura, com análise documental para a melhor compreensão dos determinantes presentes na criação do último estado subnacional brasileiro. Conclui que os elementos políticos e econômicos foram muito mais importantes do que os elementos culturais presentes em quase todos os momentos de luta pela criação do estado do Tocantins.
Latin America. Spanish America, Regional economics. Space in economics
Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the modern activation of the phenomenon of Russophobia in Western countries and the associated need to study its origin and specifics, as well as to develop Russian mechanisms to counter this phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to characterize the essence of the genesis and features of Anglo-Saxon Russophobia during its ideological formation in the context of the geopolitical rivalry between the states of the West and Russia.
Materials and Methods. The research has been based on the study of the writings of British authors (military, diplomats and publicists) – contemporaries of the events under consideration, materials from the British media in the first half of the XIX century, reference and conceptual-terminological editions. The methodological basis of the research is the synthesis of systemic and geopolitical approaches within the paradigm of neorealism, which has led to the use of the institutional, historical-genetic and activity methods.
Results. The reasons, the context of occurrence and the definition of the concept of “Russophobia” have been clarified. The features of different variants of Russophobia have been characterized. The genesis of Russophobia of the Anglo-Saxons has been examined. The relationship between Anglo-Saxon Russophobia and geopolitics has been revealed. The evolution of the traditional features and essential characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon version of Russophobia has been shown. Features of Russophobia of the Anglo-Saxons as an ideology have been identified.
Discussion and Сonclusion. The conducted research testifies to the presence of features of the Anglo-Saxon Russophobia as an ideology in the form of permanently manifesting attitudes, the activation of which has been due to the intensification of geopolitical rivalry. The materials and conclusions of the study can be used by scientific centers and government departments of the Russian Federation in the process of forming and implementing state foreign policy and ensuring national security.
Purpose - This paper aims at analyzing the feasibility of fiscal consolidation implementation in the case of Indonesia. The main question to be investigated is whether fiscal consolidation will deteriorate economic growth or not.
Methods - This research uses various probabilistic models to assess the successfulness of fiscal adjustments. Probit and logit models are used as a preliminary estimate. The robustness checks are conducted by binary extreme value and Tobit models.
Findings - The results indicate that the magnitude of government revenue is less than that of government spending. They seem that increasing government revenue (taxes, for instance) is less harmful compared to reducing expenditures, which denies empirically what Keynesian economists approve of.
Implication - The results highlight that Indonesia’s fiscal authority should immediately reform the economic, regulatory, and institutional environments in adopting fiscal austerity policies. The reforms are strongly required to realize fiscal health as well as to promote economic growth.
Originality - This paper contributes the literature on fiscal policy in developing countries. Unlike other empirical studies, this research compares the actual output over the potential output, instead of the past actual output, to evaluate the successfulness of fiscal consolidations.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
Abstract With the increasing power demand and renewables, the efficient utilization of power resources in each regional network relies on the tie-line power exchanges in interconnected power networks. Consequently, an accurate characterization of the feasible region of tie-line power transfer is crucial for scheduling tie-line power to achieve a secure and efficient utilization of power resources. This paper proposes a characterization method to explicitly capture a feasible region of tie-line power transfer considering steady-state constraints with reactive power and voltage limits and transient constraints. The steady-state and transient constraints are explicitly derived: 1) a power transfer distribution factor matrix with reactive power and voltage magnitude is derived to equivalently reflect the steady-state operational region with fewer variables and constraints; 2) the transient constraints of the tie-line power are derived based on the swing and current injection equations and a constraint transcription technology is adopted to convert transient constraints from continuous-time domain to a vector space, which makes it possible to identify the feasible region of tie-line power transfer. The steady-state and transient constraints are explicitly projected to the tie-line power space via a vertex search method. Finally, this paper utilizes the feasible region of tie-line power transfer to perform the tie-line scheduling via the proposed linear programming model. The proposed tie-line scheduling model can promote the optimal utilization of generation dispatches, which guarantees security and improve economics in the interconnected power network. The numerical results based on the IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Scholars increasingly highlight the role of individual agency for economic development in areas facing socioeconomic transformations. Based on an analytical framework of governance entrepreneurship, this paper explores how entrepreneurial individuals influence local decision-making and alter governance arrangements when implementing new economic development projects. It provides a case study analysis of two peripheral towns in Austria in order to gain a deeper understanding of individual relevancies and behaviour in regional economic development. The findings demonstrate how entrepreneurial individuals (re)arrange governance by (re)combining horizontal and vertical pipelines, mixing informal and formal practices, seeking individual legitimization, and promoting regional rescaling. The analysis also reveals the temporal nature of governance entrepreneurship and suggests differentiating between a long-term governance transition and a temporary governance shift. Overall, the paper provides a middle-range theory of governance entrepreneurship that might contribute to a deeper understanding of agency in regional economic development.
