Burcu Gökbayır, Ezgi Yıldırım, Buğru Han Burak Kaptan
İçmimarlık estetik ve işlevsel mekanlar yaratırken aynı zamanda kullanıcıların gereksinim, istek ve seçimlerinin de dikkate alındığı bir disiplindir. Bu alandaki profesyonellerin, toplum, meslek ve meslektaşlarına karşı etik ilkeler çerçevesinde şekillenen sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Araştırma, Türkiye’de içmimarlık alanında yaşanan etik sorunları örnek olaylar üzerinden inceleyerek, mesleğin etik ve kurumsal çerçevesini değerlendirmeyi ve bu yolla içmimarlık alanında mesleki etik kuralların gerekliliğini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada Türkiye’de içmimarlık mesleğiyle doğrudan ilgili ve basına yansımış haberler analiz edilerek meslek etiğine dair örnekler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada örnek olay tarama modeli kullanılmış; internet ortamından ulaşılan yedi farklı haber, doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. İnceleme kapsamında ele alınan haberlerde hem içmimarlar hem de içmimar olmayan kişiler tarafından gerçekleştirilen ve içmimarlık ile doğrudan ilişkisi olan uygulamalar değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, içmimarlık hizmetlerinin meslek mensubu olmayan kişiler tarafından yürütülmesinin kamu güvenliği, kullanıcı hakları ve meslek itibarı açısından çok boyutlu riskler oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, meslek mensuplarının etik sorumluluklarına dair farkındalığın sınırlı olduğu ve denetim mekanizmalarının yetersiz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, mesleki etik ilkelerin geliştirilmesi, uygulanabilirliğinin artırılması ve ECIA ilkeleri gibi standartların yerel bağlama uyarlanmasının gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışma, literatürde içmimarlık alanında etik ihlalleri somut örneklerle ele alan sınırlı araştırmalardan biri olarak gelecekte yapılacak uygulamalı çalışmalar ve politika geliştirme süreçlerine katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir.
Kęstutis Zaleckis, Indrė Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė, Gediminas Viliūnas
This research explores the integration of biomimicry and architectural/urban genotype concepts to model psychologically acceptable environments. Drawing on foundational psychological theories—Gestalt, Attention Restoration, Prospect-Refuge, and Environmental Psychology—this study examines the private–public interface at the various urban resolutions, encompassing land plots, buildings, and urban structures. Biomimicry serves as a unifying framework, linking these theories with principles derived from natural systems to create sustainable and psychologically beneficial designs. The methodology incorporates simulative modeling, employing space syntax and isovist analysis to quantify key spatial features such as proximity, complexity, and refuge. This study evaluates traditional historical architectures from diverse cultural contexts, such as Islamic medina, Medieval European town, and modernist urbanism, to identify patterns of spatial organization that balance human psychological needs and ecological sustainability. Findings highlight the fractal and hierarchical nature of spatial structures and the importance of integrating human-scale, culturally relevant designs into modern urban planning. By establishing a replicable framework, this research aims to bridge theoretical and practical gaps in environmental psychology, biomimicry, and urban design, paving the way for resilient and adaptive environments that harmonize ecological and human well-being.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Social Sciences
Sanatçı ve doğa ilişkisinde bulunduğu dönemin sosyo-ekonomik koşulları doğa imgesinin ele alınış biçiminde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Resimde doğa kullanımı geçmişten günümüze değişimler geçirse de 21. yüzyıla kadar bazı önemli dönüm noktaları doğa imgesinin tanımının değişmesine neden olmuştur. Bu dönüm noktalarından Sanayi Devrimi ile ilk defa endüstriyel bir kirlilik ve sanayi atığı kavramı ortaya çıkarken, I. ve II. Dünya Savaşlarından sonra ölümler ve çevresel yıkımlar sanatçıların ele aldığı doğa imgesinin değişmesine neden olmuştur. 21. yüzyıl resim sanatında doğa imgesinin tek bir biçimde ele alınmadığı görülmektedir. Tüketim kültürü ile artan ekolojik kirlilik, bilinçsiz kentleşme, savaşlar doğayı yoğun bir şekilde tahrip etmektedir. Bu araştırmada 21. yüzyıl resim sanatındaki güncel doğa imgesinin resimsel olarak ele alınış biçimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Farklı sanat disiplinlerinden pek çok sanatçı bu konuyu problem olarak ele almış olsa da makale resim sanatı ile sınırlandırılmış ve çalışmanın kapsamı gereği güncel resim sanatından örnekler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel veri toplama biçimi olarak literatür taramasına başvurulmuş, eser analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak resim sanatında doğa imgesinin çağa göre şekillendiği ve günümüzde değişen çevresel ve toplumsal koşullardan dolayı oldukça kırılgan bir hale geldiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, çağımızda güncel bir sorunsal olan doğa-insan ilişkisini sanatsal üretimlerle aktarılmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.
