Hasil untuk "Men"

A. Eagly, S. Karau, Mona G. Makhijani

I. K. Broverman, S. R. Vogel, D. Broverman et al.

I. Goldstein, T. Lue, H. Padma-nathan et al.

K. Vetvik, E. MacGregor

Elizabeth L. Haines, K. Deaux, N. Lofaro

Yanis Merad, Matthieu Godinot, Dulce Alfaiate et al.

Abstract Background During the 2022 mpox outbreak, prophylactic vaccination was offered to at risk individuals, including men who have sex with men (MSM) with multiple sexual partners. We aimed to evaluate mpox vaccine first dose uptake in MSM and its determinants. Methods We conducted a single-centre, retrospective study using data from MSM presenting at the STI and HIV clinics of Lyon University Hospital between 1 January 2022 and 28 February 2023. First dose uptake of mpox vaccination (modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic) was evaluated across three groups of MSM: people living with HIV (PWH), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users and non-PrEP users (NPU). Uptake rates were compared with Chi2 analysis and multivariable hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using a Cox model. Results A total of 9,256 MSM (PWH, n = 1,946; PrEP, n = 2,528; NPU, n = 4,782) were included. By February 2023, the first dose uptake rate was 49.6% (4,590/9,256). PrEP users were more likely to get vaccinated (72.2%) than PWH (32.7%, p < 0.0001) and NPU (44.5%, p < 0.0001). Half of PrEP users had been vaccinated by day 67 of the vaccination campaign. In multivariable analysis, an age ≤ 25 yo (HR, 0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–0.38]), as well as an age > 60 yo (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.72–0.95]) and HIV infection (HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.41–0.50]) were associated with a lower first dose uptake, as opposed to PrEP use (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.59–1.81]) and chemsex (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.30–1.54]). Conclusions In this large cohort of MSM, first dose uptake was high, especially in PrEP users. Among MSM at risk for mpox, PWH and younger individuals should be priority targets for vaccine promotion.

Ola Bratt, Salma Tunå Butt, Charlotte Carlsson et al.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the regional, population-based, organised prostate cancer testing (OPT) programmes that are being introduced throughout Sweden: motives, structure, target population, diagnostic algorithm, quality control, outcomes, research, and future perspectives. Results: In 2018, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare renewed their recommendation against screening for prostate cancer. Despite this, regional OPT was considered motivated to (1) improve cost-effectiveness compared with unorganised testing, (2) improve equity by giving every man in the target population a chance to make an informed choice, and (3) gain diagnostic and organisational knowledge. The OPT programmes are provided as a regional public healthcare service. They are coordinated by a national working group. The final target population is all men aged 50–74 years. Regional OPT offices use a national administrative system to organise all steps from sending invitation letters to prostate biopsy according to a strict diagnostic algorithm. General practice is involved for blood draw only or not at all. Data are registered in a national register (SweOPT); an annual report is published with the regions’ performance on key indicators. At the end of 2024, 16 of the 21 Swedish regions had started OPT and invited 256,000 men with an average cumulative participation rate of 43%. A consortium co-ordinates OPT-related research. A general experience is that communication and organisational matters have been more challenging than medical decisions. Conclusions: The Swedish population-based OPT programmes provide organisational experiences, diagnostic outcomes, and research results of value for future national prostate cancer screening programmes.

Elochukwu Ezenwankwo, Delva Shamley, Estelle V. Lambert et al.

Purpose of the study This study aimed to explore the contextual and multilevel challenges to promoting exercise engagement among prostate cancer survivors in a low-resource setting, with a focus on integrating exercise-based rehabilitation into routine care and survivorship care planning, using a qualitative approach grounded in interpretative description. Methods Sixteen prostate cancer survivors (aged 53–77 years) were purposively sampled from public and private healthcare facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. Semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted using a topic guide informed by prior research. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. Results Four major themes were identified. Findings highlighted stark contrasts in exercise engagement between men treated in private versus public healthcare settings. Exercise was essential to private patients, whereas most public patients showed limited interest. Factors influencing engagement included knowledge gaps, treatment complications, fear of worsening symptoms, and age-related comorbidities. Socio-environmental barriers—such as neighbourhood safety and poor work-life balance—reduced exercise opportunities. Facility-level issues included inconsistent messaging from providers, lack of exercise oncology pathways, and absent referral systems. Conclusion Our study identified key multilevel influences surrounding exercise promotion and integration in routine care for prostate cancer survivors receiving treatment in private and public healthcare settings. While highlighting the opportunities/challenges surrounding integrating exercise programs in routine management, our findings offer program planners valuable insights for planning and developing interventions in resource-constrained settings.

