Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Bernard Hoekman

The international trade order is under unprecedented pressure as a result of the unilateral decision by the Trump administration to increase U.S. tariffs by an order of magnitude to 15- 20 percent or higher on imports from most countries. This paper reflects on where the global trading system may be heading given recent events, focusing on potential responses by U.S. trading partners, distinguishing between revitalization of multilateral trade cooperation in the WTO, expansion and deepening of preferential trade agreements and issue- or domain-specific plurilateral agreements among groups of economies.

Jérôme Bocquet

Emilce Heredia Chaz

En el presente artículo analizamos las lógicas a través de las cuales los procesos extractivos de acumulación intervienen en la producción de los territorios urbanos, indagando la vinculación entre Bahía Blanca (ciudad intermedia de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) y un polo petroquímico recientemente privatizado, extranjerizado y ampliado entre los años 1995 y 2002. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo plantea que, durante la gran transformación neoliberal, se profundizó la colonialidad de la producción del territorio mediante un patrón de poder que operó a escala global-local instituyendo un ordenamiento extractivo por medio de la apropiación capitalista de bienes comunes naturales y urbanos, y de la producción de injusticias espaciales asociadas a los costos del progreso.

Allison Davis, B. Gardner, Mary R. Gardner

P. Sebastián Cortez Oviedo

Yuli Astutik, Sheila Agustina, Fika Megawati et al.

In order to achieve quality learning in accordance with the aspirations and the fourth goal of SDGs, teachers need to create learning that is complete and in accordance with the needs of students. This complete and appropriate learning can be demonstrated by the teaching modules used by the teacher. In fact, teachers still encounter problems in compiling teaching modules that suit the needs of students in the current era of digital technology. This obstacle is also experienced by high school English teachers in Sidoarjo. One of the challenges is the lack of innovation in using and implementing information and technology-based English learning media. Therefore, with this community service, the authors aim to increase the high school English teachers' innovation through training on teaching module development with EdPuzzle integration. The success of this program was measured from a questionnaire filled out by the teachers. As a result, teachers who previously did not know what EdPuzzle was were finally able to create and implement it in class. They argue that digital media such as EdPuzzle is very useful for teaching and learning English. Thus, this community service has been carried out properly and succeeded in achieving the planned goals.

राम कुमार (Ram Kumar) राई (Rai)

