This study explains the establishment of the concept of masculinity in the
discipline of geography and how hegemonic masculinity is formed in places
and places. Since masculinity is an interdisciplinary subject, the works of
sociologists and feminist social and cultural geographers were used. It
consists of sections on geography and hegemonic masculinity, organizing
hegemonic masculinity, radical feminism and masculinity, place, patriarchy
and heteronormativity, Spaces have become central to the production of
gendered and sexualized bodies. The closet in spaces has become a place
where gender and sexuality performances take place. In closet spaces that are
connected to each other, masculinity is constructed relationally, thus
patriarchy and heteronormativity are reproduced. This situation caused the
oppression of homosexual men and women in the closet and the subordination
of women. For social change, homosexual rights must be guaranteed and the
discipline of geography, which is often heterosexist, must change. The aim of
this study is to contribute to the discussion of these issues in geography studies
in Turkey, to compile the literature and to create an environment for these
concepts to be established, especially in Turkish.
This study evaluates the use of close-range photogrammetry, specifically the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) technique, for assessing road surface deformations. Utilizing a low-cost GoPro Hero 10 action camera, 3D models were created for a 45-meter degraded road section, in order to calculate the volume of road surface defects. Three image collection strategies were compared: only near-nadiral imagery, and near-nadiral plus one or two tracks of oblique images, respectively. Reference data was obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), in order to assess the level of accuracy for deformation volumes calculated from SfM data. The photogrammetric models, scaled and georeferenced using Ground Control Points (GCPs), allowed for an accurate assessment of deformation volumes (RMSEs of 0.16–0.18 dm<sup>3</sup> for the 32 potholes identified in the studied sector) and road surface reconstruction (with average displacements between SfM and TLS point clouds of 0.007–0.13 meters). Deformation volumes extracted from SfM 3D models of the road surface are highly correlated with reference volumes from TLS data, regardless of image collection strategy. However, using at least one track of oblique image collection leads to an accuracy improvement. Our findings confirm that close-range photogrammetry with a low-cost, easily available action camera, is an effective, cost-effective alternative for monitoring road deformations, offering high-resolution 3D models suitable for precise volume and depth measurements. However, the technique does have some limitations, mainly related to the need of GCPs in order to scale the 3D models and the significant amount of manual labour necessary in order to calculate the volume of road surface defects.
Sebastien Bourdin, Leila Kebir, Stanislav Ivanov
et al.
In recent years, the tourism sector has undergone a significant transformation, driven by the rise of technology and digitalization. Whereas travel was once seen as an escape from everyday life, it is now augmented and enriched by a wide range of digital tools that shape every stage of the traveler's experience (Ahmad et al., 2023). From this point of view, the pandemic has acted as a driving force behind this digitalization, both in terms of services offered by tourism actors and the openness of tourists toward digital tools, smart apps, and immersive experiences. Digitalisation has also served as a catalyst for numerous strategies aimed at enhancing the territorial resilience of the European Union in response to this unforeseen shock (Entin & Galushko, 2021).
Atieh Alipour, Farnaz Yarveysi, Hamed Moftakhari
et al.
Abstract The current Tropical Cyclones (TCs) scaling system, Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS), characterizes the hazardousness of these events solely based on wind speed. This is despite the fact that TCs are classic examples of compound hazards during which multiple hazard drivers that are wind, storm surge, and intense rainfall interact and yield in impacts greater than the sum of individuals. Studies have shown that people's decision to evacuate is highly related to the estimated SSHWS category. Thus, the current SSHWS ‐based classification of TCs yields an underestimation of the hazardousness of TCs and so may misguide the threatened communities. Here, we propose a new scaling system that uses Copulas for categorizing TCs based on the likelihood of a given set of severity for rainfall, surge, and wind speed. We use a variety of data sources to obtain the timing and intensity of wind speed, rainfall along the track, and the associated maximum surge for 102 TCs that have made landfall in the United States' Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1979 and 2020. Comparing the outputs of our scaling system with official damage reporting for the costliest TCs in the history of the United States, we show that the proposed approach significantly improves TC hazard communication and can be useful for informing decision makers and emergency responders.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway, which is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which lysosomes decompose their own organelles and recycle the resulting macromolecules. Autophagy is critical in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and function, and excessive or insufficient autophagy or autophagic flux can lead to cardiovascular disease. Enormous evidence indicates that exercise training plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The regulation of autophagy during exercise is a bidirectional process. For cardiovascular disease caused by either insufficient or excessive autophagy, exercise training restores normal autophagy function and delays the progression of cardiovascular disease. An in-depth exploration and discussion of exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system can broaden our view about the prevention of various autophagy-related diseases through exercise training. In this article, we review autophagy and its related signaling pathways, as well as autophagy-dependent beneficial effects of exercise in cardiovascular system.
