For centuries, the production of knowledge about Romani communities has been dominated by non-Romani scholars,
institutions, and power structures. This monopoly has created a distorted and racialized understanding of Romani identity, history,
and culture; an understanding that has profoundly shaped European scholarship, public policy, and everyday perceptions. This article
examines the historical trajectory and ongoing consequences of this knowledge regime. It explores the roots of Gypsylorism, the
influence of eugenics, the role of ethnographic bias, and the persistent structures of antigypsyism that shape how Roma are represented in academia and society. Then the article analyses the emergence of Critical Romani Studies as an intellectual response to these structures, emphasising Romani positionality and the development of Romani epistemologies as crucial interventions. It further explores the creation and role of the European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture (ERIAC) as a transnational institutional space designed to support Romani cultural and intellectual agency. ERIAC’s priorities in knowledge production, such as the development of educational platforms, critical bibliographies, and projects on resistance, are examined as examples of how Roma-led institutions can contribute to epistemic justice, historical reparation, and the transformation of academic canons. Finally, the article reflects on future directions for Roma-led research, arguing that reclaiming knowledge production is not merely an academic endeavour but a political and cultural act. By asserting Romani epistemologies and institutional presence, Critical Romani Studies challenges centuries-old hierarchies of representation and opens pathways for new, plural, and equitable forms of understanding. The article is based on an intellectual dialogue between the authors that took place on 19 September 2025.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, Communities. Classes. Races
Modern hardware architectures, e.g., NUMA servers, chiplet processors, tiered and disaggregated memory systems have significantly improved the performance of Main-Memory Databases, and are poised to deliver further improvements in the future. However, realizing this potential depends on the database system's ability to efficiently migrate pages among different NUMA nodes, and/or memory chips as the workload evolves. Modern main memory databases offload the migration procedure to the operating system without accounting for the workload and its migration characteristics. In this paper, we propose a custom system call move_pages2 as an alternate to Linux's own move_pages system call. In contrast to the original move_pages, move_pages2 allows partial migration and exposes two configuration knobs, enabling a Main-Memory Database tailor the migration process to its specific requirements. Experiments on a main-memory B$^+$-Tree for a YCSB-like workload show that the proposed move_pages2 custom system call improves the B$^+$-Tree query throughput by up to 2.3$\times$, and migrates up to 2.6$\times$ more memory pages, outperforming the native Linux system call.
The Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries face significant challenges in achieving democratic consolidation amid geopolitical tensions, authoritarian tendencies and regional conflicts. This paper examines the resilience of civiliarchic democracy as a framework to understand and address these challenges. The study employs a mixed methods approach including comparative analysis and the Civiliarchy Index to explore the interplay between European integration, democratic resilience and anti-civiliarchic forces. To identify the main principles of EU foreign policy in the EaP countries and its normative component, a qualitative targeted content analysis of official EU documentation was used. Additionally, the method of discourse analysis was used to consider the narrative regarding the participation and lobbying from the EU and European institutions and values within the EaP countries, as well as prepare for the negotiations with EU and EU member states for the interests of EaP countries. Europeanization and democratization determine both the political and social prospects for sustainable development of the EaP countries, as well as the hybrid challenges of strategic security and the dichotomy of inter-integration conflicts. The paper analyzes the gaps in European political integration in the EaP countries for the period from 2013 to 2023. The authors rely on studies on Europeanization and European political integration in the tradition of neo-institutionalism, as well as on the resilience of the EaP countries. The findings of the paper imply that the civiliarchic democracy the EaP countries face is thwarted by internal instability, external pressures and shortcomings in EU policies. But EU’s strategic and engagement can in some extent tackle authoritarian trends and improve democratic institutions. Theoretical and practical insight into the concept of civiliarchic democracy and its resiliency in light of the democratization literature is the main contribution of the study. Policy and scholarly implications of the findings in support of improving democratic institutions and further inclusive European integration in the EaP region are suggested.
