هدف: عوامل شخصی نظیر باورها، نگرشها، رویدادهای محیطی و رفتارهای فرد با یکدیگر تأثیر متقابل دارند. به دلیل اهمیت بسزای این تأثیرپذیری، هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر رسیدگی به پروندههای اختلاف خانوادگی بر تجربه زیسته نگرش به زندگی شاغلین دادگاه خانواده بود.روش: پارادایم پژوهش، تفسیری و رویکرد پژوهش، کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی است. جامعه پژوهش حاضر شامل قضات شاغل در دادگستری شهر تهران، اراک، خرمآباد و شهرستان خمین در سال 1403بودند. افراد انتخاب شده کسانی بودند که سابقه کار در دادگاه خانواده و رسیدگی به پروندههای خانواده را بر عهده داشتند. روش نمونهگیری بهصورت هدفمند انجام شد. برای حمع آوری داده های پژوهش، از مصاحبه نیمهساختاریافته استفاده شد. نمونهگیری با ۶ مصاحبهشونده از قضات آقا، به اشباع رسید. دادهها از طریق تحلیل مضمون تحلیل شدند و در نهایت با نرمافزار مکس کیودا یک مدل برای تغییر نگرش ارائه شد. یافته: نتایج حاصل از مصاحبهها، ۳ مضمون فراگیر و ۱۲ مضمون سازماندهنده را مشخص کرد. مضامین فراگیر بهدستآمده عبارت بودند از: تأثیر تجربیات شغلی بر نگرش و رویکرد در زندگی شخصی، تحول در ارزشها و نگرشها نسبت به زناشویی و روابط خانوادگی، بدبینی و رویکرد محتاطانه در روابط اجتماعی.نتیجه گیری: بنابراین، رسیدگی به پرونده های اختلافات خانوادگی بر نگرش قضات شاغل دذ این حوزه تاثیر مثبت و منفی داشته است.
This Table of Contents reflects the print compilation of peer-reviewed articles published in the journal. Each article listed was originally published online under the journal’s open access model and remains individually accessible and citable. This compilation has been created solely for print distribution, reference, and archival purposes. No new research content is introduced. The publisher affirms that all articles included in this compilation have undergone the journal’s standard editorial and peer-review processes.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Social Sciences
Background: Institutions of higher education are hubs for student-athletes pursuing dual careers, in sports and higher education. The concepts of dual careers, transition models and support systems for student sports provide the conceptual framework for this study.
Objectives: The study investigated the dual sports career experiences of South African track and field student-athletes who studied at universities in South Africa and the United States of America (USA). Objectives determined satisfaction in terms of student-athlete support systems in their chosen localities.
Method: This qualitative study used a purposive sample of 12 participants from a general population of South African junior track and field athletes who pursued dual careers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews.
Results: The respondents found the US National Association Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports system superior to the South African sports system. The dual-career student-athletes transitioning through the last two stages of the South African Long-Term Athlete Development model reported a lack of support that negatively impacted the success of their dual career balance.
Conclusion: The South African context of student sport is not generally conducive to creating and enabling a dual sports–academic career environment because of insufficient contextual, processional and sports-specific factors. The participants perceived the NCAA system of student sport as holistic and supportive of their dual-career development.
Contribution: This study adds to the limited pool of knowledge relating to the dual-career development of student-athletes, and provides a base line for future research studies.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Social Sciences
At present, vocational guidance and career development are the most important aspects of training qualified personnel ready to work in modern conditions. In this regard, the issue of studying the best world practices becomes relevant. Changing the economic model of the People's Republic of China leads to the process of reforming the secondary vocational education system (SVE), the search for ways to train qualified personnel more effectively. The purpose of the research is to study the experience of the secondary vocational education system of the PRChina in the field of career guidance. The research problem is the need to identify and analyze merits and demerits of vocational guidance and career development in the cultural vocational education and training system of China in order to assess borrowing of best practices and increase the efficiency of qualified personnel training in Russia. The research methods used are study and analysis of the regulatory framework, scientific literature, transcripts, direct acquaintance with the system of training mid-level specialists in the field of Chinese culture and a comparative analysis of materials. The article highlights the factors affecting the reform of the SVE system in China, and the features that determine the vector of development of this level of training for the development of socio-economic and political life of the country. According to the results of the study, we can conclude that the system of career guidance and career development is based on a solid political and ideological foundation. There are special services for career guidance and career development in educational institutions, the curriculum contains relevant disciplines. The most important principle of a specialist training is formation of social responsibility in his mind.