Xiangrui Li, Li Deng, Hailun Xie et al.

Abstract Background Systemic inflammation and nutritional status are key factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of a new nutritional and inflammatory index, Prognostic Nutritional CRP Ratio (NCR), in patients with cancer cachexia. Methods This prospective multicenter study analyzed 3,447 patients diagnosed with cancer cachexia across over 40 clinical centers in China, from June 2012 to December 2023. The NCR was calculated as BMI × albumin / CRP. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality. The relationship between NCR and all-cause mortality was assessed using restricted cubic spline modeling. The optimal cutoff value for NCR was determined through maximally selected rank statistics. Results Among the 3,447 individuals diagnosed with cancer cachexia in our study, 2,296 (66.6%) were men, and 1,151 (33.4%) were women. With a median follow-up duration of 45.33 months, the mean age of the participants was 63.8 ± 11.4 years. We observed that lower NCR levels were prevalent among cachexia patients across a spectrum of cancer types, including lung, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. We observed that lower NCR levels were prevalent among cachexia patients across a spectrum of cancer types, including lung, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. This correlation held true across diverse patient subgroups, delineated by gender, age, smoking status, BMI, TNM stage, and tumor types, underscoring the broad applicability of NCR as a prognostic marker. Moreover, our findings highlighted that cancer cachexia patients with higher NCR levels experienced a significantly improved quality of life. Conclusion The NCR, indicative of nutritional status and inflammation, is associated with reduced all-cause mortality and could be a valuable prognostic marker for patients with cancer cachexia.

Hayder Abdulhadi Saleh Albdairi, Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar

Background: Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) and Stabilin-2 (STAB2), known as extracellular matrix cell surface protein’s receptors, bind to hyaluronic acid and lead to various cell functions. Objective: The study aims to investigate the relationship between the HMMR-rs299295 (C>T/ A485V) and STAB2-rs2271637 (C>G/ L2401V) gene variants and the risk of prostate neoplasms in the Mazandaran population, North of Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on a case-control and in silico approach. Genomic DNA was extracted from 598 intravenous blood samples, collected from 250 benign prostatic hyperplasia (case group I) and 250 malignant prostate (case group II) neoplasms as cases, and 98 healthy men as control. The HMMR-rs299295 and STAB2-rs2271637 genotypes were identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted using PolyPhen-2, GOR IV, and GeneMANIA free web tools. Results: The study found that the mutant T allele in HMMR-rs299295 and the G allele in STAB2-rs2271637 are associated with an increased risk of prostate neoplasm, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (p < 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses revealed structural changes and potential damage from these variants. The HMMR-A485V variant might impair interaction with family with sequence similarity 83 member D, and the STAB2-L2401V variant could disrupt domain 7 of FAS1, together they may affect the protein’s physical interactions, especially with mitogen-activated protein kinase 1. Conclusion: The mutant alleles of T in HMMR-rs299295 and the G in STAB2-rs2271637 may disrupt protein structures and probably contribute to prostate neoplasm progression.

Iván J. Núñez-Gil, Emiliano A. Rodríguez-Caulo, M. Dolores García-Cosío et al.

Resumen: En los últimos años se ha apreciado un cambio notable en la práctica clínica cardiovascular en cardiología y cirugía. El objetivo del estudio CARDIOXCARDIO es conocer la opinión de los profesionales respecto al modo de trabajo y las relaciones entre especialidades. Se realizó una encuesta remitida simultáneamente a los 4.442 miembros de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Endovascular (SECCE) y de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (SEC), de la cual se obtuvieron 385 respuestas válidas. El 59% de los encuestados eran varones, mayoritariamente especialistas (el 7,3% residentes), y el 74,8% pertenecía al ámbito de la cardiología, predominantemente en centros públicos (88,3%). Mediante una escala Likert de 1 a 5 (de peor a mejor), los encuestados puntuaron la relación entre cirugía y cardiología con una media de 3,57 ± 0,9 puntos. La opinión de los cardiólogos sobre los cirujanos alcanzó una puntuación media de 3,83 ± 0,8 y viceversa, una media de 3,92 ± 0,72. Además, proporcionaron múltiples sugerencias de mejora que se discuten en detalle, con ciertas diferencias de criterio entre especialidades. La implementación de estrategias basadas en las sugerencias de los profesionales, junto con un enfoque proactivo en la mejora continua, podría tener un impacto sustancial en la calidad de la atención cardiovascular en España. Abstract: In recent years, there has been a notable shift in cardiovascular clinical practice within cardiology and surgery. The CARDIOXCARDIO study aimed to identify professionals’ opinions on working practices and relations between specialties. A survey was simultaneously sent to the 4442 members of the Spanish Society of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery (SECCE) and the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC), yielding 385 valid responses. More than half (59%) of respondents were men, mostly specialists (7.3% residents), and 74.8% worked in the field of cardiology, predominantly in public centers (88.3%). Using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 (worst to best), respondents rated relations between surgery and cardiology with an average of 3.57 ± 0.9 points. Cardiologists rated surgeons with a mean score of 3.83 ± 0.8, while surgeons gave cardiologists a mean score of 3,92 ± 0.72. In addition, respondents provided numerous suggestions for improvement, which are discussed in detail, highlighting certain discrepancies in criteria between specialties. Implementing strategies based on the suggestions of professionals, together with a proactive approach to continuous improvement, could substantially enhance the quality of cardiovascular care in Spain.