Regional economics. Space in economics, Regional planning
Ekaterina Nikolaevna Nevzorova , Anna Pavlovna Kireenko, Igor Anatolevich Mayburov
The paper aims to examine the spatial patterns of the distribution of the shadow economy in Russia, as well as to assess the correlation between the scale of the shadow economy and crime statistics. The methodology of spatial data analysis includes three steps. Firstly, we calculated the global Moran’s index and established its criteria of relevance. Secondly, we identified clusters of regions using Moran scatterplot. Thirdly, we conducted a correlation analysis of data on the shadow economy (for the period until 2016) and crime statistics (for the period until 2017, considering a time lag between a crime and its detection). The research results confirmed the correlation between the regional shadow economies. The correlated of the spatial cooperation of regions and the scale of the shadow economy is negative: a decrease in shadow economy leads to an increase in cooperation, and vice versa. In the considered period, spatial interaction gains more importance. The shadow economy is present in more than half of the Russian regions, located amid similar entities. Only a quarter of the regions are relatively unaffected by the shadow economies of their neighbours. Thus, we have established the configuration of spatial distribution of the shadow economy in Russia, demonstrating that such economic activity prevails in the western part of the country. This area is surrounded by the “transitional” zone where there is a risk of the spread of the shadow economy. Additionally, we identified isolated centres of shadow activity in Siberia and the Far East, as well as the zones of relative well-being. The findings demonstrate the difficulty in assessing the scale of the regional shadow economy using indirect and model methods due to the regions’ interaction. Moreover, the obtained results argue for the necessity of a targeted approach for creating policies aimed at preventing the regional shadow economy.
The article provides information on problems of the education internationalization, the basic principles of integration of higher education and programmes aimed at ensuring the quality of training in European and Eurasian educational spaces. Particular attention is paid to existing approaches to guarantee the quality of higher education and the formation of quality assessment systems at the international, national and regional levels to create the conditions for relevant quality management of education. The construction of an effective system for ensuring and assessing the quality of education in many countries of the world, including Russia, is one of the priorities of the national educational policy. This article is aimed at expanding knowledge about the integration processes in the field of education by using new teaching technologies, research and debates on topics related to the history, politics, economics and legislation of the European Union, as well as EU relations with other regions of the world.
Core-periphery imbalances and regional disparities figure prominently on the agenda of several disciplines, which result from their enormous impact on economic and social development around the world. In sociology, international relations, and economics, this concept is crucial in explanations of economic exchange. There are few countries that play a dominant role in world trade (sometimes described as the "Global North"), while most countries have a secondary or even a tertiary position in world trade (the "Global South"). Moreover, when we are discussing global, continental, regional, and national economies, we can present regions and even smaller territorial units (such as sub regions, provinces, districts, or counties) which have higher wages than some underdeveloped areas within the same larger area in focus. Such regional inequalities and injustices are the main themes of the core-periphery model, which focuses on tendencies of economic activities to concentrate around some pivotal points. It seeks to explain the spatial inequalities or imbalances observable on all levels or scales by highlighting the role of horizontal and vertical relations between various entities from the level of towns and cities to the global scale. The existence of a core-periphery structure implies that in the spatial dimension (space and place), the socioeconomic development is usually uneven. From such a geographical perspective, the regions known as the "core" are advanced in various areas, while other regions described as the "periphery" serve as a social, economic, and political back-stages, backyards, and supply sources or - in some cases - are even subject to degradation and decline. Furthermore, the level of development has a negative correlation with distance from the core. The economies of the states that have gone through various stages of development at the earliest and with the fastest pace have become wealthy core regions and growth poles. Those countries and regions where these processes have been slower become or remain the poor periphery.
The reform of economics’ decentralization caused the need to interpret differently the role and importance of regions in the structure of the economic system. The regional economy, along with the national economy, becomes an equal participant in economic activity both on the domestic and foreign markets. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities and formation of components of economic development of Ukraine and its regions in the process of decentralization of economic power, revealing its tendencies and contradictions, as well as ways of their overcoming. Methodology. The article uses general scientific and special methods: generalization, systematization, economic and statistical analysis, and modelling. This allowed us to study the peculiarities of the economic development of Ukraine and its regions in the process of decentralization, to identify its tendencies and contradictions, as well as to justify ways to overcome them. Results. The analysis of components of economic development in a regional context provides an opportunity to identify the main trends and prospects for the economic development of the country. Among the components of economic development, the main role is performed by the economic component since it determines the main trends of the economy of the country and regions. There are offered qualitative and quantitative components’ parameters that provide sustainable economic development in conditions of uncertainty. Practical meaning. The implementation of these results will overcome the disproportion of regional economic development in Ukraine. Equalization of the regional economic development involves the creation of a favourable investment environment in the regions, as the current trends of regional development lead to the fact that regions and other territorial entities become independent gamblers near the state in the global economic space. Value/оriginality. The article analyses the factors and consequences of the decentralization of the economy. Unlike the existing approaches, this makes it possible to more systematically present the results of economic development at the present stage.