In Nepal’s public discourse, Christianity is often described as a divisive force, perhaps a plot by foreign powers to undermine the cohesion of Nepali society. In this article, I present ethnographic material from Bhaktapur suggesting that, at least with respect to family life, the social effects of conversion may often differ from this stereotypical picture. In Bhaktapur, I argue, conversion is more frequently a consequence of pre-existing conflicts within families than a source of new ones. Furthermore, in some contexts, the social, ethical, and ritual practices of Bhaktapurian churches can bring reconciliation to troubled families. In other contexts, conversion can heighten intrafamilial tensions, in particular through the commitment it brings to exclusivist theology. I explore how converts negotiate the conversion process and the tensions that precipitate and result from it, describing how familial power dynamics influence such negotiations. To give the reader a fleshed-out sense of the lived experience of Christian and part-Christian families in Bhaktapur, I give thick descriptions of the conversions of one church minister and his family, and of a church house fellowship in which post-conversion family tensions are discussed. Connecting this ethnography with wider research on Bhaktapurian Christianity, I delineate the competing forces at work in converts’ family lives. In light of the rapid growth of Christianity in Nepal, and the heated and sometimes violent nature of political responses to this, ethnographic research is urgently needed to examine not just the causes but also the longterm effects of Christian conversion; this will help to clarify whether patterns found in Bhaktapur are replicated elsewhere in the country.
Nikolay S. Kasimov, Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Dmitry N. Krasnikov
et al.
The National Atlas of the Arctic is a set of spatio-temporal information about the geographic, ecological, economic, historical-ethnographic, cultural, and social features of theArcticcompiled as a cartographic model of the territory. The Atlas is intended for use in a wide range of scientific, management, economic, defense, educational, and public activities. The state policy of theRussian Federationin the Arctic for the period until 2020 and beyond, states that the Arctic is of strategic importance forRussiain the 21st century. A detailed description of all sections of the Atlas is given. The Atlas can be used as an information-reference and educational resource or as a gift edition.
Afonso Feitosa Reis Neto, Sofia Oliveira de Barros Correia, Stevam Gabriel Alves
et al.
O estudo das mudanças climáticas auxilia na identificação de eventos extremos e nas suas possíveis consequências para a sociedade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar se o evento meteorológico extremo que ocorreu em Palmares/PE, em junho de 2010, ocasionou o surgimento de refugiados e/ou deslocados ambientais. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foi utilizado o software Climap para analisar os dados meteorológicos, assim como convenções e protocolos da Organização das Nações Unidas que disciplinam a temática das migrações de populações por causas ambientais. Além destes, também foram consultados artigos científicos e informações jornalísticas sobre o episódio ocorrido no estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados indicaram que a precipitação pluviométrica ocorrida à época foi um evento extremo que se diferenciou totalmente dos registros históricos já observados ao longo da série de dados (1964 a 2014), e que em Palmares/PE parte dos indivíduos que saíram do município podem ser considerados deslocados ambientais e não refugiados ambientais.
Jeltsje Sanne Kemerink, Stephen Ngao Munyao, Klaas Schwartz
et al.
Since the 1980s, a major change took place in public policies for water resources management. Whereas before governments primarily invested in the development, operation and maintenance of water infrastructure and were mainly concerned with the distribution of water, in the new approach they mainly focus on managing water resources systems by stipulating general frameworks for water allocation. This paper studies the rationales used to justify the water reform process in Kenya and discusses how and to what extent these rationales apply to different groups of water users within Likii catchment in the central part of the country. Adopting a critical institutionalist's perspective, this paper shows how the water resource configurations in the catchment are constituted by the interplay between a normative policy model introduced in a plural institutional context and the disparate infrastructural options available to water users as result of historically produced uneven social relations. We argue that, to progressively redress the colonial legacy, direct investments in infrastructure for marginalized water users and targeting the actual (re)distribution of water to the users might be more effective than focusing exclusively on institutional reforms.
Political institutions and public administration (General)