Political science (General), Political institutions and public administration (General)
Marjeta Vrbinc, Donna M. T. Cr. Farina, Alenka Vrbinc
V članku je na kratko predstavljena zgodovina slovenskega priseljevanja v ZDA. Sledi analiza šestih slovarjev in priročnikov, objavljenih med letoma 1895 in 1919, ki so bili slovenskim izseljencem v ZDA v pomoč pri učenju in razumevanju angleščine ter pri prilagajanju novemu kulturnemu okolju. Avtorice v raziskavi ugotavljajo, katere vrste informacij so bile izseljencem na voljo v preučevanih slovarjih in priročnikih (npr. razlaga izgovora angleških besed, razlaga angleške slovnice, koristni pogosti komunikacijski obrazci, navodila za naturalizacijo, pojasnila o poimenovanju in vrednosti ameriških kovancev in bankovcev, različni oglasi).
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
A droplet placed on a hydrophilic conical fiber tends to move toward the end of larger radii due to capillary action. Experimental investigations are performed to explore the dynamics of droplets with varying viscosities and volumes on different fibers at the microscale. Droplets are found to accelerate initially and subsequently decelerate during migration. A dynamic model is developed to capture dynamics of the droplet migration, addressing the limitations of previous equilibrium-based scaling laws. Both experimental results and theoretical predictions indicate that droplets on more divergent fibers experience a longer acceleration phase. Additionally, gravitational effects are pronounced on fibers with small cone angles, exerting a substantial influence on droplet migration even below the capillary scale. Moreover, droplets move more slowly on dry fibers compared to those prewetted with the same liquid, primarily attributed to the increased friction. The experiments reveal the formation of a residual liquid film after droplet migration on dry fibers, leading to considerable volume loss in the droplets. To encompass the intricacies of migration on dry fibers, the model is refined to incorporate a higher friction coefficient and variable droplet volumes, providing a more comprehensive depiction of the underlying physics.
Understanding and predicting human migration patterns is a central challenge in population dynamics research. Traditional physics-inspired gravity and radiation models represent migration flows as functions of attractiveness using socio-economic features as proxies. They assume that the relationship between features and migration is spatially invariant, regardless of the origin and destination locations of migrants. We use Bayesian hierarchical models to demonstrate that migrant preferences likely vary based on geographical context, specifically the origin-destination pair. By applying these models to U.S. interstate migration data, we show that incorporating heterogeneity in a single latent migration parameter significantly improves the ability to explain variations in migrant flows. Accounting for such heterogeneity enables it to outperform classical methods and recent machine-learning approaches. A clustering analysis of spatially varying parameters reveals two distinct groups of migration paths. Individuals migrating along low-flow paths (typically between smaller populations or over larger distances) exhibit more nuanced decision-making. Their choices are less directly influenced by specific destination characteristics such as housing costs, land area, and climate-related disaster costs. High-flow path migrants appear to respond more directly to these destination attributes. Our results challenge assumptions of uniform preferences and underscore the value of capturing heterogeneity in migration models and policymaking.
Benjamin Hanf, Will Kincaid, Hilke Schlichting
et al.
Atmospheric mass loss is thought to have strongly shaped the sample of close-in exoplanets. These atmospheres should be lost isotropically, leading to no net migration on the planetary orbit. However, strong stellar winds can funnel the escaping atmosphere into a tail trailing the planet. We derive a simple kinematic model of the gravitational interaction between the planet and this anisotropic wind, and derive expressions for the expected migration of the planet. Over the expected range of parameters, we find typical migrations of a few tenths to a few percent inward. We argue that this modest migration may be observable for planet pairs near mean motion resonances, which would provide an independent observational constraint on atmospheric mass loss models.
