This article explores the impact of digitalization on the labor market within the context of a transforming economy. The purpose of this research is to investigate how digital tools and systems redefine workforce organization, skill relevance, and economic productivity. The results reveal a significant shift from manual and routine labor toward knowledge-intensive, high-skilled positions. Technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and platform work are considered as providers of s new forms of employment, such as platform-based work and remote collaboration. Flexibility as a fundamental feature of contemporary labor relations, influencing job types, work schedules, remuneration systems, mobility, and organizational design is analaused and investigated. The practical insights for policymakers, employers, and educators in developing digital competencies and inclusive, future-ready labor systems are offered.
This study aims to determine the analysis of the effect of Return on Equity (ROE), Earning per Share (EPS), Inflation, and Interest Rates on the Share Price of food and beverage sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018-2023. This research is quantitative research using secondary data taken from data published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Bank Indonesia websites. The population of all food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2023 with a total of 34 companies and sampled using the documentation method on an annual scale so that 78 samples were determined. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results found are Return on Equity (ROE) and Earning per Share (EPS) contribute to Stock Prices, while Inflation and Interest Rates do not contribute to Stock Prices.
In recent years, open education in northern Anhui Province of China has made certain contributions to promoting local economic and social development. However, there is still a prominent problem in open education in the northern part of Anhui Province: the professional ability of teachers is generally not strong; There are four reasons for these problems: the economy in the northern part of Anhui Province is generally underdeveloped, some party and government leading cadres do not pay attention to it, some open universities are not independent legal entities, and some open universities have unreasonable professional settings; It is recommended to adopt the following four countermeasures: the relevant departments of the Anhui Provincial Government should increase their support for the northern region of Anhui Province, the party committees and governments of all cities and counties in the northern region of Anhui Province should further strengthen the leadership of open education, the Anhui Open University should further strengthen the guidance of the open universities in the northern region of Anhui Province, and the open universities in the northern region of Anhui Province should also be self-reliant and self-reliant.
AbstractChapter 4 introduces cognitive labor economics. Inspired by the industrial revolution, standard production functions model the transformation of physical factors of production into physical outputs. With the growing importance of higher level decision-making skills, we need to model inputs as cognitive and outputs as improvements in decision quality. The chapter discusses how to amend human capital theory to capture the open-ended tasks that are increasingly important to earnings. The chapter also introduces recent research measuring and modeling economic decision-making skills based on the ability to apply the principle of comparative advantage. It introduces evidence that these skills help explain earnings from employment, and outlines ongoing research to track these effects in the Danish population registries.
AbstractThis chapter presents a history of cognitive economics framed in terms of Walt Rostow’s stages of economic growth. It highlights the important early contribution of Paul Samuelson, who introduced revealed preference theory, as well as that of Henry Block and Jacob Marschak, who were the first to propose measure¬ment of new basic observations to separate preferences from beliefs. It outlines ongoing research on rational inattention, bounded rationality, efficient coding, salience-based attention, imperfect memory, resource rationality, and cognitive hierarchies. It discusses important new forms of measurement that are advancing the research frontier in cognitive economics, including economic surveys, process measures, and state dependent stochastic choice data. It outlines the broader convergence of interest between psychologists and economists on the importance of cognitive constraints.
European Union financing through the different financing mechanisms and
programs of the European Union can present a competitive advantage for business startups. More specifically, European Union financing can help bring to the world and the
markets projects which would have not otherwise seen the light by simply relying on
markets, due to unavailable or insufficient financing for incipient businesses.
The area of Central and Eastern Europe by comparison to Western Europe can be
generally seen as a more fertile ground for business start-ups because the markets are less
crowded by experienced or technologically driven businesses. Legislation, traditions, ways
of doing business are also different and heterogeneous. As such, the area can be seen from
a macroeconomic point of view as strategically important for business start-ups in the
European Union and the European Union can be a differentiating financing partner for the
incipient businesses in the area. As such, a symbiosis between the two can be found if the
European Union financing programs can either discover, triage and invest into businesses
which are either socially beneficial or economically and financially profitable in the long
term.
