Hasil untuk "Religious ethics"

Theodore U. Dickson, Innocentia N. Charles

This article examines Ephesians 6:1–4 through a contextual and ethical lens, exploring its enduring applicability and implications for parent–child relationships within contemporary Christian households. The text’s dual injunction – child’s obedience and honour to parents and father’s disciplinary limits – forms the cornerstone of many theological conceptions of family life. However, its application has often veered into coercive territory, particularly within conservative religious communities where parental authority is sacralised and unquestioned. Utilising insights from theological exegesis, Greco-Roman household code analysis, and contemporary child development psychology, this study critiques both permissive and authoritarian models of parenting that claim biblical legitimacy. It also challenges children’s disobedience to godly parental instructions (in the Lord). Contribution: The article contends that Paul’s exhortations must be reinterpreted within their original socio-cultural matrix and in alignment with Christocentric ethics. Consequently, it offers a theologically responsible and child-sensitive framework that upholds mutual dignity, relational accountability and the spiritual formation of children without resorting to control or abuse. Ultimately, the study reclaims Ephesians 6:1–4 as a text that fosters ethical parental restraint and meaningful, voluntary obedience rooted in love and discipleship.

Jiawen Deng, Wei Li, Wentao Zhang et al.

Intelligent dialogue systems are increasingly deployed in emotionally and ethically sensitive settings, where failures in either emotional attunement or ethical judgment can cause significant harm. Existing dialogue models typically address empathy and ethical safety in isolation, and often fail to adapt their behavior as ethical risk and user emotion evolve across multi-turn interactions. We formulate ethical-emotional alignment in dialogue as an explicit turn-level decision problem, and propose \textsc{EthicMind}, a risk-aware framework that implements this formulation in multi-turn dialogue at inference time. At each turn, \textsc{EthicMind} jointly analyzes ethical risk signals and user emotion, plans a high-level response strategy, and generates context-sensitive replies that balance ethical guidance with emotional engagement, without requiring additional model training. To evaluate alignment behavior under ethically complex interactions, we introduce a risk-stratified, multi-turn evaluation protocol with a context-aware user simulation procedure. Experimental results show that \textsc{EthicMind} achieves more consistent ethical guidance and emotional engagement than competitive baselines, particularly in high-risk and morally ambiguous scenarios.

Krisha Mehta, Sami Elahi, Alex Kale

Data communication entails ethical dilemmas where situational constraints forbid full disclosure of source data. Whereas visualization research and pedagogy often frames ethics as a matter of individuals making deceptive design choices or being misled, disclosure problems involve negotiation between pro-social actors. To provide observability into these situated judgments, we contribute Purrsuasion, an open-source visualization game where participants play the roles of (i) data providers designing visualizations subject to disclosure constraints and (ii) data seekers requesting information and awarding a contract. We deploy Purrsuasion in an undergraduate data science class (N = 27), gathering gameplay data to support a mixed-methods analysis of students' communication dynamics, problem solving, and trust formation. We find that difficulties envisioning an ideal visualization solution lead to satisficing in visualization authoring and difficulties attributing authorial intent. Given these challenges, we approach scoring student solutions by developing a heuristic rubric that supports sociotechnical judgments of disclosure adherence.

Mohammad Shirvani, Maryam Cholmaghani, Sayyida Tahereh Hosseini

The widespread acceptance of the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) message reflects a deep existential alignment between his teachings and the psychological and spiritual needs of his community. While traditional theological interpretations attribute the success of Islam solely to Divine will excluding socio-historical analysis this study adopts a realist perspective, arguing that the prophetic message resonated because it responded meaningfully to the lived experiences and core concerns of the people. Had the message failed to reflect these conditions, it likely would not have gained traction or led to widespread transformation. Using a critical-analytical method and library-based research tools, this study explores the cognitive, spiritual, ethical, and justice-related dimensions of human existence during the era of revelation. The findings reveal that the most pressing external concern was social injustice, while the most powerful internal driver was the spiritual search for meaning. Ethics and knowledge, although valued, were secondary to these dominant pressures. The Prophet’s ability to address both the external demand for justice and the internal longing for spiritual fulfillment positioned his message as both relevant and transformative. This alignment between prophetic mission and human need catalyzed a sociotheological revolution, demonstrating that successful religious movements must respond not only to divine command but also to human condition.

