Hasil untuk "Oriental languages and literatures"

Danish Dagh, Noroz Hayat, Susan Weldon et al.

We are pleased to present the English translation of a short story written in Balochi, Beyond the Wall, together with an introduction to the life and work of the author, Danish Dagh. We also include the Balochi text of the story in Latin and Arabic script. It is our hope that this story will challenge its readers to refrain from judging other people and to begin questioning things they may have believed without ever considering whether they are right or wrong, to start thinking in new terms, to “go beyond the wall”. We also wish to extend our thanks to Carina Jahani, Uppsala University, for putting us in touch with the author and giving us valuable suggestions on our draft translation, as well as for writing the author introduction.

Ahmad Kasser Mleiki

Using the Hallidayan model, this research investigates the usage of cohesive devices in Wordsworth’s The Lucy Poems, analyzing how these linguistic aspects contribute to the overall coherence and meaning of the text. This study also aims to seek whether the students enrolled in a Discourse Analysis course can identify the cohesive devices in The Lucy Poems. A total of 26 students identifying cohesive devices from literary texts served as the study's data, with a specific focus on the top six students whose identification of cohesive devices in the selected poem, The Lucy Poems, was analyzed and compared to the overall cohesive devices present in that poem to highlight the potential of poetry as a viable resource for teaching cohesive devices. Furthermore, the findings from the top five students (the primary data) were juxtaposed with the identifications made by 20 other students (the secondary data) who analyzed short stories and fiction. This descriptive qualitative study revealed conjunctions, references, and substitutes are all recognized more thoroughly than ellipses in the selected poems. The study found about 55% of references, 32.35% of conjunctions, and 11.34% of ellipsis in The Lucy Poems. 50% of the students identified 100% of substitutions, more than 80% of conjunctions, and 67% identified more than 65% of references, whereas only 33% could identify 15% of ellipsis in Lucy’s poems. Moreover, understanding cohesive devices helps students analyze and evaluate information more efficiently. This study implies specific literary pieces might be provided to facilitate a thorough review of grammatical cohesive devices. The comparison between the primary and secondary data claims that ESL students are yet to learn the mechanics of text linkage through ellipsis, and more efforts should be made to teach the ellipsis to raise students' competency levels.

غالية سعيد عبدالله القحطاني

يتناول هذا البحث وسائل الاتساق المعجمي في قصيدة على قبر نابليون من ديوان الشوقيات لأحمد شوقي، ويدرسها دراسة نصية، تهدف إلى بيان دور العلاقات المعجمية في اتساق وترابط هذه القصيدة، وإبراز ما فيها من قيم نصِيّة ودلالية، ويضم هذا البحث مقدمة وتمهيدًا ومبحثين، ويضم كل مبحث مجموعة من المطالب. المبحث الأول: التكرار في قصيدة (على قبر نابليون)، وأثره في اتساق النص، ويضم أربعة مطالب، هي: التكرار الكلي، التكرار الجزئي، شبه التكرار، التكرار بالترادف. المبحث الثاني: التضام في قصيدة على قبر نابليون وأثره في اتساق النص، ويضم أربعة مطالب، هي: التضاد، الارتباط بموضوع معين، علاقة الجزء بالكل، الكلمات التي تنتمي إلى مجموعة منتظمة وغير منتظمة. الخاتمة: وتضمنت أهم النتائج، منها: أن القصيدة قد استوعبت كافة وسائل الاتساق المعجمي، إذ لا يقتصر الأمر على علاقة واحدة، أو وسيلة واحدة من وسائل الاتساق، بل قد يتوفر في كل شطر أكثر من علاقة، مما يسهم في شد أجزاء النص الشعري واتساقه. وتمكن أحمد شوقي من حسن توظيف تلك الوسائل داخل قصيدته.    

Alexandr N. Komandzhaev, Badma V. Sangadzhiev, Evgeniy A. Komandzhaev

Introduction. The article introduces into scientific circulation newly discovered archival materials and analyzes actual conditions in Kalmyk Steppe of Astrakhan Governorate in the late 19th century. The issue remains topical enough, which results from its poor historiographic tradition: only a few works have been published in the modern period just to outline some fragmentary aspects. In addition, interdisciplinary, civilizational and cultural approaches are urgently needed to address this theme. Goals. The work attempts a complex characterization of Kalmyk uluses and Kalmyk society in the late 19th century. The former shall be instrumental in defining traditional features and identifying the degree of introduction of new phenomena in socioeconomic development of the region. So, the paper provides data on quite a range of aspects inherent to Kalmyk life. The chronological framework of the study (late 19th century) is well justified: the Kalmyks had spent almost 300 years within Russia’s borders, which makes it possible to determine the degree of preservation of traditional essentials and identify the influence of innovations. Materials and methods. The work employs a set of general scientific and special historical research methods. Special attention is paid to the principles of historicism and systemacity helpful in analyzing events from over 100 years ago and considering the latter in connection with other aspects of Kalmyk social life. Interdisciplinary and civilizational approaches make it possible to present objective accounts of complex processes. The mentioned documents are stored at the Russian State Historical Archive and the National Archive of Kalmykia. The former are mainly represented by consolidated annual reports of Astrakhan Governor describing actual conditions in Kalmyk Steppe — a special administrative and territorial unit of Astrakhan Governorate. Results. The paper analyzes the reports for data on territory and population of Kalmyk Steppe, economy and social structure of Kalmyk society, school and medical aid systems. It also stresses accounts of Astrakhan Kalmyks’ moral appearances by Astrakhan officials. Conclusions. The study shows that Astrakhan Kalmyks were still a traditional nomadic society at the turn of the 20th century. Their livelihood was based on extensive nomadic livestock breeding with the same species and breeds as 300 years ago, though some innovations had been perceived (occasional winter forage conservation, construction of permanent buildings in some localities). All needs of Kalmyks were fully satisfied with their own farmsteads. The innovations included attempts to engage in agricultural activities in suitable areas of Maloderbetovsky Ulus next to resettled Russian peasants, and the involvement of Kalmyk communities in market relations.

