Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Enida Pulaj (Brakaj), Ani Mbrica, Ermira Qosja et al.

Introduction: The tourism sector is a fundamental pillar of a country's growth and development. Despite extensive study in this field, it remains an attractive domain for analysing tourist flows based on travel motivations, seen in the dynamics and characteristics of the region.  Objectives: Within the framework of this study, the main objective is to understand travel motivations from the perspective of push and pull factors, helping to create a more complete and integrated tourism product. Thinking about how to create an integrated tourist product supports the promotion of the main values and unique resources that this tourism destination offers, fostering the year-round exploitation of tourism. By understanding these factors, this may have important implications for the region, especially in terms of segmenting markets, designing the tourism product, and decision-making about destination development. Methods: The study analyses the perceptions of 205 tourists who visited Vlora between September and October of 2024, using a quantitative research approach based on factor analysis and cluster analysis.  Results: The findings confirm that coastal tourism remains Vlora's primary attraction, while the segmentation analysis highlights opportunities for diversifying tourism offerings to cater to different tourist motivations. By understanding the unique characteristics and preferences of each cluster, companies operating in the tourism sector and destination managers can develop targeted strategies to enhance the integrated tourism product and foster a more effective and sustainable tourism development in the Vlora region. Conclusions: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by applying the push and pull motivation framework to a specific coastal tourism destination, offering empirical insights into how different tourist segments perceive and engage with Vlora. By integrating these findings with destination development strategies, the research enhances understanding of how to create a more sustainable and diversified tourism product. Furthermore, the study provides valuable data for policymakers and businesses seeking to optimise tourism offerings and extend the tourism season beyond peak summer months, addressing a gap in studies focused on seasonal tourism patterns in the coastal region.

Anna Golejewska, Magdalena Mosionek-Schweda, Sylwia Pangsy-Kania et al.

Waste heat recovery (WHR), which is key to improving energy efficiency and a way to achieve sustainable energy development, faces significant barriers, primarily financial, due to high costs, lack of proper business models, and regulatory complexities. Funding for WHR can come from both private and public sources. The European Union offers a variety of financial support mechanisms for projects focusing on renewable energy, particularly WHR, which plays a significant role in the green and digital transition. The purpose of the article is to emphasise the significance of funding opportunities for waste heat recovery. The analysis focuses on addressing the following questions: (1) What types of WHR projects can be financed through EU funds? (2) Are the available EU funding sources for WHR easily accessible and transparent? The article has a descriptive analysis approach.

Rafał Miśko

Purpose: This study analyses the impact of legal regulations on the transformation of urban bus fleets in Poland. Methodology/Approach: The research assesses municipal bus operators' readiness for zero-emission vehicles using fleet data, emission stats, and regulations. Findings: Significant disparities exist among cities in adopting zero-emission technologies, with leaders benefiting from financial support and laggards facing infrastructural and financial barriers. Research Limitations/Implications: The study is limited to cities with their own bus operators, which may not capture all transport models in Poland. Originality/Value: The study analyses Poland’s urban transport sector within EU and national regulations using secondary data, assessing the impact of upcoming legislative changes on public transport operators.

Hubert Broniewicz

The article concerns the reclamation and revitalisation of post-mining areas in opencast mining. The article describes the reclamation of gravel-sand aggregate excavations located in the area of northern Podlasie. The primary challenge in the reclamation of sand pits is determining the development direction while considering the natural, technical, and economic aspects of the reclamation process. The main goals of this article are to emphasise the significance of reclamation studies and the necessity for different disciplines to simultaneously take into account the natural and cultural characteristics of post-mining landscapes from various points of view in order to produce the best possible landscape use planning for such areas.

Beata Skubiak, Mirosław Broniewicz, Paulina Grabowska

The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge about climate change, the causes of these changes, and potential effects, both environmental, economic, and social. To achieve the formulated goal, the author attempts to interpret original research results in the area of climate change, as well as actions taken (at various levels) in the field of climate policy. This is intended to answer the question of whether the idea of sustainable development at the social and economic level is realistic in the context of climate policy. In the ongoing debate, the problem of adaptation to climate change has given way to the problem of pollutant emissions, and the available scientific knowledge is insufficient to predict what changes the climate will undergo in the coming decades and what impact humans will have on these changes. Based on the analyses carried out, the author of the article concludes that emphasis should be placed on solutions that support human well-being and minimise losses. Environmental protection, if it is to remain a science, must take responsibility for the entire environment, including human well-being, and cannot be done at the expense of human beings because it destroys the natural social order. The article verifies the following hypothesis: decisions made in the field of climate policy are insufficiently justified by scientific research, which provides irrefutable facts.

Iwona Bąk, Daniel Budzeń, Barbara Kryk et al.

Poland’s achievement of sustainable development goals, including environmental goals, requires substantial financial outlays and the necessity of incurring high expenditures by, among others, local government units (LGU). The article focuses on green investment expenditures incurred by LGU budgets.  The aim is to identify and diagnose the spatial variation of these expenditures in the context of sustainable development goals and the new taxonomy for classifying economic activities as environmentally sustainable.  The added value of the article is: first, to identify the structure of green investment expenditures of LGU, which enables to show their changes in the context of sustainable development goals, and second, to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of these expenditures, including all cities with county rights and municipalities, divided into urban, rural and urban-rural types in Poland into three periods: 2004-2006, 2007-2013 and 2014-2020.  The study, carried out using the TOPSIS method, showed a wide variation in the level of green investment expenditures made from the budgets of local government units.