Mohammadreza Jahangirzadehqomi, Hamid Rafieihonar, Mostafa Jahangiri

This research aimed to identify components of moral personality, present a conceptual model based on Islamic sources, and assess its validity. A mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design was used. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis; quantitative data were collected via a descriptive survey. In the qualitative phase, the concept of moral personality was investigated in psychological and lexical resources, and corresponding Islamic concepts were extracted. Components of moral personality were identified through coding. Analysis of 865 open codes, using axial and selective coding, yielded three component categories: cognitive (spiritual awareness, continuous self-evaluation, beatific, felicitous, blissful, happiness-oriented thinking, optimism-satisfaction), conative (God-oriented emotionality, God-oriented affectivity, trust and hope in God, transcendent, sublime, exalted endeavor, aspiration, tranquility, serenity, endurance, steadfastness, self-sufficiency, lack of need, non-attachment, detachment), and behavioral (behavioral discipline, moderation, temperance, good association, companionship, fellowship, intercourse, altruistic, selfless helping, aid, social tolerance, forbearance). In the quantitative phase, six experts evaluated the conformity of psychological concepts and the compatibility of identified components with Islamic documentation using the content validity index (CVI), confirming 11 concepts and 14 components. Component relationship analysis revealed that the interaction of cognitive and conative components shapes behavioral components, all influenced by faith and its requisites.

Abdelrahman Ahmed Abdelhai Abdelghani, Hebatallah Ahmed Mokhtar Ahmed

Background: Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 positions tourism as a key economic pillar, emphasizing Sharīʿa-compliant services. Despite rapid investment, the ethical–spiritual nexus in tourism remains underexplored, particularly regarding the role of Islamic Business Ethics (IBE) in shaping customer experience and financial outcomes. Aims: This study investigates whether spiritual satisfaction and perceived value act as mediators between Islamic Business Ethics, customer loyalty, and profitability, while also examining religiosity as a moderating factor. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 385 tourists in Saudi Arabia (November 2024–February 2025) was conducted using validated measurement scales. Structural equation modeling and the Hayes PROCESS macro were employed to test direct, indirect, and moderating effects. Result: A Findings reveal that IBE significantly enhances spiritual satisfaction (β = 0.582, p < 0.001) and profitability (β = 0.298, p < 0.001). Both spiritual satisfaction and perceived value partially mediated the link between IBE and customer loyalty, with explained variance in loyalty reaching 62.4%. Moreover, religiosity amplified the relationship between IBE and spiritual satisfaction, indicating stronger effects among highly religious guests. Conclusion: Islamic business ethics drive spiritual satisfaction and loyalty while contributing to profitability in Saudi Arabia’s hospitality sector. For managers, authentic ethical practices—especially when tailored to the needs of highly religious consumers—can yield deeper guest connections and long-term financial sustainability, aligning with the ambitions of Vision 2030.

Georgy Ishmaev, Emmanuelle Anceaume, Davide Frey et al.

Layer 2 rollups improve throughput and fees, but can reintroduce risk through operator discretion and information asymmetry. We ask which operator and governance designs produce ethically problematic user risk. We adapt Ethical Risk Analysis to rollup architectures, build a role-based taxonomy of decision authority and exposure, and pair the framework with two empirical signals, a cross sectional snapshot of 129 projects from L2BEAT and a hand curated incident set covering 2022 to 2025. We analyze mechanisms that affect risks to users funds, including upgrade timing and exit windows, proposer liveness and whitelisting, forced inclusion usability, and data availability choices. We find that ethical hazards rooted in L2 components control arrangements are widespread: instant upgrades without exit windows appear in about 86 percent of projects, and proposer controls that can freeze withdrawals in about 50 percent. Reported incidents concentrate in sequencer liveness and inclusion, consistent with these dependencies. We translate these findings into ethically grounded suggestions on mitigation strategies including technical components and governance mechanisms.

Kang Wei, Xin Yuan, Fushuo Huo et al.

Diffusion models (DMs) have been investigated in various domains due to their ability to generate high-quality data, thereby attracting significant attention. However, similar to traditional deep learning systems, there also exist potential threats to DMs. To provide advanced and comprehensive insights into safety, ethics, and trust in DMs, this survey comprehensively elucidates its framework, threats, and countermeasures. Each threat and its countermeasures are systematically examined and categorized to facilitate thorough analysis. Furthermore, we introduce specific examples of how DMs are used, what dangers they might bring, and ways to protect against these dangers. Finally, we discuss key lessons learned, highlight open challenges related to DM security, and outline prospective research directions in this critical field. This work aims to accelerate progress not only in the technical capabilities of generative artificial intelligence but also in the maturity and wisdom of its application.

Mareike Lisker, Helena Mihaljević

This article addresses the disconnect between the individual policy documents of Mastodon instances--many of which explicitly prohibit data collection for research purposes--and the actual data handling practices observed in academic research involving Mastodon. We present a systematic analysis of 29 works that used Mastodon as a data source, revealing limited adherence to instance--level policies despite researchers' general awareness of their existence. Our findings underscore the need for broader discussion about ethical obligations in research on alternative, decentralized social media platforms.