Suhailah Sahul Ahmid, Tiew Chia Chun, Melissa Ng Lee Yen Abdullah
Purpose: Vocational education and training is important to produce skilled and innovative labor to drive the country's development in the 4th industrial revolution (IR 4.0). The employability of vocational college students is crucial to meet the country's demand for 21st-century workers. This study aims to identify the influences of innovative characteristics, work readiness, and vocational self-concept on the employability of vocational college students. The study also examined the moderating role of gender.
Methods: A quantitative correlational design was carried out to achieve the objectives of the study. The samples consisted of 395 vocational college students from five vocational colleges located in the states of Kedah and Penang, Malaysia. Data were collected through online questionnaire survey, which is made up of four instruments: Youth Innovation Skills Measurement Tool, the Work Readiness Scale, the Vocational Rational Scale and the Perceived Future Employability Scale. The validity and reliability of these instruments were well established. Descriptive and structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses were carried out.
Findings: Innovative characteristics (β = 0.252, t = 5.041, p < 0.001), vocational self-concept (β = 0.386, t = 7.131, p < 0.001) and work readiness (β = 0.219, t = 3.787, p < 0.001) had significant effects on employability of vocational college students. The model explained 53% of the variance in employability. Gender, however, did not moderate any of the three direct significant relationships.
Conclusion: This study found that innovative characteristics, work readiness, and vocational self-concept are factors that should be taken into consideration when developing education and career programs, interventions, and support services for vocational students. The graduate employment issues faced by vocational college students can be overcome if factors identified in this study can be enhanced. Similar approaches can be applied for both male and female students since gender is not a significant moderator. Overall, this study sheds light on the employability of vocational graduates and contributes towards improving career guidance and counseling practices for vocational students.
امروزه روستاییان با مشکلاتی مانند بیکاری، بهرهوری پایین کشاورزی، افزایش مهاجرت به شهرها و حاشیهنشینی مواجه هستند. کسبوکارهای گردشگری روستایی میتوانند در رفع این مشکلات موثر باشند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی و شناسایی چالشهای کسبوکارهای گردشگری روستایی از دیدگاه خبرگان روستایی و فعالان گردشگری منطقه آزاد ارس است. برای انجام این تحقیق، از رویکرد کیفی (روش تحلیل مضمون) استفاده شده است. نمونه مورد مطالعه با روش نمونهگیری گلوله برفی به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شد که تعداد 24 نفر را شامل شد. برای اطمینان از روایی و پایایی پژوهش از روش ارزیابی گوبا و لینکلن استفاده شد. دادههای جمعآوری شده با استفاده از نرمافزار MAXQDA مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان میدهد روستاهای دارای جاذبههای گردشگری منطقه آزاد ارس با چالشهایی مانند آسیبپذیری اجتماعی، نبود سیاستگذاری مناسب، ضعف زیرساختها، کمبود سرمایهگذاری، حمایت مالی ناچیز از کسبوکار گردشگری، ضعف شبکه اطلاع رسانی، فصلی بودن گردشگری، نارسایی در نظارت بر طرحهای اجرایی، فقدان پژوهش، امنیت ضعیف، مشارکت اندک روستائیان و سازمانهای گردشگری، آسیب به معماری سنتی روستا و تخریب محیط زیست روبرو هستند.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Agriculture (General)
Background: Despite the consensus on the significance of early career development, we still know little about the best-or-evidence-based practices for this demographic. Searching the keywords career development and marginalised populations and/or communities within the PychINFO, we found that 11% of articles were related to children, while only 1% of them were related to marginalised children. This indicates a strong need for scholarly attention on children of colour and their career development.