गोरखा राज्यको विस्तारदेखि हालसम्मको समयावधि भनेको करिब २८० हुन आउँछ र यस कालावधिमा नेपालमा जनजातीयता, भाषा, धर्म र संस्कृतिप्रति नेपाली राज्यको दृष्टिकोण के कस्तो रह्यो भन्ने कुरालाई गहन अध्ययन, विश्लेषणको विषय ठानी त्यसैलाई अध्ययनको मूल समस्याको केन्द्रमा राखेर त्यसैको याथार्थिक पक्ष पहिल्याउने उद्देश्यमा प्रस्तुत लेख केन्द्रित छ । द्वितीयक वा पुस्तकालयीय सामग्रीमा आधारित यो लेख पूर्णतया गुणात्मक एवम् विश्लेणात्मक पद्धतिमा आधारित छ । गोरखा राज्यको विस्तार वा पृथ्वी नारायण शाहले कोरेको राजनैतिक सीमानायुक्त नेपालको राज्यसत्ता धेरै कालसम्म एकात्मक र केन्द्रीकृत प्रवृत्तिको रह्यो ।विस्तारित राज्यको निर्माणसँगै शोषक र शासित वर्ग छुट्टियो र जित्नेले शासक बनेर शासन गरे भने हार्नेले दोस्रो दर्जाको नागरिक भई बाँच्न बाध्य पारिए । त्यसपछिको एक जातीय धर्म, भाषाको खेतीले भिन्न संस्कृति, भाषा, धर्म र जातिका पराजित समुदायहरूलाई भावनात्मक रूपमा एकीकरण गर्नुको साटो नियन्त्रणमा राख्ने काम ग¥यो । शासक वर्गीय राज्यको नेतृत्वले हिन्दु आर्य मोर्चाबाट सबै काम फत्ते गर्ने सोचले पराजित जनजातिहरूलाई राज्य संरचनाबाट अलग गराए भने मान्छेलाई दलित बनाई घर, परिवार, मन्दिर र सार्वजनिक जीवनमा प्रवेश निषेध ग¥यो । चार जात, छत्तीस वर्णको खेतीमा एक भाषा, धर्म, संस्कृति र एक राज्यको वकालत गरियो । २०४६ मा पुनस्र्थापित प्रजातान्त्रिक व्यवस्थापछि बनेको २०४७ को संविधानले राज्यले नागरिकका बिच धर्म, वर्ण, जात–जाति, लिङ्ग, उत्पत्ति, भाषा वा वैचारिक आस्था आदिकोे आधारमा भेद्भाव नगर्ने, प्रत्येक समुदायले आफ्नो भाषा, धर्म, संस्कृति, सांस्कृतिक सभ्यता र सम्पदाको संरक्षण र सम्बर्धन गर्न पाउँने व्यवस्था ग¥यो । जन आन्दोलन २ (२०६२/६३) को जनादेशपछि बनेको अन्तरिम संविधान २०६३ ले नेपाललाई बहुजातीय, बहुधार्मिक, बहुसांस्कृतिक विशेषतायुक्त बहुभाषिक राष्ट्र र नेपालमा बोलिने सबै मातृभाषाहरूलाई राष्ट्र भाषा मान्यो । सबै नागरिकका बिच धर्म, वर्ण, जाति, लिङ्ग, उत्पत्ति, भाषा वा वैचारिक आस्थाको आधारमा भेदभाव नगर्ने व्यवस्थाका साथै समानता एवम् सहअस्तित्व कायम हुनु पर्ने र सबैको भाषा, साहित्य, कला र संस्कृतिको समान विकास मार्फत् देशको सांस्कृतिक विविधता कायम राख्ने भावना व्यक्त ग¥यो भने २०७२ को संविधानले त्यसको मर्मलाई आत्मसात् गरी नेपालको बहुजातीयता, बहुधार्मिक, बहुभाषिक, बहुसांस्कृतिकतालाई आम नेपालीले अनुभूत गर्न सक्ने बनाएको निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत छ । (The period from the expansion of the Gorkha state to the present time is about 280 years and the present article is focused on the objective of finding out the realistic aspects of the state's vision towards ethnicity, language, religion and culture in Nepal during this period. This article based on secondary or library material is completely based on qualitative and analytical method. The state power of Nepal remained unitary and centralized for a long time in the expanded Gorkha state or the political boundary drawn by Prithvi Narayan Shah. With the construction of the expanded state, the exploiters and the ruled class were separated and the winners ruled as rulers, while the losers were forced to live as second class citizens. After that the mono-lingual, mono-cultural and mono-racial system cultivated, worked to control the defeated communities of different cultures, languages, religions and castes instead of uniting them emotionally. The leadership of the ruling class  separated the defeated tribes from the state structure with the thought of deriving all the work from the Hindu Arya Morcha, making people Dalits and prohibiting them from entering their homes, families, temples and public life. They advocated single language, religion, culture and one state in the association of four races and thirty-six castes. The Constitution of 2047, which was made after the restoration of the democratic system in 2046, stipulates that the state shall not discriminate among citizens on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender, origin, language or ideological beliefs, and that each community shall be able to protect and promote its language, religion, culture, cultural civilization and heritage. The Interim Constitution 2063 made after the mandate of Jan Andolan 2 (2062-63) considered Nepal as a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, and multilingual nation with multi-cultural characteristics and all the mother tongues spoken in Nepal as the national language. The conclusion is presented that the constitution of 2072 has absorbed the essence of Nepal's multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multi-lingual and multi-cultural people, expressing the feeling that there should be equality and co-existence between all citizens on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender, origin, language or ideological belief, as well as maintaining equality and coexistence and maintaining the cultural diversity of the country through the equal development of language, literature, art and culture.)