Benedict Witzenberger, Jürgen Pfeffer

Women are underrepresented in many areas of journalistic newsrooms. In this paper, we examine if this established effect persists in the new forms of journalistic communication, namely social media networks. We use mentions, retweets, and hashtags as measures of journalistic amplification and legitimation. Furthermore, we compare two groups of journalists in different stages of development: political and data journalists in Germany in 2021. Our results show that journalists identified as women tend to favor other women journalists in mentions and retweets on Twitter (now called X), compared to men. While both professions are dominated by men, with a high share of tweets authored by men, women mention and retweet other women more than their male colleagues. Female data journalists also leverage different sources than men. In addition, we found data journalists to be more inclusive of non-member sources in their networks compared to political journalists.

Amirreza Sajjadieh Khajouei, Maryam Rabbani, Parvin Bahrami

INTRODUCTION: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major public health problem with over 90% case fatality. Although it is known that good quality of cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) leads to improved patient outcomes, health care practitioners commonly perform sub-optimal CPR. The CPR feedback device is a small device designed to measure the number and depth of chest compressions (CC) and if the rate of compressions or the depth of the compressions is low or high, it will try to correct the CPR operation by announcing a warning to the resuscitator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this device which was designed and made by the authors&rsquo; technician study group member in improving CPR operations, to determine the need for it in all hospitals on a routine basis.METHOD: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients who have suffered from cardio-pulmonary arrest in Al-Zahra Hospital in 2020. Patients needed primary CPR for any reason, were randomly divided into two groups using random allocation software. The first group contains patients as the CPR Feedback device is on and alarm is on and warns, if resuscitation is ineffective, the second group also uses the device, but with the difference that the alarm is off. The data was analyzed by general linear model method (repeated measure ANOVA).RESULTS: &nbsp;80 patients were studied, including 63 men (79%) and 17 women (21%). Patients were divided among two groups. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between two groups. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between group and time for the compression depth variable and there was no significant difference in the depth of compressions between the two groups(P&gt;0.05). For the rate of compressions, there was a significant interaction between group and time. These results indicate that turning on the CPR feedback device&rsquo;s warning increases the number of compressions during CPR and, as a result, makes it more effective. The between-group effect which showed the difference in the number of compressions in the two groups, was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001).CONCLUSION: These results indicated that turning on the CPR feedback device&rsquo;s warning increases the rate of compressions during CPR and, as a result, makes it more effective. Therefore, the use of real-time CPR feedback device during chest compression in real-time CPR improves the quality of CPR. &nbsp;

Marcel Autran C MACHADO, Murillo M LOBO-FILHO, Bruno H MATTOS et al.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Robotic surgery has gained growing acceptance in recent years, expanding to liver resection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to report the experience with our first fifty robotic liver resections. METHODS: This was a single-cohort, retrospective study. From May 2018 to December 2020, 50 consecutive patients underwent robotic liver resection in a single center. All patients with indication for minimally invasive liver resection underwent robotic hepatectomy. The indication for the use of minimally invasive technique followed practical guidelines based on the second international laparoscopic liver consensus conference. RESULTS: The proportion of robotic liver resection was 58.8% of all liver resections. Thirty women and 20 men with median age of 61 years underwent robotic liver resection. Forty-two patients were operated on for malignant diseases. Major liver resection was performed in 16 (32%) patients. Intrahepatic Glissonian approach was used in 28 patients for anatomical resection. In sixteen patients, the robotic liver resection was a redo hepatectomy. In 10 patients, previous liver resection was an open resection and in six it was minimally invasive resection. Simultaneous colon resection was done in three patients. One patient was converted to open resection. Two patients received blood transfusion. Four (8%) patients presented postoperative complications. No 90-day mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: The use of the robot for liver surgery allowed to perform increasingly difficult procedures with similar outcomes of less difficult liver resections.