Objective: This manuscript outlines the construction of a curriculum developed to be used by counsellors in facilitating the career development of children, particularly those from minoritised communities. We hope that the curriculum will contribute to the scholarly discussion on best practices for career intervention in childhood.
Methods: Rooted in the narrative, social construction perspectives, the curriculum was prepared by assembling career and life narratives of culturally diverse exemplary models. These narratives of persistence provided children with various strategies exemplary models implemented to overcome barriers that challenged their sense of agency. Collaborating school counselling staff used three stories within the curriculum with the hope of increasing children’s sense of agency and adaptability. Students were third graders from a high-need elementary school. About one-fourth of the student body represented diverse cultural backgrounds, including Indigenous, Latino/a and black communities.
Results: Initial feedback from the counselling staff indicated that the curriculum lessons were well-received by the children. They were able to engage in age-appropriate narrative analysis via questions asked by the counselling staff.
Conclusion: Although the effectiveness of the curriculum is yet to be determined, the curriculum shows promise for assisting children in increasing their own sense of agency and in crafting their own career narratives.
Contribution: This manuscript provides a unique and promising approach to facilitating the early career development of children.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Social Sciences
In Quebec, the new Policy on Educational Success is reflected, among other things, in a dispositive whitch based success on the establishment of graduation targets to be achieved by educational institutions. To counter the negative influence of not having a diploma, policy initiatives seek to better target interventions directed at young adults to support their educational and vocational guidance. The S’Orienter Program was designed to debate stereotypical representations of young adults in order to support the development of their power to act and their consciousness regarding their educational and professional choices. Our analysis presents the influence of this group career counseling on the ability of young adults to project themselves into the future and to make educational and professional choices. We conceptualize the emancipatory function of intervention from the analysis of the consciousness - through the appropriation of conceptual instruments - of the emotions and norms that influence these choices.
hajieh rajabi farjad, Mohammadmahdi Ramezanzadeh, Mohammad khodaverdi
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between reward and happiness with the mediating role of work conflict in the staff of Jihad Agricultural Training Center in Tehran.Methods: Research method in terms of purpose; It is a descriptive-survey research applied and in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this study included all employees working in the Agricultural Jihad Training Center of Tehran province, which was a total of 460 people, 210 of whom were selected as a statistical sample based on Morgan table and simple random sampling. Research tools included the Shuffle et al. (2002) Work Involvement Questionnaire, Paju et al.'s (2010) Rewards Questionnaire, and Oxford Workplace Happiness (1998). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software.Results: In general, a significant relationship was observed between the research variables and the research model was confirmed(p≤0/01).Conclusion: According to the research findings; By managing the organization correctly and purposefully, financial and non-financial reward mechanisms can improve happiness in the workplace and increase employee engagement.