ObjectiveRapid urbanization has encroached on large ecological spaces, causing ecological issues like biodiversity loss, heat island effect, and flooding. To address this, ecological networks composed of source sites, corridors, and stepping-stone patches are proposed to restore landscape connectivity and integrity, thereby ensuring ecological security. However, these networks have primarily focused on biodiversity conservation, neglecting other benefits to humans. This research, therefore, constructs a multifunctional ecological network in Wuhan by combining a biomigration network and a regional cooling network. This network is used to identify key areas for ecological restoration and protection, with a view to offering a reference for landscape conservation.MethodsIn this research, the construction and optimization of the multifunctional network are divided into four steps. 1) Identification of two types of source patches. Based on the land cover and land surface temperature (LST) of Wuhan urban agglomeration, the research screens the biodiversity source sites and regional cold island source sites by morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity. 2) Construction of two types of resistance surfaces. Based on land use type, elevation, slope, distance from road, distance from construction land, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and other data, the resistance values of biomigration and cold island diffusion are calculated respectively, and raster resistance surfaces are generated in ArcGIS. 3) Based on minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) and circuit theory, biomigration corridors and regional cooling corridors are generated respectively by using the Linkage Mapper toolbox. 4) Two kinds of corridors are overlapped to form a multifunctional ecological network pattern, based on which the key areas for ecological protection and restoration are identified in Wuhan urban agglomeration.ResultsIn this research, Wuhan urban agglomeration is taken as the research area. Based on land cover data, satellite remote sensing data and other sources of data, and by integrating the methods of MSPA, landscape connectivity analysis and surface temperature inversion, 22 biodiversity and 27 regional cooling sources are identified, both of which are distributed in the northeastern and southern parts of the research area. Based on the MCR model and circuit theory, the multifunctional ecological network pattern of Wuhan urban agglomeration is constructed with the help of Linkage Mapper toolbox, including 44 biomigration corridors and 51 regional cooling corridors. Finally, by identifying the intersections, pinch points and obstacle points of the dual networks, the key areas for ecological restoration and protection of national land space under the perspective of multifunctional ecological network are located, including 7 intersections of the dual networks (biomigration network and regional cooling network), 85.4 km2 of pinch points and 724.9 km2 of obstacle points in the biomigration network, and 50.1 km2 of pinch points and 926.6 km2 of obstacle points in the regional cooling network.ConclusionAiming to further enhance human well-being through ecological network, this research integrates the biomigration network and the regional cooling network into a cohesive multifunctional ecological network framework. This integrated network sustains the regular functioning of diverse ecological processes by interlinking the supply sources of various ecological functions, thereby amplifying the protective benefits of species habitats across urban and rural landscapes and augmenting the thermal comfort of human settlements. Additionally, the overlay of the two types of ecological corridors respectively corresponding to the aforesaid two networks substantially enhances the overall connectivity and stability of the ecological network pattern. In conclusion, this research proposes a strategic planning approach for ecological conservation and restoration, aimed at fostering the connectivity of a complex functional ecological network. This strategy encompasses the protection of existing ecological sources, the cultivation of potential sources, the restoration of impediments within the dual networks, and the safeguarding of critical pinch points and intersections. The findings of this research hold significant implications for the ecological security and sustainable development of Wuhan urban agglomeration, offering a reference for the construction of large-scale multifunctional ecological networks.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Architectural drawing and design
Cinemas were a significant socio-cultural event place in the early-mid 20th century in Cyprus. Then, due to technological developments such as invention of televisions and also technological transformation of cinema industry cinema buildings lost public’s interest. As a result, cinema buildings left abandoned to their fate. Cinema buildings are a significant part of the modern architectural heritage of Cyprus not only in terms of their architectural and physical aspects but also their emotional and socio-cultural value. The study focuses cinema buildings in Güzelyurt/Morphou and questions their current condition as a part of modern heritage of Cyprus. The methodology of the study based on interviews with the locals that experienced the cinema culture in 20th century. Conservation and reuse suggestions are proposed in the light of a value based approach. Heritage values of cinema buildings in Güzelyurt/Morphou were discussed and future proposals were made accordingly.