Outward migration of massive binary stars or black holes in their circumbinary disc is often observed in simulations and it is key to the formation of wide black hole binaries. Using numerical simulations of Population III (Pop III) star formation, we study the angular momentum of Pop III binaries and the torques between stars and gas discs to understand the origin of outward migration and high ellipticity. The outward migration of protostars is produced by gravitational torques exerted on them by their circumstellar minidiscs. The minidiscs, on the other hand, migrate outward mainly by gaining angular momentum by accreting gas from the circumbinary disc. The angular momentum transfer is most efficient for rapidly accreting equal-mass binaries, and weaker when the secondary mass is small or the massive companion evaporates the gas disc via radiative feedback. We conclude that outward migration and the formation of wide equal-mass massive binaries is common in metal-free/metal-poor star formation, mainly driven by their large accretion rates. We expect that the lower gas temperature and accretion rates in metal-enriched circumstellar discs would lead more often to inward migration and closer binary separations. We also observe inward migration for smaller mass Pop III protostars/fragments, leading to the rapid merging of sink particles and likely the formation of close binary black holes that, however, reach separations below the resolution of our simulations. We discuss the implications that Pop III separations and ellipticity may have on the interpretation that gravitational wave signals from merging intermediate-mass black holes come from Pop III remnants.
Environmental degradation, global pandemic and severing natural resource related problems cater to increase demand resulting from migration is nightmare for all of us. Huge flocks of people are rushing towards to earn, to live and to lead a better life. This they do for their own development often ignoring the environmental cost. With existing model, this paper looks at out migration (interstate) within India focusing on the various proximate and fundamental causes relating to migration. The author deploys OLS to see those fundamental causes. Obviously, these are not exhaustive cause, but definitely plays a role in migration decision of individual. Finally, this paper advocates for some policy prescription to cope with this problem.
The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly interrupted the traditional education process and imposed the need to switch to online education. Children living in poverty without proper IT infrastructure have been substantially excluded from the educational process amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. During this challenging pandemic, education has been placed in quarantine. This research paper aims to qualitatively investigate the potential social exclusion and further marginalization within remote learning during the pandemic in a very particular local context, focusing on the areas of Bitola (North Macedonia) and Treviso (Italy).
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado do projeto de pesquisa “Debates sobre a Lei nº 10.639/03: Prática e Reflexão sobre História e Cultura Africana e Afro-brasileira em Campos dos Goytacazes”. O trabalho foi pautado em pesquisas realizadas com livros didáticos da rede municipal de Campos dos Goytacazes e sua abordagem sobre a Lei nº 10.639/03. A análise focou-se nos capítulos onde aparecem conteúdos sobre História e Cultura Africana e Afro-brasileira nos livros didáticos da rede municipal. O motor principal para a construção deste trabalho é a busca pela representação do negro dentro dos livros didáticos. Para isso formulamos a seguinte questão: a História da África e da cultura afro-brasileira seria retratada apenas pela ótica da escravidão nas páginas dos livros didáticos? Partimos desse questionamento e de um diálogo com a literatura decolonial.
The implementation of a feasible colony on Mars has been discussed and analyzed for some time. It is noted that Mars offers all necessary in-situ resources to allow for self-sustainability, with the most efficient techniques and systems to produce water, food, metals, plastics, and other materials to be discussed. However, the solution to the economic viability of colonizing Mars is still in question. An initial mission is expected to cost upwards of hundreds of billions of dollars, which is generally the average to high end price settled on in most discussions, so it is necessary to generate an economic plan that requires a small fraction of this cost, as well as detailing exactly how quickly the colony can return on this investment and begin to profit. The focus of most topics will be split upon three general points in the population: one thousand, hundreds of thousands, and millions. Important decisions involving government and society will be discussed, as well as the need for an aesthetically pleasing colony. Additionally, our given scenario assumes that prior missions lacking human presence on the planet will take place, which will allow for the set-up of nuclear generators by way of robot and the continued robotic research that has taken place for decades. An in-depth discussion of the distribution of this source as well as any other form of power will still be necessary. We also can assume that irrigation water and fertilizers have been found on Mars. Furthermore, the expected costs of shipping goods from Earth to Mars and then from Mars to Earth will be 500 and 200 dollars per kg, respectively.
