Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Samira Belahcene, Zeid Alia, Abdelouahab Gahtar et al.

This study compares neutral, alkaline, and acidic treatments for potato starch-based bioplastics, analyzing their structural, optical, and biological properties. Bioplastics Bio(H2O), Bio(NaOH), and Bio(HCL) exhibited densities of 1.38 g/cm3, 1.61 g/cm3, and 1.40 g/cm3, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed glycerol–starch interactions, while XRD confirmed an orthorhombic crystal structure with strong orientation along (211) and (400) planes. Crystallite size, micro-stress, and dislocation density in the (211) plane were 15.399, 0.122, and 0.341 lines/nm2, respectively. Optical analysis showed a direct bandgap in the 250–400 nm range. Biologically, bacteria effectively degraded starch-based plastics, with a white circular colony identified as the most efficient. A pure culture of bioplastic-degrading bacteria was isolated using the streak plate method. These bacteria achieved complete degradation in 48 h in liquid media and 1 month in solid media, validating the study’s reliability and thoroughness.

Zhu Yaolin, Liu Kainan, Gu Meihua et al.

Cashmere and wool fibers are important raw materials in the textile industry, but their similar morphological structures make accurate distinctions challenging. Image preprocessing methods will cause some damage to the fiber contours, resulting in the loss of feature information. The keypoint features that do not require image preprocessing are added to the library of morphological and texture features. At the same time, existing methods of feature selection often ignore the relation between features and the classifier. Therefore, we propose a novel feature selection method with support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). The SVM-RFE method recursively removes the features of the least contribution to SVM classification, ultimately generating the optimal feature set. Our approach achieves a recognition accuracy of 98.06%, which is 8.34% higher than the traditional two-feature method and 6.12% higher than the three-feature method, both without feature selection. Experimental results demonstrate that keypoint features effectively compensate for the information loss caused by image preprocessing, while the SVM-RFE feature selection method can select the optimal feature subset relevant to the classifier so as to accurately distinguish cashmere and wool fibers.

Yujin Hong, Ye Eun Kim, Heejae Lee et al.

This study proposes an optimized sizing system for medical examination clothing that balances fit and production and management efficiency. The research investigated existing sizing systems in the market and conducted focus group interviews with medical staff and online surveys with examinees to identify issues in current sizing practices, particularly with Korea Medical Institute’s (KMI) medical examination clothing. A loss function approach was applied using a loss coefficient ratio derived from survey data and body dimensions of 5082 adults from the eighth Size Korea survey. The resulting optimized system reduced the number of sizes from six to four while achieving a high accommodation rate of 81.9%. The developed system includes 2XS-XS for smaller-bodied females, L-XL and 2XL-3XL for males, and S-M for larger-bodied females and smaller-bodied males. This reduction in sizes improves production and management efficiency without compromising wearer satisfaction. While the proposed system follows a unisex sizing structure similar to market products, it enhances accommodation rate and efficiency by applying a data-driven optimization approach tailored to Korean body types. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the loss function optimization method and its practical benefits in enhancing both user satisfaction and operational efficiency.

Zhewei Chen, Wai Keung Wong, Zuofeng Zhong et al.

The scarcity of high-quality annotated data poses a significant challenge to the application of deep learning in fabric defect tasks, limiting the generalization and segmentation performance of existing models and impeding their capability to address the complexity of various fabric types and defects. To overcome these obstacles, this study introduces an innovative method to infuse specialized knowledge of fabric defects into the Segment Anything Model (SAM), a large-scale visual model. By introducing and training a unique set of fabric defect-related parameters, this approach seamlessly integrates domain-specific knowledge into SAM without the need for extensive modifications to the preexisting model parameters. The revamped SAM model leverages generalized image understanding learned from large-scale natural image datasets while incorporating fabric defect-specific knowledge, ensuring its proficiency in fabric defect segmentation tasks. The experimental results reveal a significant improvement in the model’s segmentation performance, attributable to this novel amalgamation of generic and fabric-specific knowledge. When benchmarking against popular existing segmentation models across three datasets, our proposed model demonstrates a substantial leap in performance. Its impressive results in cross-dataset comparisons and few-shot learning experiments further demonstrate its potential for practical applications in textile quality control.