Shannon Lodoen, Alexi Orchard

Since 2022, versions of generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT and Claude have been trained using a specialized technique called Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to fine-tune language model output using feedback from human annotators. As a result, the integration of RLHF has greatly enhanced the outputs of these large language models (LLMs) and made the interactions and responses appear more "human-like" than those of previous versions using only supervised learning. The increasing convergence of human and machine-written text has potentially severe ethical, sociotechnical, and pedagogical implications relating to transparency, trust, bias, and interpersonal relations. To highlight these implications, this paper presents a rhetorical analysis of some of the central procedures and processes currently being reshaped by RLHF-enhanced generative AI chatbots: upholding language conventions, information seeking practices, and expectations for social relationships. Rhetorical investigations of generative AI and LLMs have, to this point, focused largely on the persuasiveness of the content generated. Using Ian Bogost's concept of procedural rhetoric, this paper shifts the site of rhetorical investigation from content analysis to the underlying mechanisms of persuasion built into RLHF-enhanced LLMs. In doing so, this theoretical investigation opens a new direction for further inquiry in AI ethics that considers how procedures rerouted through AI-driven technologies might reinforce hegemonic language use, perpetuate biases, decontextualize learning, and encroach upon human relationships. It will therefore be of interest to educators, researchers, scholars, and the growing number of users of generative AI chatbots.

Tammy Zhong, Yang Song, Maurice Pagnucco

Ethical awareness is critical for robots operating in human environments, yet existing automated planning tools provide little support. Manually specifying ethical rules is labour-intensive and highly context-specific. We present Principles2Plan, an interactive research prototype demonstrating how a human and a Large Language Model (LLM) can collaborate to produce context-sensitive ethical rules and guide automated planning. A domain expert provides the planning domain, problem details, and relevant high-level principles such as beneficence and privacy. The system generates operationalisable ethical rules consistent with these principles, which the user can review, prioritise, and supply to a planner to produce ethically-informed plans. To our knowledge, no prior system supports users in generating principle-grounded rules for classical planning contexts. Principles2Plan showcases the potential of human-LLM collaboration for making ethical automated planning more practical and feasible.

Rashid Mushkani, Hugo Berard, Toumadher Ammar et al.

Despite efforts to mitigate the inherent risks and biases of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, these algorithms can disproportionately impact culturally marginalized groups. A range of approaches has been proposed to address or reduce these risks, including the development of ethical guidelines and principles for responsible AI, as well as technical solutions that promote algorithmic fairness. Drawing on design justice, expansive learning theory, and recent empirical work on participatory AI, we argue that mitigating these harms requires a fundamental re-architecture of the AI production pipeline. This re-design should center co-production, diversity, equity, inclusion (DEI), and multidisciplinary collaboration. We introduce an augmented AI lifecycle consisting of five interconnected phases: co-framing, co-design, co-implementation, co-deployment, and co-maintenance. The lifecycle is informed by four multidisciplinary workshops and grounded in themes of distributed authority and iterative knowledge exchange. Finally, we relate the proposed lifecycle to several leading ethical frameworks and outline key research questions that remain for scaling participatory governance.

Joschka Haltaufderheide, Florian Funer, Esther Braun et al.

Multimodal digital biomarkers (MDBs) integrate diverse physiological, behavioral, and contextual data to provide continuous representations of health. This paper argues that MDBs expand the concept of digital biomarkers along the dimensions of variability, complexity and abstraction, producing an ontological shift that datafies health and an epistemic shift that redefines health relevance. These transformations entail ethical implications for knowledge, responsibility, and governance in data-driven, preventive medicine.

Timothy Prescher

Traditional ethical frameworks often struggle to model decision-making under uncertainty, treating it as a simple constraint on action. This paper introduces the Principle of Proportional Duty (PPD), a novel framework that models how ethical responsibility scales with an agent's epistemic state. The framework reveals that moral duty is not lost to uncertainty but transforms: as uncertainty increases, Action Duty (the duty to act decisively) is proportionally converted into Repair Duty (the active duty to verify, inquire, and resolve uncertainty). This dynamic is expressed by the equation D_total = K[(1-HI) + HI * g(C_signal)], where Total Duty is a function of Knowledge (K), Humility/Uncertainty (HI), and Contextual Signal Strength (C_signal). Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that systems maintaining a baseline humility coefficient (lambda > 0) produce more stable duty allocations and reduce the risk of overconfident decision-making. By formalizing humility as a system parameter, the PPD offers a mathematically tractable approach to moral responsibility that could inform the development of auditable AI decision systems. This paper applies the framework across four domains, clinical ethics, recipient-rights law, economic governance, and artificial intelligence, to demonstrate its cross-disciplinary validity. The findings suggest that proportional duty serves as a stabilizing principle within complex systems, preventing both overreach and omission by dynamically balancing epistemic confidence against contextual risk.