Ari Khairurrijal Fahmi, Miatin Rachmawati, Kamal Surong

The aim of study was a deep understanding of the description of content validity of a LMS-Moodle Based to support learning Arabic academic writing. This research focused on tracing LMS that are suitable to be used to carry out Arabic academic writing learning in college. This study used a Research and Development method that combines two research methods to describe the validation mechanism of the LMS-Moodle Based device for learning of Arabic writing. To develop this research instrument, the researchers developed an instrument based on the IPA Matrix analysis. After developing the instrument, LMS assessment was carried out by several experts in the field of learning media who assessed the LMS used in learning Arabic academic writing. The results of this study indicated that the LMS used for learning Arabic academic writing is feasible to use based on the measurement of the matrix science.  

Алексей Алексеевич Бурыкин

Статья рассматривает материал о кошке в культуре калмыков и других монголоязычных народов. Вопреки ожиданиям, связанным с культурой номадов, в новых материалах по калмыцкому фольклору кошка представлена в калмыцком фольклоре в значительном объеме разнообразных примеров. Кошка, спасенная от смерти купившим ее новым хозяином, вместе с собакой становится его помощником. Аналогичный сюжет встречается у бурят и у корейцев, у которых встречается много мотивов, связанных с кошкой и сходных с мотивами у калмыков, монголов и бурят. Важно, что кошка выступает как охранитель буддийских рукописей и хурулов, возможно, что распространение кошек в Центральной Азии и странах Дальнего Востока связано с распространением буддизма и по событиям, и по времени. Цель. В связи с большим объемом нового материала о кошке в фольклоре калмыков появилась необходимость осветить этнографические материалы о характеристике отношения к кошке у калмыков, выявить параллели к рассказам и сказкам о кошке у калмыков, выявить единство культурного компонента в рассказах о кошке у калмыков, бурят, монголов, китайцев и корейцев, оценить степень сходства сравниваемых текстов, определить самостоятельность этнографически значимых элементов в сравниваемых текстах, отграничить характеристики реалий от чисто сюжетных фольклорных элементов. Результаты. Отмечена связь некоторых представлений, связанных с кошкой, в виде их реализации в фольклоре и повседневного отношения к кошке в быту калмыков в 1920–1930-е годы по этнографическим источникам. Прослежена распространенность отдельных сюжетов, в которых присутствуют кошка и собака, среди монголоязычных народов с их аналогиями во Внутренней Монголии, Китае и Корее, при этом оказывается, что в фольклоре корейцев культ кошек представлен наиболее выразительно и связан с культом тигра (кошки ― потомки брачного союза человека и тигрицы). Распространение кошек связывается с отменой традиции убивать стариков. Распространение кошек по фольклорным рассказам калмыков, корейцев и тувинцев связывается с необходимостью заводить кошек в буддийских монастырях для того, чтобы кошки охраняли буддийские рукописи от мышей, таким образом, распространение кошек среди народов Центральной Азии и Дальнего Востока связывается по времени с распространением буддийского вероучения в этом регионе. В то же время культурные составляющие, связанные с отношением к кошке, у буддистов не связаны с почтительным отношением к кошке в исламе, соотнесенным с личностью Пророка Мухаммеда.

Skaza, Aleksander

haydar zohrab, محمود خورسندي, Shaker Amery

Arabic literature has long been blessed with a kind of poetry called lampoon in which the poet portrays ugly characteristics of an individual or a group. Gradually, the scope of this kind of poetry has been drawn to political literature, as in the works by the poets of the Umayyad Party, such as Akhtal and Meskin Daremi, and Ahwas, as well as Shiite poets. Some examples of this kind of poems can also be found in the poems of such poets as Komeit bin Zaid Asadi, Seyed Ismail Hemyari, and Da'bal Khazaee. This paper uses a descriptive method based on statistical data to study this kind of poetry in the satirical poems of Seyed Heidar Helli and seeks to introduce the various political lampoons used in this kind of poetry. It also tries to answer the question of why the poet is more inclined to use the "history-based lampoons" either directly or implicitly. The results of this study suggest that the political lampoons used in these satirical poem, either the direct or the indirect ones, can be divided into three categories: 1. Exaggerated lampoons, 2. lampoons laced with praise, and 3. History-based lampoons, the reason for the poet's desire to prefer the third category being its persuasive function because of its resort to historical data as well as the harmony of this type of lampoons to ethical and religious principles.