T. Moore-Harrison, K. Keane, L. Jerome Brandon

Cardiometabolic (CMO) risks factors do not provide similar cardiovascular disease (CVD) predictions in young African (AA) and European Americans (EA) adults. Whether CMO risk predictions contribute to this disparity in older adults is unclear. We hypothesize that older AA CMO clustering pattern will be different from EA clustering patterns when determine with non-fasting lipid and lipoproteins. The participants were 106 older adults (66 AA and 40 EA) from a working/middle class neighborhood (income $46,364 – $80,904) in an urban North Carolina community. The participants were evaluated for CMO risk factors (total cholesterol, high- (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride (TG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic –SBP- and diastolic blood pressures -DBP), body mass index (BMI), body fat % (BF%) and timed up and go test (assessed falls risk and physical function). The AA participants were heavier, had higher BMI, BF%, and timed up and go values (p < 0.01). The data were evaluated for differences (t-test) and Pearson correlations for relationships. If data differ by p < 0.05 the data were significantly different. The AA had a 17.6 % higher HDL (64.7 vs 55.1 mg/dL – p < 0.05) and 7.6 % higher HbA1c (5.8 vs 5.4 % – p < 0.01) than EA. Higher HDL values in EA indicate lower CVD risks. The HDL paradox for AA (AA had higher HDL values, but greater CVD risks) was observed and the HbA1c difference may be misleading, as similar glucose values in AA tend to have higher HbA1c values. Lipid, lipoprotein, and blood pressure was not different between the races. AA had higher body composition and HDL values. Although future research on this topic with larger samples, dietary data and detailed descriptions of participations medications is warranted to validate findings from this study. These data suggest older AA and EA adults with similar environmental conditions have similar CMO risks when measures with none fasting blood samples. Since AA have a greater prevalence of CVD, these finding suggests that population specific CMO risk factor clustering may be more effective predictors of CVD for AA.

Irina Yu. Peker

This article offers data that can be used in comparative studies of research and technology capacity at the level of Russian regions. The database comprises six indicators of the development of personnel-related and financial components of a national research and technology system and research results as evinced in research publications and advanced manufacturing technologies that appeared in 2010—2020. This set of interconnected indicators makes it possible to evaluate Russian regions’ research and technology capacity and research output, which affect the degree of development of the innovative environment. The data on regional research output may be of assistance to further regional socio-economic research. The data set includes statistical indicators for 85 Russian regions for 2010—2020, as reported by ROSSTAT. The data on the number off publications and variations therein were obtained from Scopus, the largest unified curated multidisciplinary abstract and citation database. The results are presented as tables and cartographical materials (three tables and six map charts).

David Thomas Suell

Malik Cahyadin

This paper examines the effect of the globalization threshold on financial inclusion in 40 selected countries during 2000-2018. A principal component analysis (PCA) and a static panel threshold (SPT) are utilized. There are three dimensions and one aggregation of financial inclusion indicators assessed by PCA, while the globalization threshold is estimated under static panel threshold regression. Findings/Originality: The findings exhibit six countries with strong financial inclusion and eight countries with weak financial inclusion during study periods. Furthermore, the threshold effect of globalization has a significant impact on the financial inclusion index. The robustness checking employs panel cointegration test exhibits that inequality and some institutions indicators have a significant impact on financial inclusion both in the short-run and long-run. The policy implication suggests that governments should increase the financial inclusion index level during the globalization period, decrease inequality, and improve institutions' quality.