This paper aims to explore what kinds of businesses European Union funding can
target and arguments why these options are economically viable.
Economics as a science, Business records management
The aim of the research is to analyse the features of development and current state of the main elements of venture ecosystem in Russia and the United States. To achieve this goal, the authors reveal and analyse the key features of the studied natural ecosystems. The paper considers the chronology of the stages of development of venture ecosystems in both countries, determines their current state, including the volume and number of concluded venture transactions, their ratio by stages of the investment process. The article highlights the key differences between socio-cultural factors and legal frameworks that regulate and influence the activities of venture ecosystems. The study identifies the main problematic aspects of the development of the innovative potential of the Russian Federation and the reasons for their occurrence. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the venture industry in Russia and the United States, identify on its basis, the key problems that hinder the development of the venture ecosystem in Russia, and give recommendations for overcoming.
Стаття присвячена питанням управління підприємствами ресторанного господарства в умовах використання сучасних інформаційних технологій. Визначено мету, цілі та завдання автоматизації бізнес-процесів закладів ресторанного господарства. Встановлено, що сфера ресторанного господарства поєднує такі бізнес-процеси як постачання, виробництво та реалізація. Охарактеризовано торговельний і виробничий підходи до бухгалтерського обліку в закладах ресторанного господарства. Наведено переваги основних програмних забезпечень, призначених для бухгалтерського обліку на підприємствах ресторанного господарства. Досліджено основні особливості застосування реєстраторів розрахункових операцій та програмних реєстраторів розрахункових операцій на підприємствах ресторанного господарства.
In this paper I set out to discover emerging technological tools in the field of agriculture in order to improve the quality of this environment. These instruments will lead to the creation of a plan capable of making it possible to increase the competitiveness of the South-East region. The field of intelligence is today the standard of industrial policy in Europe. It requires that financial resources and other support instruments focus on priority areas that can lead to the successful development of the region. In order to collect information to identify as accurately as possible all resources that can exploit the potential for innovation, we have created a website based on the advice of small entrepreneurs in the rural area of South–Est.
Стрімкий розвиток соціальних та політичних процесів в Україні за останні роки викликав бурхливий розвиток соціальної активності, як на індивідуальному, так і на інституціональному рівні, зокрема створення значної кількості соціальних підприємств. Зважаючи на процеси полегшення створення власного бізнесу в Україні, появу нових інноваційних форм бізнесу, та зниження довіри до традиційних інституцій в Україні та світі на фоні високої довіри до громадських об’єднань та волонтерів, саме соціальний бізнес починає відігравати все більш значущу роль в економіці. З іншого боку, поняття «соціальний бізнес» та «соціальне підприємництво» ще не визначені українським законодавство. Незважаючи на це, бізнес вимушений розвиватись в рамках існуючого законодавства. В країні динамічно розвивається волонтерський бізнес, громадські об’єднання, кооперативи, тощо. Традиційний бізнес також залучає певні схеми та інструменти для вирішення соціальних питань суспільства, зокрема у форматі КСО (Корпоративної соціальної відповідальності). Зважаючи на різноманітність форм та видів діяльності, що опікується соціальними проблемами, значно змінюється структура ринку, що потребує переосмислення концепції маркетингової діяльності та модифікації маркетингової стратегії з метою посилення соціальної складової.