Nowadays in conditions of the world space transformation, the role of individual countries and their groups varies considerably. Priorities for ensuring sustainable growth of the world economy are distributed between countries and their groups unevenly. It is influenced by the global economic situation cycles, by potential and possibilities for realizing the achievements of information and technological progress, by the newest dominant tendencies of geographic and regional development, etc. As a result, some countries are ahead of others in the terms of economic growth. The specificity of the modern world economic system lies in the fact that global economic growth depends on the implementation of national economic potential, the ability to apply existing and acquired factors of economic dynamics at the level of individual countries. One of the key characteristics of the structure of the modern world economy is the presence of a group of countries with emergent markets. The established classification of countries with growing (ascending, emergent) markets in the scientific literature is not formed, however, there are several research approaches regarding the content and criteria for identifying this group of countries. According to world-class scientists such as V. Kvint [1], T. Marois [2], M. A. Kose and E. S. Prasad [3], as well as according to international financial institutions, research centers (such as the British company FTSE, the corporation MSCI, the American financial company S&P, the American financial information firm Dow Jones & Company, Frontier Strategy Group, etc.), that deeply studied this problem, the formation of emergent markets in the world is associated with the presence of four main characteristics. The essence of the first one is that this group includes countries with a large population, resource base and highvolume markets, that are the engines of economic development in different regions of the world. The second feature is the transitive type of society, and specifically – implementation of internal economic and political reforms, the introduction of a policy of “openness” instead of a policy of strong state planning and control. The next feature is high rate of economic growth, as a result of the country’s active participation in international trade process. And the last feature is the significant growth of domestic and foreign investments due to the formation of a favorable environment for conducting business within the country. At the same time, according to the experts of the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the issues of determining clear criteria for classification of countries belonging to this group remain unsolved, especially with relatively small area of the territory (less than 1 million square kilometers), as well as with limited market liquidity (in particular, Ukraine). According to their opinion in Ukraine the problems of the intensification of the processes of emergence of the economy are hampered by the problems of low innovation activity of domestic enterprises, the volatility of foreign economic activity and the instability of the political situation. Therefore, we offer some steps towards the formation of well-developed emergency economics in Ukraine. Among them: the financing of technological parks through venture capital funds with a minimum state participation, which should be the guarantor of the reliability of private investment; the creation of a stock market, the forecasts of which will allow you to navigate the dynamics of stock quotes, that in the case of coincidence of real and predicted values will indicate the correctness of the decisions on investing in certain innovative enterprises; commercialization of scientific developments at the expense of enterprises and research institutions entering the international market of innovative technologies by joining the system of technology transfer INDEV of the State Committee for Investment and Development, etc. Publications in the scientific literature prove a high level of interest in the theoretical and applied developments concerning the peculiarities and dynamics of the development of the countries of the emergent type. However, questions about the application of modern methods of investigation of the emergent properties of complex systems, sources and methods to the process of formation the emergent strategy of the country as a whole SHS Web of Conferences 65, 00001 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196500001 M3E2 2019
In the first quarter of the 21st century, Russia will face the need to develop the southern latitudinal belt and form a new northern latitudinal belt of Russia’s economic development in Siberia. At the same time, specialists from the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences predict the possibility of strengthening the single economic space of the state, relying not only on raw materials, but also on the transport and logistics opportunities that open up when servicing transport corridors. The development of the road network of the northern latitudinal belt of economic development requires taking into account the features of the geocomplex elements when designing roads in the territory of the second climatic zone of Western Siberia. The article presents the structure of research aimed at studying the relations and patterns that determine the systemic relationship between the components of the «highway – environment» system in economically promising areas of Western Siberia. The research structure is based on the systems approach and includes two main blocks – theoretical and experimental ones, as well as their elements and internal and external relations. The study gives the detailed examination of such issues as organization and performance of experimental part of research on studying composition and properties of clay soils. The main outcomes of field and laboratory studies are shown. The dependences of variations of elastic modulus, angle of internal friction, and specific adhesion of clay soils on their relative humidity are established. Deviations are determined between the values of soil characteristics calculated from these dependences and the values presented in Industry Road Code 218.046-01 (preliminary national standard PNST 265-2018). The article is prepared on the basis of the author’s PhD dissertation research on the topic of «Justification of regional calculated values of clay soil characteristics for the road pavement design in Western Siberia» (STU, Novosibirsk, 2017).
The implementation of the ‘third mission’ by universities is a significant area of research
that has been explored by many Russian and international experts. The ‘third mission’
means engaging with society. Alongside education and research, it is an important factor
in the successful development of a contemporary university. In this article, we explore how
stakeholder theory, which is successfully employed in the management of large organisations,
may be applied for the development of mechanisms for effective implementation of the ‘third
mission’ by universities. We identify the main problems in organising stakeholder interactions
at Russian universities and analyse possible strategies to improve the situation. We use the
examples of Polish, Swedish, and Russian universities to illustrate the practical aspects of
interactions at different levels between universities and stakeholders., forms, and methods in
the field. Further, we propose a classification of key stakeholders of universities, describe their
mutual relations, interests, and resources available to them as well as reflect on stakeholder
participation models in educational management. Our findings may contribute to better
management at Russian educational institutions and benefit national education authorities.