Grujić Dragana, Gačić Blanka, Savić Aleksandar et al.

Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, fast-paced lifestyle, as well as genetic predispositions lead to the appearance of diabetes mellitus, and with it many other complications, of which diabetic foot syndrome is very common. In order to avoid complications with the diabetic foot, one of the forms of prevention is wearing specially designed footwear that protects and reduces the pressure on the foot and thus the risk of ulcers. Insoles also play a big role in preventing complications. The paper will present a conceptual solution of a model of footwear for patients with diabetes mellitus and a prototype of an insole made of knitwear, which was previously printed with medical clay, honey and extracts of the plants Rosmarinus officinalis and Zingiber officinale. Samples of knitwear that were printed with a paste containing Rosmarinus officinalis extract showed exceptional antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Replaceable insoles for footwear are intended for the prevention of complications from Diabetes mellitus.

Mahmut-Sami Özev, Andrea

3D printing on textile fabrics has been investigated intensively during the last years. A critical factor is the adhesion between the printed polymer and the textile fabric, limiting the potential areas of application. Especially safety-related applications, e.g. stab-resistant textile/polymer composites, need to show reliable adhesion between both components to serve their purpose. Here we investigate the possibility of sandwiching textiles between 3D-printed layers, produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM). We show that adding nubs to the lower 3D-printed layers stabilizes the inner textile fabric and suggest future constructive improvements to further enhance the textile-polymer connection.

Jerzy Bochnia, Tomasz Kozior, Mateusz Musialek

This article studies the flexural behavior of thin-walled specimens with square hollow sections fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM). The specimens were 3D printed from an ABS filament reinforced with aramid fibers. Four wall thicknesses were analyzed. The strength data were collected during three-point flexural tests. There are visible, clear differences in the flexural properties between the X- or Y-oriented specimens and those printed in the Z direction, and they vary up to 70%. It was also found that the flexural strength was dependent on the G-codes controlling the print head’s motion, path, and position. For specimens with a thickness up to 1.4 mm, the infill pattern was linear, whereas 1.8 mm and 2 mm specimens needed a stitch, which had some negative effects on the strength properties.

Samuel Charca, Carlos Tenazoa, Holmer Savastano Junior

On any industry where the natural fibers are used, chemical composition of the fibers is an important parameter to determine, since it allows to predict the product quality. On the other hand, TAPPI standard developed a well described methodology to determine the chemical composition; however, their methodology is time and resource consuming, and furthermore it requires well trained specialist. An alternative to determine the chemical composition is to use the true density, since the density of the fiber constituents are different. In this study, we present a clear relation between the true density and the three major constituents (cellulose, lignin and extractives) with the fitting parameter R > 90%, for the Stipa obtusa base fibers.

Bastian, Christof Breckenfelder, Jens Voigt et al.

This paper examines the influence of virtual and augmented reality on the purchasing decision-making process for clothing. The aim of the study is to gain well-founded insights into the possibilities and limitations of using virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) techniques in that process. It can be shown that VR and AR applications as interactive systems can offer valuable support in the purchasing decision-making process. New chances and possibilities arise for future shopping in virtual or augmented realities, in which customers are supported in their decision-making. So far, the simulation of visual properties, the limited range of offered pieces, the lack of customer acceptance as well as high barriers to entry and expensive hardware solutions have weakened the full exploitation of potential.

Arumugam Kayambu, Rajkumar Ramasubbu

Areca Catechu Fiber (ACF) is a waste product, which is expelled from tobacco industries, and in some cases, it is used as fuel. However, it is rich in fiber. This study addresses the characterization and physical and chemical properties of ACF. It is rich in cellulose (63.24 wt %) content, which seems to be higher in wt % when compared with other natural fibers. The fibers are characterized by using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The density of the fiber is noticed as 1.34 g/cc, and it provides the better replacement for synthetic fiber. Since the wax content is less (0.34 wt %), it provides better adhesion between fiber and resin interface. Therefore, ACF could be a better solution for an eco-friendly composite product.