یکی از عوامل مهم در بهبود فضای کسبوکار توجه به بحث مالیات است تا با اتخاذ سیاستهای مناسب مالیاتی، شرایط بهبود فعالیتهای اقتصادی فراهم گردد. لذا یکی از مهمترین دغدغههای پیشروی نظام مالیاتی، ارتقاء فرهنگ مالیاتی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقاء فرهنگ مالیاتی و تأثیر آن بر بهبود فضای کسبوکار در استان گلستان بود. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از حیث روش، توصیفی- پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری در مرحله کیفی، 28 نفر از خبرگان دانشگاهی و سازمان امور مالیاتی استان گلستان بودند که به روش هدفمند با تکنیک گوله برفی انتخاب شدند و در مرحله کمی، کارشناسان کسبوکار به تعداد 100 نفر بودند و حجم نمونه براساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 80 نفر تعیین و برای نمونهگیری از روش تصادفی ساده استفاده شد. برای شناسایی عوامل از روش دلفی و برای بررسی روابط بین متغیرها از روش معادلات ساختاری با نرمافزار SmartPLS3 استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان دادند عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقاء فرهنگ مالیاتی شامل آموزش مؤدیان، فرهنگسازی رسانهای، آگاهی مؤدیان، اعتمادسازی مؤدیان، قانونگرایی مؤدیان، نگرش مؤدیان میباشند که نتایج معادلات ساختاری نشان داد به ترتیب به میزان 360/0 ، 465/0 ، 422/0 ، 307/0 ، 381/0 و 319/0 بر ارتقاء فرهنگ مالیاتی تأثیر معنیداری دارند و ارتقاء فرهنگ مالیاتی نیز بر بهبود فضای کسبوکار 851/0 تأثیر معنیداری دارد. ایجاد سازوکاری برای اخذ مالیات و جلوگیری از فرار مالیاتی از طریق تقویت سازوکارهای قانونی و اتصال پایگاههای اطلاعاتی به یکدیگر سبب بهبود فضای کسبوکار میشود.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Agriculture (General)
Over the last decades, consistent research showed that voluntary work could be considered as a tool for professional development and concrete employment: volunteering could be either experienced as a desire to improve career opportunities or to acquire new skills. The study aimed to investigate voluntary work as a context of informal and non-formal workplace learning and vocational guidance, useful to develop skills and abilities, namely the capital of personal and social resources, that could promote future employability. Participants were 38 young volunteers who experienced the Universal Civil Service, a national Italian program addressed to young people aged up to 28 years, giving them both the opportunity to engage in social activities useful for the community and have the first contact with a working context. In line with the objectives of the study, participants were invited to describe their volunteering experience in a diary, highlighting if and to what extent this context contributed to enhancing their employability capital, namely the asset of skills, knowledge, and networks acquired, that they could transfer to a future professional domain. The narrative data collected were examined through diatextual analysis, a specific address of discourse analysis designed to catch the relationship between enunciators, text, and context of the talk. This qualitative analysis allowed us to investigate the meanings young people attributed to these activities. In light of these results, the paper contributed to investigate volunteers’ perceptions about the conditions that could best foster this specific kind of workplace informal and non-formal learning and at proposing a qualitative perspective on the analysis of the employability capital they developed.
پخشان ملایی, سید مهدی الوانی, شمس السادات زاهدی
et al.
In this paper, while investigating the issue of women's lack of promotion, a systematic review of the research on the identification of barriers to women's promotion to the levels of management in Iranian governmental organizations was analyzed. Using the qualitative meta-analysis method and purposive sampling 32, research papers have been reviewed during the period from 2001 to 2017.The results show that there are significant changes in the prioritization of women's promotion barriers. In the 1980s, most studies have identified family-personal barriers as the main barrier to women's promotion to management levels. But in the next research, in addition to changing in priorities, a new barrier has also been added to the promotion barriers. The findings categorize women's promotion barriers into four broad categories and prioritize them as follows. Cultural-social barriers (gender stereotypes and domination of patriarchal culture).Political barriers (the absence of women in power rings, the absence of women in political parties and political groups, the inability of women in lobbying).Organizational barriers (organization's lack of trust in women, management perceived as a right and a male work, the absence of women in informal communication networks).And finally, individual-family barriers (women's lack of self-esteem, lack of motivation for advancement in women, and greater responsibility of women towards the family).
Lisbeth Lundahl, Jonna Linde, Joakim Lindgren
et al.
