Hasil untuk "Print media"

Christoph Mueller-Bloch, Raffaele Ciriello

Social media platforms connect billions, but their business models often amplify societal harm through misinformation, which is linked to polarization, violence, and declining mental health. Current governance frameworks, such as the U.S. Section 230 and the EU Digital Services Act, delegate content moderation to corporations. This creates structural conflicts of interest because misinformation drives engagement, and engagement drives profit. We propose a public utility model for social media governance that prioritizes the public good over commercial incentives. Integrating legislated content removal with democratic content moderation, the model protects free expression while mitigating societal harms. It frames social media as sovereign digital infrastructure governed through democratic oversight, transparent algorithms, and institutional safeguards.

Abdulmalik Alluhidan, Mamtaj Akter, Ashwaq Alsoubai et al.

The debate on whether social media has a net positive or negative effect on youth is ongoing. Therefore, we conducted a thematic analysis on 2,061 posts made by 1,038 adolescents aged 15-17 on an online peer-support platform to investigate the ways in which these teens discussed popular social media platforms in their posts and to identify differences in their experiences across platforms. Our findings revealed four main emergent themes for the ways in which social media was discussed: 1) Sharing negative experiences or outcomes of social media use (58%, n = 1,095), 2) Attempts to connect with others (45%, n = 922), 3) Highlighting the positive side of social media use (20%, n = 409), and 4) Seeking information (20%, n = 491). Overall, while sharing about negative experiences was more prominent, teens also discussed balanced perspectives of connection-seeking, positive experiences, and information support on social media that should not be discounted. Moreover, we found statistical significance for how these experiences differed across social media platforms. For instance, teens were most likely to seek romantic relationships on Snapchat and self-promote on YouTube. Meanwhile, Instagram was mentioned most frequently for body shaming, and Facebook was the most commonly discussed platform for privacy violations (mostly from parents). The key takeaway from our study is that the benefits and drawbacks of teens' social media usage can co-exist and net effects (positive or negative) can vary across different teens across various contexts. As such, we advocate for mitigating the negative experiences and outcomes of social media use as voiced by teens, to improve, rather than limit or restrict, their overall social media experience. We do this by taking an affordance perspective that aims to promote the digital well-being and online safety of youth "by design."

Kaidong Song, Guoyue Xu, A. N. M. Tanvir et al.

Thermoelectric energy conversion is an attractive technology for generating electricity from waste heat and using electricity for solid-state cooling. However, conventional manufacturing processes for thermoelectric devices are costly and limited to simple device geometries. This work reports an extrusion printing method to fabricate high-performance thermoelectric materials with complex 3D architectures. By integrating high-throughput experimentation and Bayesian optimization (BO), our approach significantly accelerates the simultaneous search for the optimal ink formulation and printing parameters that deliver high thermoelectric performances while maintaining desired shape fidelity. A Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based machine learning model is employed to expeditiously predict thermoelectric power factor as a function of ink formulation and printing parameters. The printed bismuth antimony telluride (BiSbTe)-based thermoelectric materials under the optimized conditions exhibit an ultrahigh room temperature zT of 1.3, which is by far the highest in the printed thermoelectric materials. The machine learning-guided ink-based printing strategy can be highly generalizable to a wide range of functional materials and devices for broad technological applications.

Neel Mackinnon, Jörg B. Götte, Stephen M. Barnett et al.

We present a new approach to the definition of optical helicity in a medium. Our approach resolves the problem that duality transformations which simultaneously combine $\mathbf{E}$ with $\mathbf{H}$ and $\mathbf{D}$ with $\mathbf{B}$ are incompatible with linear constitutive relations. We find that the helicity density in a medium, as the conserved quantity associated with duality transforms, must contain an explicit contribution associated with the polarisation and magnetisation of the matter, and that it can be expressed naturally in terms of the elementary polarised excitations of the system. In media for which the helicity is conserved, each circular excitation carries a well-defined helicity. However, in a medium for which the helicity is not conserved, we find that the time-varying helicity can be viewed in terms of oscillations between different helicity eigenstates, analogous to neutrino oscillations. Here we explicitly study the helicity in homogeneous and lossless media but we believe that, differently to other choices, this helicity is readily generalisable to media that may be inhomogeneous, lossy, chiral or nonreciprocal.