T. I. Sharaeva

The article considers the Kalmyk Buddhist tradition through the prism of images depicted in decorative and applied arts. The author emphasizes the interrelations between Kalmyk folk traditions of decorative and applied arts and the nomadic way of life, points out some features of such arts in the sphere of religion that emerged due to the autonomous development of Buddhism in the North Caspian Steppe after the Kalmyk Khanate was abolished in the late 18th century and links with the Buddhist world of Central Asia were disrupted. The work shows that the diverse historical events resulted not only in the Kalmyks’ conversion to sedentary life but, moreover, the very process was accompanied by virtually a complete a loss of material culture and related original traditions of decorative and applied arts, including manufacturing of Buddhist icons and sculptures. The Kalmyk tradition had once elaborated ‘own’ images of Buddhist deities - with due regard of religious syncretism and folk Buddhism. The image of Green Tara associated with the traditional cult of the Progenitor Mother has always been - and still is - a most revered one among the Kalmyks. In modern realia, the worship of the image of Green Tara obtains new features which are refl ected in new forms of national decorative and applied arts.

G. S. Bitkeeva

Euphemisms in the “language of Kalmyk women”, occurring due to taboos on mentioning the names of elder relatives of the husband, are an important aspect of Kalmyk women’s conversational etiquette and have a certain impact on the functions and development of the language. Such euphemisms are part of the whole system of ethical behavioral norms for Kalmyk women. The research results show that they have been created with due regard to the social and cultural conditions characteristic of the Kalmyks’ nomadic mode of life. Euphemisms are, like the system of ethical behavioral norms for women in general, supposed to strengthen the most important part of society - the family with the housewife / wife being its central figure, and tend to serve as means of fostering children, the future generations of the family and society. The paper presents a short critical review of the conducted research that dealt with euphemisms in the “language of Kalmyk women”. The first part of the review presents an analysis of a strictly linguistic aspect of the issue. The examples and their description show that those euphemisms, their structure and the way they form constitute a broad functional sphere in Kalmyk speech. This is the absolute character of the taboos on names that give rise to euphemisms, namely the names of older relatives are subjects to permanent taboos. Firstly, it does not matter whether the person the mention of whose name is tabooed is present or not at the moment of a woman’s speech. According to the second rule, taboos are applied not only to the names of living elder relatives of the husband but also those who had passed away long time ago, down to the tenth generation. Thirdly, the names of complete strangers are tabooed if those are identical to or resemble the names of the husband’s elder relatives. Fourthly, since many Kalmyk names comprise common words denoting household items, plants, minerals, the latter take a wide range of forms. The second part of the paper presents quotations that illustrate different opinions regarding the social and cultural judgments of euphemisms. Some respondents characterize euphemisms as a means to subjugate women designating them as vestiges of the past. The respondents are public persons. There is also a presentation of opinions regarding moral and ethical behavioral norms for women, traditional behavior for men and women in daily life, e.g. during dancing events and outdoor meetings. Those characterize people’s behavior in personal daily and social life that used to (and still do) take forms of high culture. The critical analysis of the existing research studies as well as the independent research of definite materials allow to conclude that euphemisms in the “language of Kalmyk women” are a cultural phenomenon and constitute a part of the system of ethical behavioral norms for Kalmyk women.

Dihyatun Masqon

This article aims to describe: 1) the role of Arabic language, 2) the interaction of Arabic with other living languages, 3) the linguistic growth methods possessed by the Arabic language, and 4) Some of the basics in teaching Arabic language for non-native speakers.

N. Badmaeva

The article analyzes the results of the expert survey on the issues of regional migration, inter-ethnic relations and the measures necessary for the stable development of the region.

Irina Nadbitova

The article is devoted to the plot body of the Kalmyk fairy-tales. The analysis has shown that there are international and local plots in the Kalmyk folklore tradition.

E. Vyatkina

The article is devoted to ethnopoetics of Elena Gan’s novel «Utballa», and namely to its Kalmyk component. The author analyzes the poetics of heading and names, chronotope, ethnographic details of Kalmyk life. Characterological and plot forming role of legends is defined. The characteristic peculiarities of the «alien» world (customs, traditions, rites and religion) are described as one of the essential typological feature of Russian romantic novel of the beginning of the 19th century.

Bobryk, Roman

Artykuł jest próbą interpretacji wiersza Zbigniewa Herberta Trzy studia na temat realizmu z tomu Hermes, pies i gwiazda (1957). Utwór ten zbudowany jest z trzech odrębnych całostek prezentujących różne typy realizmu. Wszystkie koncepcje realizmu zostają w wierszu zdemaskowane i zanegowane (odrzucone). Dwie pierwsze zostają odrzucone (podważone) w sposób bezpośredni, natomiast w przypadku trzeciego realizmu posłużył się poeta ironią w jego prezentacji.

María Jesús Horta

B. Ashcroft, A. Mukherjee, R. Mendis