The introduction programme (IP) intends to facilitate transition to upper secondary education among Swedish youth with incomplete compulsory education. This article aims to explore and understand how local preconditions interact with schools’ support for the IP students. It looks at the local structural and institutional preconditions, and the strategies and work of head teachers, programme officers, teachers, and career counsellors, working in the IP in 90 municipalities of three categories: commuter municipalities close to big cities, rural municipalities, and small cities. The analysis builds on the responses from 139 school actors to a questionnaire, and on public statistics. On average, the commuter municipalities enjoy the most favourable structural and educational conditions, while the rural municipalities are the least resourceful, e.g. in terms of formal professional competence. Surprisingly however, the rural contexts on average perform better than the other municipalities regarding the level of graduation four years after starting the IP. There are few systematic local differences in the work with IP students. However, the IP in the rural municipalities on average enjoy higher support from school leaders, have a clearer division of responsibilities, and separate the students spatially to a lower degree compared to the commuter municipalities. Systematic handover between compulsory schools and the IP is less common in the commuter municipalities than in the other two groups. Whether these factors are relevant for explaining the higher success level in the rural schools and the lower success level in the schools in the commuter municipalities requires further investigation. Abstrakt Introduktionsprogrammet (IM) avser att underlätta övergången till gymnasieskolan bland ungdomar med låga eller ofullständiga grundskolebetyg. Syftet med artikeln är att undersöka och förstå hur lokala förutsättningar interagerar med skolornas stöd för IM-eleverna. Den analyserar de lokala strukturella och institutionella förutsättningarna, och strategierna och arbetet hos rektorer, programansvariga, lärare och karriärvägledare som arbetar med IM i 90 kommuner. Dessa tillhör kommunkategorierna pendlingskommuner nära storstäder, landsbygdskommuner och mindre städer. Analysen bygger på enkätsvar från 139 skolaktörer, och på offentlig statistik. Resultat: Pendlingskommunerna har i genomsnitt de mest fördelaktiga strukturella och utbildningsförhållandena, medan landsbygdskommunerna är minst resursstarka i dessa avseenden, t. ex. i termer av tillgänglig formell lärar- och vägledarkompetens. Därför är det förvånande att landsbygdskommunerna i genomsnitt presterar bättre än de andra kommunerna i termer av andelen elever som avlägger examen på ett nationellt gymnasieprogram fyra år efter starten på IM. Det syns få systematiska skillnader i arbetet med IM-eleverna. Emellertid har IM i landsbygdskommunerna i högre grad stöd från skolledarna och en klar ansvarsfördelning, och separerar i mindre utsträckning IM-eleverna spatialt från övriga gymnasieelever än i pendlingskommunerna. Om dessa faktorer är relevanta för att förklara de bättre resultaten i landsbygdsskolorna och de sämre i pendlingskommunerna kräver dock ytterligare undersökning. Nyckelord: ungdomsövergångar; gymnasieskolan; introduktionsprogrammet; lokal kontext
هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل محتوای کیفی پژوهشهای مرتبط با مفاهیم اکوسیستم کارآفرینی و کسب و کارهای نوپا بود. برای این منظور، منابع منتشر شده در فاصله سالهای 2010 تا 2019 (85 منبع) انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج بررسی تحلیل محتوا منجر به جدا سازی 7 بعد مرتبط با اکوسیستم کارآفرینی شد که عبارت بودند از : مؤلفههای اکوسیستم کارآفرینی، سیاستهای توسعه کارآفرینی، مشکلات و موانع کارآفرینان، پیشنیازهای موفقیت اکوسیستم کارآفرینی، ذینفعان اکوسیستم کارآفرینی، راهکارهای توسعه کارآفرینی و ارکان اکوسیستم کارآفرینی. دیگر نتایج تحقیق مشخص نمود که حدود 40 درصد از منابع مورد بررسی به روش کمی به مطالعه اکوسیستم کارآفرینی پرداخته بودند. بیشتر منابع توسط سازمانها و مؤسسات دولتی به اجرا درآمده بودند، به لحاظ نوع گردآوری دادهها، 40 درصد منابع، مدیران، کارآفرینان و صاحبان کسب و کار را مخاطب خود قرار داده بودند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها در نیمی از منابع مورد بررسی، از طریق پرسشنامه بود. به لحاظ پراکنش جغرافیائی، بیشتر منابع در سطح بین المللی به بررسی ابعاد اکوسیستم کارآفرینی پرداخته بودند. همچنین بررسی سال انتشار منابع چاپ شده مشخص نمود که طی 10 سال، روند افزایشی در منابع منتخب در زمینه اکوسیستم کارآفرینی مشاهده شد.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Agriculture (General)