Xinnong Zhang, Haoyu Kuang, Xinyi Mou et al.

The growth of social media, characterized by its multimodal nature, has led to the emergence of diverse phenomena and challenges, which calls for an effective approach to uniformly solve automated tasks. The powerful Large Vision Language Models make it possible to handle a variety of tasks simultaneously, but even with carefully designed prompting methods, the general domain models often fall short in aligning with the unique speaking style and context of social media tasks. In this paper, we introduce a Large Vision Language Model for Social Media Processing (SoMeLVLM), which is a cognitive framework equipped with five key capabilities including knowledge & comprehension, application, analysis, evaluation, and creation. SoMeLVLM is designed to understand and generate realistic social media behavior. We have developed a 654k multimodal social media instruction-tuning dataset to support our cognitive framework and fine-tune our model. Our experiments demonstrate that SoMeLVLM achieves state-of-the-art performance in multiple social media tasks. Further analysis shows its significant advantages over baselines in terms of cognitive abilities.

Tiziano Piccardi, Martin Saveski, Chenyan Jia et al.

Social media plays a central role in shaping public opinion and behavior, yet performing experiments on these platforms and, in particular, on feed algorithms is becoming increasingly challenging. This guide offers practical recommendations for researchers developing and deploying field experiments focused on real-time reranking of social media feeds. The article is organized around two contributions. First, we provide an overview of an experimental method using web browser extensions that intercepts and reranks content in real time, enabling naturalistic reranking field experiments. We then describe feed interventions and measurements that this paradigm enables on participants' actual feeds, without requiring the involvement of social media platforms. Second, we offer concrete technical recommendations for intercepting and reranking social media feeds with minimal user-facing delay, and provide an open-source implementation. This document aims to summarize lessons learned in running field experiments on social media, provide concrete implementation details, and foster the ecosystem of independent social media research. Finally, we release the source code that serves as a blueprint for implementing future feed-ranking experiments.

Šarlauskienė Lina , Dagytė Samanta

Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a transformative force across numerous sectors, from healthcare and finance to automotive and public services. The selection and deployment of AI tools are critical to leveraging this technology’s potential while adhering to ethical standards, regulatory compliance, and ensuring societal benefit. The European Union (EU) has been at the forefront of establishing frameworks and criteria to guide the development, deployment, and selection of AI systems to foster innovation while protecting citizens’ rights and societal values. The EU’s proactive stance in establishing these criteria aims to balance innovation with ethical considerations and societal welfare, setting a benchmark for responsible AI development and deployment globally. The aim of the article is to present general criteria for the selection of artificial intelligence tools, as well as those specific to the field of publishing. The research was carried out based on the analysis of scientific and other sources. The results of the study can be useful for organizations and individuals that must be interested in selecting and using the right AI tools.

Manetta Berends, Simon Browne

This brief statment explains the production of Content/Form from the designer' perspective: The journal is made with wiki-to-print, a collective publishing environment based on MediaWiki software, Paged Media CSS techniques and the JavaScript library Paged.js, which renders a preview of the PDF in the browser. Using wiki-to-print allows us to work shoulder-to-shoulder as collaborative writers, editors, designers, developers, in a non-linear publishing workflow where design and content unfolds at the same time, allowing the one to shape the other.