Наступним важливим чинником є тенденції до посилення соціальної залученості споживачів та соціального активізму, зміни пріоритетних чинників довіри до бізнесу та брендів, в тому числі – значні очікування саме від брендів вирішення соціальних проблем суспільства, не очікуючи дій уряду. Ці тенденції в значній мірі були підсилені в 2020 році під час пандемії COVID-19 та соціальних та економічних потрясінь, що ще очікуються суспільством, в тому числі і як наслідок пандемії та пов'язаних з нею урядових обмежень. Таким чином стаття присвячена поглиблення традиційної концепції маркетингової діяльності із урахуванням соціальних тенденцій. Зокрема, розглядається процес формування та реалізації соціальної ціннісної пропозиції (social value proposition) як складової процесу позиціонування та формування концепції бренду, формування інтегрованої моделі впровадження соціального аспекту в маркетингову діяльність та вимірювання соціального впливу підприємства за рахунок розширення системи показників ефективності маркетингової діяльності із урахуванням соціальної рентабельності інвестицій SROI (Social return of investment).
D. V. Lukyantseva, L. S. Melnikova, D. V. Fedyaev
et al.
The review outlines the main legislative aspects of organization and financial support of health services for public institution employees inRussia. Specifically, the review describes the legal framework and regulations of healthcare for servicepersons and other staff within the Ministry of Defense of theRussian Federation. We discuss the financing mechanisms of the departmental health service in the Ministry of Defense. Conclusions are made on the need to improve the legislative base of financial and administrative support of healthcare for the military and associated personnel.
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Economics as a science
Insufficient staff, inappropriate collection vehicles, limited operating budgets and growing, hard to reach populations mean that solid waste management remains limited in most developing countries; Malawi is no exception. We estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) for two hypothetical solid waste collection services. Additionally, we tested the impact of the WTP question positioning relative to environmental perceptions on respondents’ WTP. The first scenario involved a five minute walk to a disposal facility; the second scenario involved a 30 min walk. Additionally, the order of the question was randomized within the questionnaire. A WTP value of K1780 was found for the five minute walk scenario when the question was placed first, and K2138 when placed after revealing the respondent’s perceptions on the environment. In the 30 min walk scenario, WTP was K945 when placed first and K1139 when placed after revealing the respondent’s perceptions on the environment. The estimated values indicate that there is both a willingness to pay for solid waste services and that there are at least two options that would be acceptable to the community; a pilot scale implementation would be required to validate the hypothetical values, especially given the dependency on problem framing. Community financing should be considered as a sustainable approach to solid waste management in underserved areas.
Formation of a market management mechanism in the Russian economy objectively requires strengthening the role of logistics in general and in the restructuring of the automotive industry in Russia in particular. In the article the main reasons that caused such an interest in the analysis is the automotive industry.Methodology. The methodological basis of this article are comparative, economic and statistical analysis methods.The purpose of this article is to reveal the key theoretical and practical issues of the role of logistics in the restructuring of the automotive industry companies, taking into account global transformations occurring in the world economy. This has allowed to specify the main issues associated with the use of logistics in the restructuring of the automotive industry in Russia.Conclusions. The following conclusions were obtained: research in the field of restructuring of the automotive industry enterprises are considered in the most general terms as "any changes to the strategic nature of the enterprise"; The second approach – the authors in their definitions focus on the restructuring of its individual aspects – goals, directions and forms of restructuring.
Uchmanowicz I, Jankowska-Polanska B, Chabowski M
et al.