Khurshid Malik, Faiz Ahmad, Ebru Gunister

The drilling of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRCs) and their hybrid composites is a critical machining operation, which becomes vital to facilitate parts assembly. The quality of the drill hole is crucial for advanced applications due to strict dimension tolerance. The NFRCs have been studied rapidly for recent years because of their comparable specific properties, secure and safe handling, eco-friendly, and accessibility compared to synthetic fiber-based composites. This paper presents a review of past and present research studies of the drilling behavior of NFRCs and their hybrid. Firstly, it investigates various drilling techniques used for NFRCs. Then, an overview of the various drilling parameters and keys aspects of drilling performance parameters are presented to provide the space to narrate the development of ideas and our current understanding of this research field. After that, a study on drill bit geometry and materials, and residual strength is analyzed. Consequently, the method of improving the drilling properties for natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite and their hybrid, the challenges, and recommendations for researchers are highlighted. Results showed that the drilling performance could be enhanced by chemical treatment of natural fiber and using the special drill bit besides determining the optimized drilling performance parameters.

Safwan Sulaiman, Nur Shakira Sahat, Farah Nadia Omar et al.

This paper presents the isolation of kenaf bast fiber to produce cellulose nanofiber (CNF) using chemical-physical treatment (e.g. delignification, bleaching and ultrasonication). Raw bast fiber was bleached and then subjected to high-intensity ultrasonication at four different output powers (100 W, 200 W, 400 W and 700 W). SEM and TEM analysis of treated bast fiber revealed that the morphological structure of CNF with diameter distribution in the range less than 100 nm (100 W) to 10 nm (700 W). Hemicellulose and lignin content were successfully reduced by chemical treatments, as there was increment of the cellulose content in the fiber more than 90% recorded. Higher ultrasonication output power attributes to the decreasing diameter size of CNF. This finding reflected that smaller CNF fibrils provide larger surface area per volume ratio. Larger stretching vibration of – OH group is detected as the higher composition of cellulose in CNF. CNF produced also had higher thermal stability than raw bast fiber after undergoes the chemical-physical treatment. Therefore, chemical-physical treatment did not only to attribute the success of deposition of lignin and hemicellulose, but also to increase the nano-sized fiber distribution in CNF suspension.

Sanghee Kim, Hongjoo Woo

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the media reported different kinds of issues that global fashion retailers face. They had to unexpectedly dismiss garment workers and employees internally, while they had to perform CSR practices for their suffering communities externally. The purpose of this study is to investigate how global fashion retailers responded to these external and internal crises during the pandemic through a case study. Based on corporate social responsibility (CSR) contribution types and the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), various secondary sources which are related to three selected global fashion retailers’ (Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo) responses to external and internal crises during the pandemic are analyzed. The findings indicate that global fashion retailers showed some different approaches in their responses to external and internal crises during the pandemic. Externally, all of them practiced CSR by providing monetary and in-kind contributions to the society. However, toward the internal issues related to their factory workers and employees, some of them denied or diminished the problems that had been raised, while all of them attempted to make a deal with the parties who had been affected. The results of this study propose an agenda to discuss global fashion retailers’ responsibilities during the pandemic, as well as to inform fashion retailers of how leading retailers have responded to the crises.

Beatriz da Silva Machado, Valdinei Sales Martins, Luciano Pisanu et al.

Structural studies of three vegetable fibers plus eucalypt wood through heating microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal analysis through Thermal Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis are presented in this work. Morphological and dimensional changes obtained from heating microscopy were observed, showing shrinkage occurrences of vegetable fibers related to their diameter and length, respectively. The thickness decreased by 50% when heated at 450–500°C, this process starting at 300–400°C with an initial percentage length of ≈ 90%, that corresponds to a fast weight loss. These results were compared with simultaneous thermal analysis under the same conditions. Thus, for the first time, it was possible to quantify vegetable fiber dimensional changes and surface aspects under heating that cannot be seen by traditional thermal analysis. We also performed crystallinity calculations from XRD data, observing that cellulose/hemicellulose contents had major contribution in all samples.