Azat M. Akhunov

The article is devoted to the study of modern effects of the information field in the sphere of ritual Islamic practices in the context of the social crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on issues related to the performance of ritual practices in Islam. New regulations of state medical institutions introduced in connection with the 2020 pandemic have influenced the violation of centuries-old traditional norms and practices in the funeral culture of the Tatars. The emerging contradictions and inconsistencies stimulated the actualisation of expert knowledge on the part of Muslim spiritual leaders. In the article, the author analyses the interaction between Muslim Tatars and religious authorities on the issues of solving everyday life and religious problems that believers encountered due to extraordinary circumstances (COVID-19). The source of the study was the Tatar-language media and Internet resources. The obtained results indicate the flexibility and adaptability of the information environment – traditional print media and digital technologies to rapidly developing social turbulence. At the same time, the influence of non-standard social factors (the pandemic) in a rather conservative and strictly regulated sphere of Muslim funeral and ritual culture is shown. The second aspect of the study is related to the gradual transformation of the ideas of Muslim Tatars about the culture of grave decoration. Epigraphic expeditions conducted by the author indicate that the deepening and dissemination of religious norms among them leads to gradual rejection of the practice of using photographs of deceased relatives on monuments that developed in the Soviet times. The totality of the collected materials allows us to trace how changes in family structure and relationships affect religious practices and the perception of Islam. The processes recorded by the author reflect the dynamics of the formation of theological Islam among Muslim Tatars in modern Tatarstan.

Salsa Bela

Latar belakang: Perpustakaan memilki peran penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan informasi penggunanya tanpa terkecuali termasuk masyarakat berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kebutuhan informasi kelompok disabilitas tunanetra. Kelompok tunaetra adalah individu yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal penglihatan sehingga tidak dapat menerima informasi dalam bentuk visual. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan media lain agar mereka mampu menerima informasi, salah satunya melalui buku audio atau audiobook. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan koleksi audiobook pada perpustakaan, manfaat audiobook, serta hambatan dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh perpustakaan dalam mengembangkan buku audio. Metode: Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Hasil: Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan audiobook dapat dilakukan melalui dua cara, yaitu dengan menyalakan alat perekam kemudian narator membaca isi buku atau dengan bantuan teknologi text to speech. Kesimpulan: Manfaat dari hadirnya media audiobook yaitu dapat menjembatani kebutuhan informasi kelompok tunanetra, meningkatkan minat baca masyarakat umum, meningkatkan keterampilan pengguna tunanetra dalam menggunakan teknologi informasi, serta membantu melestarikan koleksi bersejarah melalui proses alih media. Namun di sisi lain, terdapat beberapa hambatan dan tantangan dalam mengembangkan koleksi perpustakaan berbasis audiobook, diantaranya: masih minimnya kelompok tunanetra yang melek teknologi, sulitnya memperoleh akses untuk alih media, kurang efektinya penggunaan suara audiobook yang dikeluarkan oleh mesin, dan dikhawatirkan adanya audiobook ini membuat masyarakat malas membaca koleksi cetak atau braillenya sehingga bisa berdampak pada kebutaan huruf.   Background: Libraries have an important role in meeting the information needs of their users without exception, including the information needs of people with special needs. This research focuses on the information needs of the blind disability group. The blind group is individuals who have limited vision so they cannot receive information in visual form. Therefore, other media are needed so that they are able to receive information, one of which is through audiobooks. Objective: This research aims to determine the development of audiobook collections in libraries, the benefits of audiobooks, as well as the challenges and obstacles faced by libraries in developing audiobooks. Methods: The method in this research uses the literature study method. Results: The results obtained from this research are that audiobook development can be done in two ways, namely by turning on the recording device and then the narrator reading the contents of the book or with text to speech technology. Conclusion: The benefits of the presence of audiobook media are that it can bridge the information needs of blind groups, increase the general public's interest in reading, improve the skills of blind users in using information technology, and help preserve historical collections through the media transfer process. However, on the other hand, there are several obstacles and challenges in developing audiobook-based library collections, including: the lack of technology-literate blind groups, the difficulty of gaining access to convert print collections to digital audio, the lack of effective use of audiobook sounds produced by machines, causing these audiobooks make people lazy about reading their print or braille collections, which can have an impact on illiteracy.