Jean Mitchell, Joan Niras, Lesbeth Niefeu

Gardens in Vanuatu, an archipelago in the SW Pacific, materialize the multiple relationships between land, humans, and the more-than-human world that facilitate self-reliance, and wellbeing. This paper analyzes a collaborative project (2016-18) undertaken on the Island of Tanna in Vanuatu. A project for and with youth and their communities, it aimed to train young people to do basic research on customary food gardens and to document Indigenous customary knowledge, practices, and customary stories about food and gardens. The project started after a catastrophic cyclone destroyed gardens and infrastructure, rendering the self-sufficient islanders dependent on food aid at a time of rising rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There is also concern about the declining interest in traditional knowledge among youth. With about 60% of the population under 30 years of age, this paper argues that youth are critical actors in ensuring the continuity of customary knowledge and practices that are essential for food sovereignty, the maintenance of social relations and wellbeing, all of which are embedded in relational ecologies of care.   

Joseph Kweku Assan, Laurence Simon, Dinar D Kharisma et al.

Abstract The provision of meals at schools is considered to have the potential to enhance human dignity and facilitate equitable access to students from low socio-economic backgrounds, low social status (including Caste) and poor households. Using students and teachers from public schools in Utter Pradesh also known to be India’s most populous and poorest state as it’s as its unit of analysis, the paper examines the impact on International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) led Midday Meal (MDM) School Feeding program in India on educational access, performance, participation, and wellbeing. The study sought to evaluate the implementation of the midday meal (MDM) program led by an INGO in Lucknow, Utter Pradesh, and India to ascertain if the strategic program implementation protocols also ensure social inclusion and held address various forms of discrimination commonly reported in the literature. The study revealed that students were satisfied with most of the implementation of the program, serving and food satisfaction indicators. Nevertheless, we argue that the implantation process could benefit from a more integrated inter-agency coordination so as to address concerns regarding at-risk children and improve sanitation and health facilities that are not directly associated with the MDM program. The study concludes that INGOs led MDM programs could serve as a model for inclusive and non-discriminatory school feeding system where all children, irrespective of their social, economic, religious and family backgrounds will equally benefit with dignity. Such an approach, we argue, could also enhance social equity, youth development and the attainment of the SDG targets in India.

P. Hall

Donaldo P. Macedo

Candice A. Quarmby, Mershen Pillay

No abstract available.

Patricia González Vallejo

Se presenta una herramienta para predecir los impactos económicos y ambientales del ciclo de vida de edificios de tipo residencial en fase de diseño, partiendo de un proyecto arquitectónico, el presupuesto del proyecto, las bases de costes de la construcción, en particular la de Andalucía y del indicador huella ecológica. La herramienta propone alternativas en el uso de recursos (materiales, mano de obra y maquinaria) y sistemas constructivos, pudiendo formar parte en la toma de decisiones para mejorar el impacto del ciclo de vida del edificio. Se analiza un caso concreto de edificio residencial de diez plantas sobre rasante y se obtienen los recursos empleados y su impacto económico y ambiental a nivel global y de forma pormenorizada según las fases del proyecto. Los materiales son el recurso de mayor importancia y en particular el hormigón o el cerámico son los que producen mayor impacto. Se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad proponiendo para un proyecto diferentes alternativas de materiales para una solución constructiva, obteniendo los datos para poder decidir la opción más viable económica y ambientalmente. La herramienta es de fácil manejo para el usuario y puede ser base para la certificación de edificios y en el desarrollo de valores estándares a emplear en políticas gubernamentales.

Stacey Haugen

Abstract Despite the media attention to Syrian refugee families being welcomed, finding work, and feeling at home in small towns across Canada, little is known about resettlement and integration in smaller and rural communities. Addressing this knowledge gap, this study visited four rural communities across four provinces in an effort to highlight the experiences of smaller and rural communities and the refugees living there. Based on interviews and conversations with rural refugee sponsors and community members, Syrian refugees, and service providers, the findings tell a story of refugees being welcomed into rural and smaller communities and of communities coming together to support the newcomers and find solutions to rural challenges. The article concludes that rural places can have a lot to offer refugees, some of whom settle permanently in these areas, and their experiences should be included as part of the larger narrative of refugee resettlement in Canada.