Ramon Bosch Sanjuan

La batalla de Lepanto y la rebelión de las Alpujarras son ejemplos del enfrentamiento entre las mayores concepciones universalistas: el Islam y el Cristianismo. Se han escrito innumerables obras al respecto, algunas de ellas fueron dedicadas a sus protagonistas: Juan de Austria, Álvaro de Bazán, Alejandro Farnesio, Gian Andrea Doria… Sin embargo, otros como Luis de Requesens o Joan de Cardona, han pasado más inadvertidos. En este artículo pretendemos mostrar, desde una nueva perspectiva historiográfica, la influencia que tuvo Luis de Requesens en los conflictos armados, así como en materia diplomática y religiosa. Igualmente, queremos reivindicar la presencia catalana en las empresas de la Monarquía Hispánica; rechazando que la Cataluña del siglo XVI tuviera en ellas un papel secundario.

Dominik Dąbrowski, Mikołaj Jalinik, Janusz Leszek Sokół et al.

The aim of the study was to identify factors that may determine the choice of leisure destination as a form of tourism in the rural areas of the Bug River Valley. The analysis of these factors also considered the nationality of the people surveyed. A total of 148 people took part in the study: 73 of Polish nationality (45 women and 18 men) and 75 foreigners, mainly Belarusians (51 women and 24 men). It was found that Polish tourists most often chose to spend leisure time in guesthouses/hotels or the houses of friends and family, while international tourists rest mainly in the houses of friends and family. Regardless of their nationality, the majority of tourists were satisfied with their stay in selected facilities, highly rating the communication, accommodation, catering and cycling routes and trails. The factors determining the choice of their place of stay, irrespective of nationality, were peace and quiet, attractive surroundings and convenient location. Respondents rested most frequently with family or friends. Polish tourists preferably used catering from the owners of holiday facilities, while foreigners cooked their own meals.

Dorota Michalak

Extreme weather events cause economic, social and environmental loss. In this way they significantly affect on the sustainable development, therefore, damages compensatory tools, such as catastrophic weather insurance are so important. One of the biggest problems of insurance companies are catastrophic damages. This problem began to grow rapidly in recent years. The complexity and focus on relatively small fi elds of human activities, the growth of wealth of societies, as well as the absolute increase in the numbers of natural disasters (earthquakes, hurricanes, floods) are the reason why the catastrophic damage cost the insurance industry more and more. The insurance market plays a special role in fi nancing the repair of the eff ects of natural disasters due to the builtin compensation of loss, claims handling system developed (determining the amount of damages and the amount of compensation used) and the emphasis on prevention. However, due to the potential risk of huge compensation, the state should initiate the formation of poly insurance or provide a guarantee of payment of compensation. Analyzing this topic, we should remember about social attitudes towards catastrophic insurance. Despite awareness of the adverse effects of extreme weather, society does not undertake any hedging activities. The reason for this passive attitude is the belief in inevitable nature of weather and lack of knowledge of available instruments.

Ewa Ołdakowska, Jakub Ołdakowski

Asphalt granulate is a valuable building material suitable for the production of asphalt mixtures. Its use in modern road building is profitable not only for environmental reasons but also because of the economic aspect of saving natural aggregates and asphalt and saving road pavement construction costs. The purpose of the cost analyses was to determine the financial benefits resulting from using the asphalt granulate in asphalt mixtures. The cost calculations concerned the basic components of asphalt mixtures and the costs of constructing the pavement structure layer for which the mixtures had been intended. The analyses covered asphalt mixtures of asphalt concrete type AC 22P with different content of asphalt granulate purchased at different prices, intended for road pavement substructure layers loaded with traffic of KR3 and KR4 categories.

Malgorzata Burchard

This article has two purposes. The first is to show the role that urban gardening can play in building city resilience to various negative impacts resulting from changes in the economic and social spheres and connection with global warming. The second goal is to investigate whether Polish cities use urban gardening to strengthen the resilience of socio-economic systems to climate change. Resilience is understood as the capacity of a city to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. It concerns both social and technical infrastructure, including blue and green infrastructure. Worldwide, the usage of urban gardening to strengthen cities' resilience to climate change is becoming more and more common. Polish cities have yet to join this positive trend.

Agnieszka Becla

The author has discussed the importance of information in sustainable development. She has presented sets of information indispensable for local strategies of sustainable development. She has also presented a procedure of using such information. Additionally, she has identified and explained issues regarding the use of information for managing natural resources in a sustainable manner. The author has also presented results of empirical research concerning the information practice of managing local natural resources.

Ewa Ołdakowska

The guidelines and recommendations for the assessment of economic effi ciency of road and bridge projects are specifi ed in two documents: “Blue Book” in range of road infrastructure projects, and in “Instructions for economic effi ciency assessment for road and bridge projects for regional, district, and local roads”. The result of works connected with analysis of road investments should be the documents referring to all possible issues discussed in mentioned books. The article is aimed for presenting the successive steps and assessment of economic effi ciency of road projects.

Piotr P. Małecki

The paper deals with the statistical reporting of a range of products related to environmental protection, manufactured for the conservation and management of natural resources. The latest regulations of the European Union, in the form of a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2011 on European economic environmental accounts, impose reporting obligations in this field on the Member States. These requirements are based on the special prerequisites in accordance  with the applicable/binding questionnaire prepared by Eurostat. This article presents the rules for creating statistical reporting on the environmental goods and services accounts according to these above mentioned requirements. The analysis and evaluation of methodological assumptions to the pilot project of the account of environmental goods and services prepared by Central Statistical Offi ce of Poland for 2014 were undertaken within the research. Moreover, the consolidated results for those accounts were presented.

Arnau Gonzàlez i Vilalta

Marcel Pujol Hamelink, Lluís Rovira Carbonell