Taimi Grauberg

Alide Ertel (1877–1955) was an Estonian woman writer active in the early 20th century. The most significant factors influencing her creative path were being born into a wealthy South Estonian family of farmers, her good education, and traveling not only within the Tsarist Empire but also in Western Europe. The active participation of Ertel’s family in the public life also played an important part. Ertel herself was involved in politics, taking part in the 1905 revolution as well as the events of 1917, which can be considered important factors shaping Ertel’s life, work, and its reception. In addition to giving fiery speeches during the revolutionary events, Ertel took a strong stance on issues like popular education, agriculture, and the economic well-being of cultural figures. At the beginning of her creative career, Ertel published her works primarily in the print media. 1910 saw the publication of her debut novella Rooste (“Rust”), which depicted the residents and conditions of a local poorhouse. Rooste received favourable reviews and is considered, according to later assessments, Ertel’s best work. From 1919 to 1920, Ertel dedicated herself to literary work and produced two plays, a collection of short stories published in two editions, a collection of aphorisms, and a historical novel within a short period of time. All works from this period had a negative reception, which can be attributed to inadequate linguistic editing, going against the literary circles of the time, and a preconceived bias stemming from this opposition as well as Ertel’s association with Bolshevism. The complex publishing market situation during that time must also be considered. Consequently, Ertel withdrew from literary activities. Between 1929 and 1931, she published a book of fairy tales and two plays, but these works also failed to garner the attention she hoped for. Although Ertel’s creative work has remained lodged in the time of its publication, it is worth exploring also for the contemporary reader. Ertel has depicted the aspirations of marginalized members of society and focused heightened attention on the position of women in the society and their possibilities for self-actualization.

Kehan Wang, David Chan, Seth Z. Zhao et al.

With the growing adoption of short-form video by social media platforms, reducing the spread of misinformation through video posts has become a critical challenge for social media providers. In this paper, we develop methods to detect misinformation in social media posts, exploiting modalities such as video and text. Due to the lack of large-scale public data for misinformation detection in multi-modal datasets, we collect 160,000 video posts from Twitter, and leverage self-supervised learning to learn expressive representations of joint visual and textual data. In this work, we propose two new methods for detecting semantic inconsistencies within short-form social media video posts, based on contrastive learning and masked language modeling. We demonstrate that our new approaches outperform current state-of-the-art methods on both artificial data generated by random-swapping of positive samples and in the wild on a new manually-labeled test set for semantic misinformation.

Seulki Kim

Probably, the beginning of the pro-American trend in the development of Korean media was the editorial policy of the Korean media in the middle of the 20th century. This assumption is tested with the help of historical and typological analysis of the Korean mass media during the period of the American military administration in 1945-1948. In in the context of the media, a characteristic of the political situation of that period is given. A comparative descriptive method and a classification method were applied. Previously unpublished information about the structure, language, and style, circulation, audience, thematic focus of two newspapers, the most popular at that time in Korea, is presented. In addition, the most significant personalities in the field of journalism of the designated period are identified. This study not only provides an insight into the political situation and journalism of 1945-1948 but also draws attention to the origins of the long-term influence that the United States of America had on the ideological transformation of the Korean media. It was discovered that at first the American military administration in Korea guaranteed and supported freedom of the press, then an anti-communist policy was inspired and mainly pro-American publications remained in Korea. Thus, it is from the time when Korea was ruled by the American military administration that the Korean media has been favorable to the United States and negative to its opponents.

Jennie Haw, Jennie Haw, Rachel Thorpe et al.

COVID-19 has posed unprecedented challenges to health systems around the world, including blood collection agencies (BCAs). Many countries, such as Canada and Australia, that rely on non-remunerated voluntary donors saw an initial drop in donors in the early days of the pandemic followed by a return to sufficient levels of the blood supply. BCA messaging plays a key role in communicating the needs of the blood operator, promoting and encouraging donation, educating, and connecting with the public and donors. This paper is an interpretive discourse analysis of BCA messaging in Canada and Australia from March 1-July 31, 2020 to understand how BCAs constructed donation to encourage donation during this period and what this can tell us about public trust and blood operators. Drawing on multiple sources of online content and print media, our analysis identified four dominant messages during the study period: 1) blood donation is safe; 2) blood donation is designated an essential activity; 3) blood is needed; and 4) blood donation is a response to the pandemic. In Canada and Australia, our analysis suggests that: 1) in a time of uncertainty, donors and some publics trusted the BCA to be an organization with expertise to ensure that donation is safe, essential, and able to meet patient needs; and 2) BCAs demonstrated their trustworthiness by aligning their messaging with public health and scientific experts. For BCAs, our analysis supports donor communications that are transparent and responsive to public concerns and the local context to support public trust. Beyond BCAs, health organizations and leaders cannot underestimate the importance of building and maintaining public trust as countries continue to struggle with containment of the virus and encourage vaccine uptake.