Arindam Gan Chowdhury, Mohammadtaghi Moravej, Ioannis Zisis et al.

Coastal areas of the US are affected by extreme wind events, including hurricanes. Roofs are the most vulnerable building components as they are often damaged by high wind uplift forces acting on the edges and corners. This study investigates the application of a mitigation strategy, in the form of an Aerodynamics Mitigation and Power System (AMPS) (US Patent, Gan Chowdhury et al., Patent Number: US 9,951,752 B2, April 2018), designed to simultaneously reduce wind damage and provide power to buildings. The system consists of horizontal axis wind turbines, integrated to roof edges with or without gutters. Four sets of testing on a flat roof low rise building model (without gutters)—including a bare deck configuration (i.e. without AMPS) and three cases where the roof corner was fitted with AMPS—were conducted at the Wall of Wind Experimental Facility at Florida International University. In one of the configurations, the wind turbines were placed slightly above the roof edge, while in the other two configurations, the turbines were placed closer to the roof edge. Wind directions tested ranged from 0° to 90° (considering roof geometric symmetry). Estimation of area-averaged mean and peak pressure coefficients were made for various locations on the roof for the three different configurations, and compared with the case of no mitigation. Results show that for wind directions tested, significant reduction in mean and peak pressure coefficients (reduced suction) were obtained in those cases where the wind turbines were placed closer to the roof edge as compared to the bare roof deck case. Flow visualization studies showed that the turbines helped to disrupt the conical vortices caused by cornering winds, thereby reducing the wind uplift forces on the roof. This study shows that the AMPS can be utilized to prevent wind-induced damage to the roof. Future research will include estimation of the: (1) potential wind energy production using the mitigation system under various wind conditions, (ii) effectiveness of AMPS in mitigating wind loading on other kinds of buildings (e.g., gable and hip roof buildings), and (iii) load transferred from the system to the roof.

A. Soltani, Samira Mafimoghaddam, Katelynn Walter et al.

Flooding is a devastating abiotic stress that endangers crop production in the twenty-first century. Because of the severe susceptibility of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to flooding, an understanding of the genetic architecture and physiological responses of this crop will set the stage for further improvement. However, challenging phenotyping methods hinder a large-scale genetic study of flooding tolerance in common bean and other economically important crops. A greenhouse phenotyping protocol was developed to evaluate the flooding conditions at early stages. The Middle-American diversity panel (n = 272) of common bean was developed to capture most of the diversity exits in North American germplasm. This panel was evaluated for seven traits under both flooded and non-flooded conditions at two early developmental stages. A subset of contrasting genotypes was further evaluated in the field to assess the relationship between greenhouse and field data under flooding condition. A genome-wide association study using ~150 K SNPs was performed to discover genomic regions associated with multiple physiological responses. The results indicate a significant strong correlation (r > 0.77) between greenhouse and field data, highlighting the reliability of greenhouse phenotyping method. Black and small red beans were the least affected by excess water at germination stage. At the seedling stage, pinto and great northern genotypes were the most tolerant. Root weight reduction due to flooding was greatest in pink and small red cultivars. Flooding reduced the chlorophyll content to the greatest extent in the navy bean cultivars compared with other market classes. Races of Durango/Jalisco and Mesoamerica were separated by both genotypic and phenotypic data indicating the potential effect of eco-geographical variations. Furthermore, several loci were identified that potentially represent the antagonistic pleiotropy. The GWAS analysis revealed peaks at Pv08/1.6 Mb and Pv02/41 Mb that are associated with root weight and germination rate, respectively. These regions are syntenic with two QTL reported in soybean (Glycine max L.) that contribute to flooding tolerance, suggesting a conserved evolutionary pathway involved in flooding tolerance for these related legumes.