The construction industry, and particularly structural elements, which constitute the largest percentage of total building elements, consume large amounts of energy and produce emissions, placing a significant burden on the environment. Therefore, evaluating structural systems in terms of environmental impact is crucial. Furthermore, the built environment and physical environmental characteristics are factors that must be considered. This study develops a decision support system based on topographic impact values and lifecycle environmental impact. Accessibility parameters that will impact lifecycle environmental performance are also explicitly evaluated within the system boundaries, and scenario analyses are conducted. The developed mathematical method demonstrates the advantage of different alternative structural systems in different scenarios. The integrated approach of topography, transportation network, and accessibility factors demonstrates the impact of the local context on decision-making. While integrated mathematical studies within the lifecycle context are quite limited in the literature, this study is considered of significant importance.
The European Community has adopted a contractual-performance mode of managing community funds, in which the funding disbursement is contingent on the achievement of specific measured results. This has conditioned the NRP Programmes and had positive repercussions on national ones. Among these, the “Dateci Spazio” Programme (literally “Give us space”) is part of a broad process of equitable and inclusive regeneration of urban habitats and green infrastructure, promoting the creation of playgrounds in municipalities with populations over 300,000. The paper returns application research aimed at defining a process and tools to implement this experimental Programme generating accessible, inclusive, and universal habitats.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Architectural drawing and design
The space that is virtual in the planning processes is the one that is not experienced physically. With unlimited changes in virtual space 2/3 dimensional sketches/drawings, the desired location is reached in a short time. The structures which are implemented, after the planning process had finished, space is now a real space that can be experienced physically, its boundaries are defined and transformed. However, unlike virtual space, it may require serious cost and time for changes caused by small errors, revisions, or needs that will occur. Starting from this point, decoupling between the transitional spaces in the virtual and real space are described in the study. The main emphasis of the study is to explain how to transition spaces are separated from virtual and real spaces and what are their advantages and disadvantages during use with selected examples. The empirical method, which is one of the quantitative research types, was used. First of all, the meaning pattern of the concept of space was examined within the framework of the concept definitions of virtuality, reality, and transitivity. Virtual, real, and transitional spaces are explained by literature surveys. The transition locations were analyzed with selected samples. As a result, when the characteristics of the spaces are compared, it is seen that the transition spaces, with their flexibility, easy changeability, limitlessness, and timelessness, can analyze the spaces needed before building new buildings. It has been seen that the transition from the physical being space to another space and the space in which the transition is made can be experienced mentally.
The tectonic as theoretical subject was carried on in the nineteenth century in the context of German culture and concerns the relationship between form and construction, focusing on the analysis of the correspondences between the constructive and static needs and the intents addressed to aesthetics. In Barcelona, oppressed by Francoism during the ‘50s and ‘60s, the will to be modern was expressed to a considerable extent through the reinvention of a language characterised by a successful synthesis between modernity and attention to local culture. Therefore the tectonic is an investigative tool that links the culture of Barcelona’s design with the broader koinè of modernity that has made tectonic one of its fundamentals. As in Italo Calvino’s novelist The Castle of crossed destines where different tales intersect, and the tellers are prompted by the symbols of a pack of cards so even in Barcelona the representative strength of Architecture interweaves with theoretical texts about tectonic providing a wider horizon to understand Barcelona architecture in the modern age.
AbstractArchitectural researcher Dorina Pllumbi explores the appropriation of an ex‐industrial area of Albania for dwelling purposes. She points out the need for the architectural discipline to learn from the unconventional process of transformation of these realities by their new inhabitants.