Elgiz Yilmaz Altuntas, Seray Öney Doğanyiğit

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent condition that affects the lives of individuals around the world. Despite its medical and social significance, little research has been done on the living conditions of individuals diagnosed with autism in Turkey, the challenges that they and their families experience in social life. To fill this gap in the literature, this study examines how the mainstream Turkish print media cover and frame autism-related stories, through a qualitative framing analysis of 541 news reports published in widely circulated national newspapers in Turkey. Key findings include that autism is positively represented in the news media as a social fact by the support of the society and non-governmental organizations. In terms of source frame, journalists constitute the most frequently cited source in the news reports under review. We have noted that the autism-related news stories often feature nutrition and genetic/congenital factors as causes of autism. This study highlights the impact that media representations of autism have on people’s understanding of this disorder and its social implications.

Тетяна Юріївна Киричок, Надія Леонідівна Талімонова, Тетяна Євгенівна Клименко et al.

Досліджено вплив параметрів та технологічних режимів обробки латуні на якість її поверхні та адгезію захисного покриття для виготовлення форм інтагліодруку методом прямого лазерного гравіювання. Для проведення досліджень було використано модельну латунну форму (латунь марки Л63), яку було запроектовано і виготовлено фахівцями Банкнотно-монетного двору Національного банку України із застосуванням системи прямого лазерного гравіювання Jura JSP Direct Laser Engraver. Мікроскопічні дослідження зразків дозволили виявити, що у результаті обробки поверхні пластини плазмою геліконного розряду спостерігаються зміни як зовнішнього виду поверхні, так і її елементарного складу. В результаті аналізу елементарного складу поверхні виявлено, що збільшення часу обробки призводило до збільшення на поверхні частки Cu з одночасним зменшенням Zn і O. Зокрема, дослідження адгезії модельного покриття нітрид алюмінію дозволило виявити, що найвищий рівень адгезії спостерігається на поверхні латуні, що піддавалася обробці протягом 45 хв, а найменший — на необробленій поверхні. Відрив тестового елементу на необробленому зразку відбувся при зусиллі 2,2 МПа, на зразку, що піддавався обробці протягом 10 хв — 8 МПа, на зразку, що піддавався обробці протягом 45 хв — 9,8 МПа. Аналізуючи отримані результати можна дійти висновку, що у зразків, які оброблялись в плазмі геліконного розряду, показник адгезії збільшився, і це говорить про те, що обробка латуні є доцільною задля покращення в подальшому адгезії із захисним покриттям.

Emma Zavarrone, Maria Gabriella Grassia, Marina Marino et al.

The focus of this paper is to trace how mass media, particularly newspapers, have addressed the issues about the containment of contagion or the explanation of epidemiological evolution. We propose an interactive dashboard: CO.ME.T.A.. During crises it is important to shape the best communication strategies in order to respond to critical situations. In this regard, it is important to monitor the information that mass media and social platforms convey. The dashboard allows to explore the mining of contents extracted and study the lexical structure that links the main discussion topics. The dashboard merges together four methods: text mining, sentiment analysis, textual network analysis and latent topic models. Results obtained on a subset of documents show not only a health-related semantic dimension, but it also extends to social-economic dimensions.