Zsuzsa Kalmár, Violeta Briciu, Mircea Coroian et al.

Abstract Background The Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) genogroup is the causative agent responsible for Lyme borreliosis, a common tick-borne infectious disease in some temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In humans, the clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis vary from dermatological infection to severe systemic manifestations. In Romania, data on the seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis and associated risk factors are scarce and outdated, as the only seroprevalence study with a large dataset was published more than 20 years ago. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in healthy blood donors from six Romanian counties and identify the associated risk factors. Methods The study was conducted among 1200 healthy blood donors aged between 18 and 65 years during November 2019 and September 2020 from six counties in the northwestern and central parts of Romania. A two-tiered testing strategy was applied. Positive and equivocal immunoenzymatic test results for IgG and IgM antibodies were further confirmed by Western blot. Results Serum samples from 20% of the blood donors had positive or equivocal IgG and IgM ELISA index values. In total, 2.3% of the serum samples for IgG and 1.8% for IgM were positive by Western blot. The seroprevalence for both antibodies varied between 1.5% (Satu-Mare) and 6.5% (Bistrița-Năsăud) in the six counties investigated. The highest seroprevalence was observed in men (4.7%), in blood donors performing their professional activities outdoors (4.2%), and in those aged  ≥ 56 years (8%). Conclusions These findings confirm the presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies to B. burgdorferi s.l. among healthy blood donors from Romania. Furthermore, potential risk factors, such as gender, age, and behavior, associated with the presence of positive B. burgdorferi s.l. antibodies among healthy blood donors were identified. Graphical Abstract

Meng Ni, Aijun Jiang, Wenju Liu et al.

Abstract Background The treatment for brain metastases in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare different brain radiotherapy treatments on SCLC patients with brain metastases. Methods In this multi-center retrospective study, SCLC patients who had undergone whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively screened. Results A total of 263 eligible SCLC patients were included in this study, among whom, 73 were women and 190 were men. According to accepted brain radiotherapy, the remaining patients were divided into WBRT plus focal radiation boost (WBRT+boost), WBRT, and SRS groups. In pairwise comparisons of the overall survival (OS), WBRT+boost group led to longer survival than did WBRT both in all patients (17.9 vs 8.7 months; P < 0.001) and 140 matched patients (17.9 vs 11.7 months; P = 0.045). There were no significant differences in OS between WBRT+boost and SRS groups in all patients (17.9 vs 14.5 months; P = 0.432). Among 74 matched patients between WBRT+boost and SRS groups, however, patients who received WBRT+boost led to a longer survival than did SRS alone (21.8 vs 12.9 months; P = 0.040). In pairwise comparison of the intracranial progression-free survival time (iPFS), WBRT+boost group also showed survival advantages over WBRT (10.8 vs 6.5 months; P = 0.005) and SRS groups (10.8 vs 7.5 months; P = 0.032). Conclusion Due to the SCLC-derived multiple brain metastases and better survival time, focal radiation boost combined with adjuvant WBRT may be a preferred strategy for SCLC patients with brain metastases.

Gary L. Faulkner, Michael S. Kimmel, M. Messner

Linda D. Garnets, G. Herek, Bar Levy

L. Morris, A. Distenfeld, E. Amorosi et al.

Georges Reniers, Sylvia Blom, Judith Lieber et al.

<h4>Background</h4>Women live on average five years longer than men, and the sex difference in longevity is typically lower in populations with high mortality. South Africa-a high mortality population with a large sex disparity-is an exception, but the causes of death that contribute to this difference are not well understood.<h4>Methods</h4>Using data from a demographic surveillance system in rural KwaZulu-Natal (2000-2014), we estimate differences between male and female adult life expectancy by HIV status. The contribution of causes of death to these life expectancy differences are computed with demographic decomposition techniques. Cause of death information comes from verbal autopsy interviews that are interpreted with the InSilicoVA tool.<h4>Results</h4>Adult women lived an average of 10.4 years (95% confidence Interval 9.0-11.6) longer than men. Sex differences in adult life expectancy were even larger when disaggregated by HIV status: 13.1 (95% confidence interval 10.7-15.3) and 11.2 (95% confidence interval 7.5-14.8) years among known HIV negatives and positives, respectively. Elevated male mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and external injuries were responsible for 43% and 31% of the sex difference in life expectancy among the HIV negative population, and 81% and 16% of the difference among people living with HIV.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The sex differences in adult life expectancy in rural KwaZulu-Natal are exceptionally large, atypical for an African population, and largely driven by high male mortality from pulmonary TB and injuries. This is the case for both HIV positive and HIV negative men and women, signalling a need to improve the engagement of men with health services, irrespective of their HIV status.