امروز تردیدی وجود ندارد که راه حل قطعی بسیاری از مشکلات کشور، رونق تولید است اما این رونق تصادفی حاصل نخواهد شد و برای حصول آن نیاز است که قبل از ایجاد کسبوکار، ملاحظات بازار، فنی و اقتصادی مدنظر قرار گیرد. مقالهی پیشرو با هدف شناخت زمینهی تولید و بررسی توجیهپذیر بودن پرورش قارچ دکمهای در بخش ضیاءآباد استان قزوین میباشد. روش این تحقیق از نوع آمیخته میباشد به این ترتیب که ابتدا از طریق مطالعات کتابخانهای و مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با 28 نفر از تولیدکنندگان و توزیعکنندگان دادههای تحقیق گردآوری شد و سپس دادههای کیفی به اعداد کمّی ترجمه شد و بر همین مبنا نسبتهای اقتصادی و مالی محاسبه شد. پس از انجام بررسی مشخص شد که پرورش قارچ دکمهای در استان قزوین از نظر بازار مشکلی نداشته و بازار مصرف مناسبی برای محصول فراهم بوده است و همچنین ابزار و تجهیزات مورد نیاز برای راهاندازی کسبوکار به راحتی از داخل کشور قابل تأمین است درنتیجه طرح از نظر فنی و تکنولوژی نیز موجه میباشد. در ادامه با دادههای حاصل از مصاحبهها بهمراه شاخصهای ارزیابی اقتصادی طرحها (NPV، IRR، B/C و POP) به بررسی سوددهی طرح پرداخته شد تمام نتایج شاخصها گواه این بودند که طرح دارای سوددهی مثبت و قابل قبول است و اجرایی کردن طرح موجب اشتغالزایی جوانان و رونق بیشتر تولید در منطقه میگردد. در نهایت توصیهها و پیشنهادهایی به تولیدکنندگان و سایر محققان ارائه گردید.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Agriculture (General)
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan pengaruh layanan penguasaan konten dengan teknik role playing terhadap komunikasi interpersonal siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian eksperimen, dengan menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 34 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala komunikasi interpersonal. Pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas menggunakan rumus product moment dan rumus alpha. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif presentase dan uji beda (t-test). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebelum diberikan layanan penguasaan konten dengan teknik role playing memiliki rata-rata komunikasi interpersonal siswa sebesar 51% termasuk dalam kriteria rendah. Sedangkan komunikasi interpersonal siswa setelah diberikan layanan penguasaan konten dengan teknik role playing memiliki rata-rata 77% yang termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi. Berdasrkan uji t-test dengan taraf kesalahan 5% diketahui nilai t hitung > t table (13,428 > 2,032), maka Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan penguasaan konten dengan teknik role playing berpengaruh terhadap komunikasi interpersonal siswa.
ABSTRACT
The study aims to prove the effect of content mastery service by using role playing technique toward students’ interpersonal communication. The method of this study was experimental design by using one group pre-test-posttest design. This study used purposive sampling with 34 students as the subject of the study. The instrument used in this study is the interpersonal communication scale. The try-out for validity and reliability used product moment and alpha formula. The data analysis used descriptive analysis percentage and t-test. The results shows that before giving content mastery service by using role playing technique had the percentage 51 % and it was in low criteria. Meanwhile, students’ interpersonal communication after giving content mastery service by using role playing technique had the percentage 77 % and it was in high criteria. Based on the t-test findings with degree of mistake 5 %, tvalue > ttable (13,428> 2,032), thus, alternative hypotheses (Ha) was accepted. So it can be concluded that content mastery service by using role playing technique affect the students’ interpersonal communication.