Izabella Uchmanowicz,1 Beata Jankowska-Polanska,1 Mariusz Chabowski,2 Bartosz Uchmanowicz,1 Andrzej M Fal3 1Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 2Division of Nursing in Surgical Procedures, Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 3Department of Healthcare Organisation and Economics, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland Abstract: COPD is one of the most debilitating diseases. Frailty syndrome and advanced age may decrease the acceptance of illness, quality of life, and worsen health conditions in these patients, as well as lead to an increase in health care expenses. The aim of the study was to assess how the level of frailty affects the acceptance of illness in elderly patients with COPD. We also aimed to evaluate the associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors and the level of acceptance of illness, anxiety, and frailty in this group of patients. The study included 102 COPD patients with a mean age of 63.2 (standard deviation =6.5) years and grades I (3%), II (37%), III (52%), and IV (8%) by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The Polish versions of the Acceptance of Illness Scale and Tilburg frailty indicator were used. Frailty syndrome was found in 77 (75.5%) patients, with an average score of 7.42 (standard deviation =2.24). Coexisting diseases such as hypertension (46.07%), coronary artery disease (32.35%), heart failure (28.43%), diabetes (18.63%), and heart arrhythmia (9.8%) were found among the subjects. The overall level of acceptance of illness was 20.6 (standard deviation =7.62). A lower level of acceptance of illness was associated with a higher level of frailty, especially in the physical and social domain. Elderly patients with severe COPD are more prone to frailty and decreased acceptance of their disease in comparison to patients with other chronic diseases. Assessment and management of frailty in the care of older COPD patients are likely to improve risk stratification significantly and help personalize management, leading to better patient outcomes. Keywords: frailty syndrome, COPD, acceptance of illness, elderly patients, Tilburg frailty indicator, TFI, Acceptance of Illness Scale, AIS
Face à un environnement économique turbulent, marqué par l'ouverture des frontières, le libre échange et la disparition des marchés régionaux, les entreprises doivent élaborer des stratégies de performance permettant une compétitivité durable.
Dans ce contexte, le management de la qualité1 intervient comme un facteur déterminant de cette compétitivité, et les responsables d'entreprise sont invités à mobiliser leurs ressources internes et à déployer un énorme effort afin d'instaurer un système de management permettant la mobilisation de la composante humaine autour d’un projet de développement.
Sachant que l’existence de l'entreprise dépend de la satisfaction du client, il est nécessaire de lui offrir un produit ou un service avec un rapport qualité/prix efficace.
Pour atteindre cet objectif, les entreprises ont eu recours à des outils de management de la qualité, dont la certification constitue un moyen permettant l'évaluation du niveau de qualité et la fidélisation du client.
En revanche, la réussite de cette démarche qualité, focalisée principalement sur la satisfaction des clients externes, dépend aussi et en même temps de la satisfaction des clients internes. L’implication de ces derniers constitue, en effet, une condition fondamentale de la réussite de tout projet d’amélioration de la qualité car cette dernière n’est pas seulement l’affaire de la direction ou du service qualité, mais elle est l’affaire de tous. La problématique de ce travail de recherche s’annonce comme suit : Dans quelle mesure l’implication de la composante humaine constitue- t- elle un facteur de réussite de la démarche qualité ?
Cet article s’assigne l’objectif de présenter les résultats d’une enquête consacrée à la vérification du niveau d’implication du personnel dans la démarche qualité des entreprises enquêtées.
Management. Industrial management, Economics as a science
The welfare costs of inflation and inflation uncertainty are well documented in the literature and empirical evidence on the link between the two is sparse in the case of Egypt. This paper investigates the causal relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Egypt using monthly time series data during the period January 1974–April 2015. To endogenously control for any potential structural breaks in the inflation time series, Zivot and Andrews (2002) and Clemente–Montanes–Reyes (1998) unit root tests are used. The inflation–inflation uncertainty relation is modeled by the standard two-step approach as well as simultaneously using various versions of the GARCH-M model to control for any potential feedback effects. The analyses explicitly control for the effect of the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP) undertaken by the Egyptian government in the early 1990s, which affected inflation rate and its associated volatility. Results show a high degree of inflation–volatility persistence in the response to inflationary shocks. Granger-causality test along with symmetric and asymmetric GARCH-M models indicate a statistically significant bi-directional positive relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, supporting both the Friedman–Ball and the Cukierman–Meltzer hypotheses. The findings are robust to the various estimation methods and model specifications. The findings of this paper support the view of adopting inflation-targeting policy in Egypt, after fulfilling its preconditions, to reduce the welfare cost of inflation and its related uncertainties. Monetary authorities in Egypt should enhance the credibility of monetary policy and attempt to reduce inflation uncertainty, which will help lower inflation rates.