Kertakova Marija, Jordeva Sonja, Mojsov Kiro

20th century war and post-war periods are a particularly specific time lines that have a dramatic effect on the development of fashion. In the post-war period, the problem of fashion appearance took a back seat. This fact, which affects both sexes equally, is perceived relatively quietly by men but not by women. As always, there are two trends - attraction and repulsion. The first involves the use of military elements in a civilian costume. The second tendency is to create a line that will allow people to shake off as soon as possible the nightmarish memories of the war. The new social ideal of beauty is based on the clear construction and appropriateness of the garment, but it already feels the ebb and fl ow of the principle of military production - "cheap and easy". The new fashion bows to the elements left behind by cubism and constructivism - rigor, clarity, linearity, volume reduction - after the First and - convenience, combination of the incompatible, kaleidoscope of colors, fabrics and forms - after the Second World War. After the end of the two world wars, the military and pre-war influences were almost forgotten. New generations live their full-blooded lives and are interested in fashionable clothing, and here come the first fashion trends related to youth counterculture. The breakthrough of women in the business world and the trace for emancipation imposes from military elements, ladies' fashion, to begin to shift towards masculine ones. A new wave of segregation and a special attitude towards a brand new women's business clothing begins.

M. E. H. Bourahli

The present work considered several statistical distribution functions with the aim to critically analyze the strength data of natural Diss fibers. Besides the Weibull two-parameter distributions, three-parameter and bimodal Weibull were used. Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Anderson–Darling and chi-square goodness-of-fit test were used to judge how accurate the theoretical Weibull probability density function (PDF) fits with tensile strength data. Tensile test results indicated that the fibers have good tensile strength and Young’s modulus. However, their fracture strength exhibits high scatters due to the presence of defects within the fiber and/or on the fiber surface. Microscopic observation revealed that the rupture of the fibers is governed by two types of defects, the rough surface of the fiber formed by several spines and the internal defects such as the defects of connection between fibrils. The statistical analysis of variability in strength showed that the results of the shape and scale parameters calculated using bimodal Weibull distribution give larger values compared to those using the single Weibull distribution. Also, the strength data points fit well to the bimodal Weibull PDF curve. All three goodness-of-fit tests indicated also that the bimodal Weibull model gives a more accurate prediction of data strength compared to the unimodal Weibull model.

Larissa Marie Shepherd, Margaret Wilde Frey

This paper describes the results of using oxygen (O2) plasma to treat both greige and scoured cotton yarns to cause significant degradation of cellulose. This study is an effort to reduce hazardous caustic chemicals commonly used to make the cellulose molecule more accessible for uses in such applications as biofuels. Through high power density, 0.46 W/cm2, and the study of varying exposure times, we find longer durations of 30 min to 90 min result in significant cellulose structure degradation. Due to waxes and contaminants found on greige yarns, scoured yarn degradation occurs at shorter exposure times than greige yarns, however, both experience tearing and pitting with longer exposures. This study provides evidence that significant degradation of cellulosic yarns can be achieved through high power density O2 plasma exposure.

Nagla El-Shemy, Karima Haggag, Elham El-Kharady et al.

The importance of using renewable feed stocks in the textile industry area are expected to increase in the next few decades due to the limited natural resources coupled with an increased environmental legislation for eco-friendly and sustainable technologies. This research work focuses on the possible future applications of microwave irradiation in this field. Alkyd resins with highly distinct characters and reactive properties, based entirely on commercially available renewable resources, including sunflower or soybean oil, are prepared and characterized. The rheological properties, apparent viscosity of prepared binders, and roughness of the prints were described. The study was extended to application of the prepared alkyd resins as a binder in pigment printing operations onto cotton fabric by using a flat screen technique. The optimum curing conditions as well as the color strength and fastness properties of pigment printed areas to light, washing, perspiration and crocking, were evaluated.