تهمینه احسانی فر, مهنا شاهمردای, پریسا مرادیان
et al.
این تحقیق با هدف شناسایی و اولویتبندی بازدارندههای توسعه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی در شهرستان لاهیجان انجام شده است. روش تحقیق کیفی از نوع مطالعه موردی بود و با استفاده از روش مصاحبه عمیق و مشاهده مشارکتی با 12 نفر از زنان روستایی کارآفرین که براساس روش نمونهگیری هدفمند انتخاب شده بودند، دادههای موردنظر گردآوری شد. براساس نتایج حاصل از تحلیل محتوای مصاحبهها، عوامل بازدارنده در دو طبقه انتخابی «مشکلات بخش اجرا» شامل دو محور ضعف زیرساختها و نارساییهای حمایتی و سیاستی دولت و سازمانها و «مشکلات بخش تولید» شامل مشکلات زنجیره تولید، توزیع و نظارت، دستهبندی شدند. در این بین نبود فضای کافی و مناسب، عدم اعتماد به یکدیگر، عدم حمایت دولت از تولیدکنندگان، نرخ بالای سود بانکی، عدم رسیدگی به مشکلات در حوزه تولید، نوسان شدید بازار، نوسان شدید قیمت نهادهها وآسیب دیدن محصولات به دلیل آفات، مهمترین موانع توسعه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی در شهرستان لاهیجان را تشکیل دادهاند.
Vocational guidance. Career development, Agriculture (General)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara fungsi keluarga dengan kecerdasan interpersonal siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, metode deskriptif dengan jenis korelasional, dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua variabel yaitu fungsi keluarga sebagai variabel bebas dan kecerdasan interpersonal sebagai variabel terikat. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 152 dari populasi 264 siswa dengan teknik pengabilan sampel Simple Random Sampling. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan angket fungsi keluarga dan skala kecerdasan interpersonal. Untuk menganalisis data menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dan regresi. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat dijelaskan bahwa fungsi keluarga dalam kategori sangat tinggi sebesar 189,51 dan kecerdasan interpersonal dalam kategori tinggi sebesar 163,62. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien korelasi memperoleh hasil Rhitung 0,632 dalam kategori kuat/tinggi, pada uji t diketahui t hitung sebesar 9,987, dan t tabel sebesar 1,976 diketahui bahwa t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel jadi hipotesis nol ditolak , artinya fungsi keluarga berpengaruh terhadap kecerdasan interpersonal, nilai koefisien dan t hitung ialah positif terhadap kecerdasan interpersonal.dan nilai signifikansi (p) 0,000. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara fungsi keluarga dengan kecerdasan interpersonal siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 40 Semarang.
This research aims to examine the relationship between the function of the family with the interpersonal intelligence of students in the class VII SMP Negeri 40 Semarang. This research was the quantitative research, the descriptive method with type of correctional, in this research there were two variables those were the family function as the free variable and the interpersonal intelligence as the bound variable. The total of the sample was 152 from the population 264 students with the technique of collecting sample used the Simple Random Sampling. The data collection tool used was the questionnaire of the family function in the very high category it was 189.51 and the interpersonal intelligence was in the very high category it was 163.62. The result of the research showed that the score of the correlation coefficient obtained the result of R count 0.632 in the strong/high category, in t-test, it was known that t count was higher than t table so null hypothesis was rejected, it meant that family function was effected to the interpersonal intelligence, coefficient value, and t count was positive to the interpersonal intelligence, in the significance score (p) 0.000. Based on the result of the research it can be concluded that there is positive relationship and significance between the family function with the interpersonal intelligent of the student in the class VII SMP Negeri 40 Semarang