ABSTRACT Renovating school buildings offers the potential to increase the visual, thermal and auditory well-being of students and school staff through biophilic design. Biophilic design guidelines generally describe the natural features in buildings and the intended experiences for occupants. As limited guidelines specify measurable architectural characteristics, this study discusses methodological explorations to identify potential biophilic qualities of buildings in the early stages of renovation projects, before in-depth post-occupancy evaluations and site visits. This research critically analyses plans, sections and elevations based on building certification standards and bioclimatic design principles. The simplicity of the assessment method aims to facilitate a preliminary evaluation of numerous and diverse schools in Quebec, Canada. The results from a case study of three primary schools showed that the quantitative information in architectural drawings can serve to identify challenges and opportunities for direct experiences of natural features, such as sunlight, outdoor views and fresh air. This exploration illustrates a replicable process to capture measurable architectural parameters with the potential to foster experiences of nature.
CASa Associati’s project for the recovery and development of the village of Buonanotte in Montebello sul Sangro, a small town perched on a saddle between the Maiella and Lake Bomba, tells the story of one of Italy’s many villages, abandoned in the 1960s due to a landslide, which has retained a surreal image of ethereal beauty to this day. The opportunity to intervene in Buonanotte arose when the region of Abruzzo issued a call for tenders for projects to enhance and develop tourism in small towns in inland areas.
Many monumental works from the Ancient Egyptian civilization that have survived to the present day continue to be a matter of curiosity for people ever since, due to the mysteries related to both to the construction technique and to the purpose of their construction, and these works are discussed on various scientific platforms. It is known that there are many temples and pyramids built in different periods and sizes in Egypt. The best-known of these are the temples of Abu Simbel and Karnak, which are attributed to the gods as places of worship, and the pyramid trilogy in the Giza region of Cairo can be given as examples. The research article, which was formed within the scope center of these structures, focuses on the narration of the transformation of the spaces in question into more sacred spaces that apart from these attributes were dedicated containing to the pharaohs’ individuality. It tries to reveal how the body, which is in search of material in line with its spiritual deficiencies, can transform the space that it is in contact with, into a fetish object, accompanied with explanations in line with the data. In addition, this research covers the functions of these spaces in line with their ascribed identities, how they are defined and how these definitions can change in connection with the users of the space. In the research, the descriptions of temple and pyramid structures, which contain the related concepts and are predicted to serve to many different purposes, and the sacred object that these structures contain, were used. As a result of the research, it has been found that the holy buildings, which are evaluated in addition to the religious functions correlated with their construction purposes, have also an aspect that glorifies the selves of their owners, completes and defines their spiritual deficiencies.
Veronica De Salvo, Martina Carraro, Massimo Bianchini
et al.
The article presents the results of the research activity carried out within the framework of the European project H2020 REFLOW, which aims to build an integrated approach for the development of innovative participatory practices dedicated to urban circular metabolisms. As a result of the survey conducted on the application of collaborative models for the urban circular economy, it emerged that there is no shared operational strategy that can be adopted for the circular development of complex systems, such as cities. Based on this premise, this paper offers a new perspective on how to build and validate a transitional pathway for the development of circular cities through the adoption of a design-oriented approach that orchestrates different resources and capacities.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Architectural drawing and design
In recent decades, investigators have strived to describe and quantify the orientation of the cardiac myocytes in an attempt to classify their arrangement in healthy and diseased hearts. There are, however, striking differences between the investigations from both a technical and methodological standpoint, thus limiting their comparability and impeding the drawing of appropriate physiological conclusions from the structural assessments. This review aims to elucidate these differences, and to propose guidance to establish methodological consensus in the field. The review outlines the theory behind myocyte orientation analysis, and importantly has identified pronounced differences in the definitions of otherwise widely accepted concepts of myocytic orientation. Based on the findings, recommendations are made for the future design of studies in the field of myocardial morphology. It is emphasised that projection of myocyte orientations, before quantification of their angulation, introduces considerable bias, and that angles should be assessed relative to the epicardial curvature. The transmural orientation of the cardiomyocytes should also not be neglected, as it is an important determinant of cardiac function. Finally, there is considerable disagreement in the literature as to how the orientation of myocardial aggregates should be assessed, but to do so in a mathematically meaningful way, the normal vector of the aggregate plane should be utilised.
A showroom must be able to accommodate without overwhelming its spaces trying, like a painter’s blank canvas, to give freedom of expression to the objects it contains.