Apoorv Kulkarni, Gian Domenico Soraru, Joshua Pearce

A promising method for obtaining ceramic components with additive manufacturing (AM) is to use a two-step process of first printing the artifact in polymer and then converting it to ceramic using pyrolysis to form polymer derived ceramics (PDCs). AM of ceramic components using PDCs has been demonstrated with a number of high-cost techniques, but data is lacking for fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based 3-D printing. This study investigates the potential to use the lower-cost, more widespread and accessible FFF-based 3-D printing of PDCs. Low-cost FFF machines have a resolution limit set by the nozzle width, which is inferior to the resolutions obtained with expensive SLA or SLS AM systems. To match the performance a partial PDC conversion is used here, where only the outer surface of the printed polymer frame is converted to ceramic. Here the FFF-based 3-D printed sample is coated with a preceramic polymer and then it is converted into the corresponding PDC sample with a high temperature pyrolysis process. A screening experiment is performed on commercial filaments to obtain ceramic 3-D prints by surface coating both hard thermoplastics: poly lactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), nylon alloys, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and co-polyesters; and flexible materials including: flexible PLA, thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic polyurethane filaments. Mass and volume changes were quantified for the soaking and pyrolysis steps to form a hollow ceramic skin. All 3-D printing materials extruded at 250 microns successfully produced ceramics skins of less than 100 microns. Details on the advantages and disadvantages of the different 3-D printing polymer precursors are discussed for this processing regime. The results are analyzed and discussed in order to provide guidance for more widespread application of AM of PDCs.

Salau Shehu A., Aliu Robiu O., Nofiu Nofiu B.

Nigeria is among countries of the world confronted with the food insecurity problem. The agricultural production systems that produce food for the teeming population are not sustainable. Consequently, the use of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) technologies becomes a viable option. This study assessed the effect of SLM technologies on farming households' food security in Kwara State, Nigeria. A random sampling technique was used to pick 200 farming households for this study. The analytical tools included descriptive statistics, Shriar index, Likert scale, food security index and logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that the average age of the respondents was 51.8 years. The food security index showed that the proportions of food secure and insecure households were 35% and 65% respectively. The binary logistic regression revealed that SLM technologies were one of the critical determinants of food security. An increase in the usage of SLM technologies by 0.106% raised food security by 1%. Other important factors that were estimated included farm income, family size, gender and age of the household head. To reduce the effects of food insecurity, the effective coping strategies adopted by the respondents were reduction in quantity and quality of food consumed, engaging in off-farm jobs to increase household income and using of money proposed for other purposes to buy foods. Governments at all levels should encourage the adoption and use of SLM technologies through both print and electronic media. Policies and strategies towards reducing the household size should be vigorously pursued to reduce food insecurity.

Руслан Любомирович Тріщук

Розроблено алгоритм керування комплексним технологічним процесом поверхневого зміцнення циліндричних деталей транспортувально-координувального вузла лінії для виготовлення інтегральних обкладинок з широким клапаном, що дозволить забезпечити оптимальні режими обробки деталей та раціональну послідовність їх упровадження. Застосування цього алгоритму гарантуватиме високі показники якості та прогнозовані геометричні та фізико-механічні параметри поверхні деталей. Комплексне зміцнення виконується для відновлення деталей шляхом підвищення у поверхневих шарах таких показників, як мікротвердість, зносостійкість, корозійна стійкість. Зазвичай при зміцнювальній обробці деталей поліграфічного обладнання застосовують традиційні методи, здебільшого одноетапне зміцнення, або комплексне, що полягає в пластичному деформуванні поверхні з подальшою її хімічною обробкою. Але використання цих методів є обґрунтованим тільки за певних умов експлуатації деталей та їх призначення. Утім, за умов роботи деталей, що піддаються лише абразивному зношуванню і корозії, та з урахуванням необхідної точності передачі матеріалу бажаних показників поверхневих властивостей не отримують. З огляду на це проведення комплексного зміцнення поверхні сталевих валів поліграфічного обладнання здійснюється в три етапи. Перший і другий етапи передбачають зміцнення деталі поверхневим пластичним деформуванням шляхом утворення на її поверхні постійного регулярного мікрорельєфу гексагонального типу з наступним нанесенням частково регулярного мікрорельєфу у вигляді поздовжніх заглибин. На третьому етапі зміцнення деталі здійснюють іонним азотуванням у геліконному розряді. Застосовувати розроблений алгоритм можна для зміцнення не тільки досліджуваних деталей конкретного обладнання, а й будь-яких сталевих циліндричних деталей, які працюють у подібних умовах. Комплексне зміцнення виконували для відновлення деталей поліграфічного обладнання шляхом підвищення в приповерхневих шарах таких показників, як мікротвердість, зносостійкість, корозійна стійкість.