Using the density functional theory calculations, we show that the oxygen functional groups exhibit unexpected spontaneously dynamic behaviors on the interior surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Two types of dynamic oxygen migrations - hydroxyl and epoxy migrations - are achieved by the breaking/reforming of C-O bond reaction and the proton transfer reaction. It is demonstrated that the spontaneously dynamic characteristic is attributed to the sharply reduced energy barrier less than or comparable to thermal fluctuations. We also observe a stable intermediate state with a dangling C-O bond, which permits the successive migration of oxygen functional groups. However, on the exterior surface of SWCNT, the oxygen groups are difficult to migrate spontaneously due to the relatively high energy barriers, and the dangling C-O bond prefers to transform into the more stable epoxy configuration. The spontaneous oxygen migration is further confirmed by the long-distance oxygen migration, which comprises three hydroxyl migration reactions and one C-O bond reaction. Our work provides a new understanding of the behavior of oxygen functional groups on interfaces and gives a potential route to design new carbon-based dynamic materials.
All governments enforce immigration laws, but we have a limited understanding of the factors that determine how much they do so. Immigration policymakers can empower or compel officials and non-state actors to enforce immigration laws. This study suggests that non-immigration policymakers may play an equally important role — albeit in complex ways. Policies designed to control human mobility in other ways (transportation, crime control, segregation, etc.) can determine the amount of resources a given country devotes to immigration enforcement and the effectiveness of enforcement efforts. When officials ban old — or invent new — forms of movement control, they can determine how much resources are available to enforce immigration laws, whether these resources are used for immigration enforcement, and how effective they are. The study demonstrates this potential power of non-immigration policy through an in-depth analysis of South Africa’s unexpected capacity to control migration. South Africa is one of the world’s most prolific deporters of foreign nationals but not a very strong state. The study shows how decisions to ban segregation and invent new policing methods impacted the South African state’s capacity to deport foreign nationals. Using these findings, the article calls for more detailed research into the complex relationships between immigration enforcement and other movement control policies and for greater attention to heretofore neglected cases in the developing world.
Novel perspectives of controlling molecular systems have recently arisen from the possibility of generating attosecond pulses in the ultraviolet regime and tailoring electron dynamics in its natural time scale. The cornerstone mechanism is the so-called charge migration, he production of a coherent charge transfer with subfemtosecond oscillations across a molecule. Typically, charge migration is induced by the ionization of valence molecular orbitals. However, recent technological developments allow the generation of attosecond pulses in the x-ray regime. In this case, the absorption of photons creates core-hole states. In light elements, core-hole states mainly decay by Auger processes that, driven by electron correlations, involve valence orbitals. We theoretically demonstrate in a fluoroacetylene molecule a double-hole charge migration triggered by attosecond core-electron photoionization, followed by Auger electron relaxations. This opens a new route for inducing with x rays charge transfer processes in the subfemtosecond time scale.
Neige Frankel, Hans-Walter Rix, Yuan-Sen Ting
et al.
We develop and apply a model to quantify the global efficiency of radial orbit migration among stars in the Milky Way disk. This model parameterizes the possible star formation and enrichment histories, radial birth profiles, and combines them with a migration model that relates present-day orbital radii to birth radii through a Gaussian probability, broadening with age $τ$ as $σ_\mathrm{RM8}~\sqrt{τ/8{~\mathrm{Gyr}}}$. Guided by observations, we assume that stars are born with an initially tight age--metallicity relation at given radius, which becomes subsequently scrambled by radial orbit migration, thereby providing a direct observational constraint on radial orbit migration strength $σ_\mathrm{RM8}$. We fit this model with MCMC to the observed age--metallicity distribution of low-$α$ red clump stars with Galactocentric radii between 5 and 14 kpc from APOGEE DR12, sidestepping the complex spatial selection function and accounting for the considerable age uncertainties. This simple model reproduces well the observed data, and we find a global (in radius and time) radial orbit migration efficiency in the Milky Way of $σ_\mathrm{RM8}=3.6\pm 0.1$ kpc when marginalizing over all other model aspects. This shows that radial orbit migration in the Milky Way's main disk is indeed rather strong, in line with theoretical expectations: stars migrate by about a half-mass radius over the age of the disk. The model finds the Sun's birth radius at $\sim 5.2$ kpc. If such strong radial orbit migration is typical, this mechanism plays indeed an important role in setting the structural regularity of disk galaxies.