Süreyya Ürgün, Sevim Güven

Values instilled in students during the primary school years have a lasting impact on their lives. Among the values that should be taught are religion and ethics, imparted first by families. However, they are taught through the Religious Culture and Ethics (RCE) course during the school years. In the formal educational institutions of our country, RCE education starts in the fourth-grade class of primary school. At schools without subject teachers, the RCE course, scheduled as two hours per week in primary schools, is delivered by class teachers. Based on this situation, the research sought to determine the class teachers' evaluations of the RCE course they teach in primary schools. The research was designed using a phenomenological approach. The research's study group consisted of 30 participants determined by criterion sampling among class teachers working at state schools in Ağrı province and instructing the RCE course in the 2022-2023 academic year. The data were obtained through the structured face-to-face interview, one of the qualitative data collection methods, and analyzed through content analysis. According to the research findings, the participants concurred that the teachers teaching the RCE course should possess pedagogical content and basic religious knowledge. Another finding was that it is essential to use applications and technology to make the RCE course more efficient. It was also found that fourth-grade students struggle to comprehend some abstract religious concepts as they are in the concrete operational period. Moreover, the textbook is insufficient and needs to be simplified in content and language. Consequently, it was discovered that the class teachers instructing this course encountered a number of challenges, yet they had recommendations for enhancing the teaching process.

Maryam Sayad Shirazi, Iman Zaghian

The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the level of religious commitment among female students, considering the influence of attachment styles, identity styles, and family functioning. The research employed the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population consisted of students from Al-Zahra University, with 387 participants selected using non-random available sampling, including 287 single and 31 married individuals.According to the findings of this research, there is a positive and significant relationship between informational, normative, and commitment identity styles with religious commitment, with correlation coefficients of r = 0.283, r = 0.552, and r = 0.396 respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The dimensions of family functioning also show a positive and significant relationship with religious commitment, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.453. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship was found between secure attachment style and religious commitment, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.410. Conversely, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles exhibit significant negative relationships with religious commitment, with correlation coefficients of r = -0.283, r = -0.254, and r = -0.252 respectively (p ≤ 0.05).Based on these findings, it can be concluded that identity styles and attachment styles have an impact on the level of religious commitment among female students, with family functioning mediating this relationship. ‌Keywords Identity, Attachment, Female Students, Religious Commitment, Family ‌‌IntroductionReligion is a profoundly significant phenomenon with profound effects on human life. Commitment and belonging to religion lead to positive changes in a person's life, including increased life satisfaction, happiness, and overall health.One component closely related to religious commitment is identity styles. Various classifications exist in this regard, with two prominent examples being those of Berzonsky and Marcia. Marcia categorizes identity into four types: achieved, foreclosed, confused, and diffused. Berzonsky, on the other hand, categorizes identity as informational, normative, and diffuse/avoidant.Attachment styles, another aspect investigated in this research concerning religious commitment, originate from attachment theory developed by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth in 1992. This theory categorizes attachment into two main styles: secure and insecure. Insecure attachment is further divided into three categories: avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized (Mamarian et al., 1991).Furthermore, religiosity is believed to enhance family functioning. According to Islamic teachings, an efficient family is one where members are committed to religious beliefs, Islamic laws, and ethics, fostering the nurturing and discovery of individuals' talents. This research aims to investigate the relationships between various attachment and identity styles and their impact on religious commitment, with family functioning serving as a potential mediator. MethodologyThe method used in this research is descriptive correlational structural equation modeling (path analysis). The target statistical population in this research includes students of Al-Zahra University (approximately 9,400 people). A sample of 318 individuals was selected using non-random sampling (availability sampling). The software used for analysis in this research included SPSS 26 and Amos 26. The tools used in this research included the religious commitment questionnaire by Jan-Borzuri, Berzonsky's identity style questionnaire, and Collins and Reed's adult attachment style questionnaire. FindingsBased on the results obtained, the relationship between informational identity style, normative identity style, and commitment identity style with religious commitment is positive, with values of r = 0.283, r = 0.552, and r = 0.396, respectively. These relationships are significant (p < 0.05). However, the relationship between avoidant identity style and religious commitment is not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05).Furthermore, the relationship between dimensions of family functioning and religious commitment, with a value of r = 0.453, is positive and meaningful. Additionally, the relationship between secure attachment style and religious commitment, with r = 0.410, is positive and significant. On the other hand, the relationships between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with religious commitment, with values of r = 0.283 and r = 0.254, respectively, are significant. The negative relationship with r = -0.252 is also significant (p ≥ 0.05). It should be noted that the correlation matrix between the variables is significant at the p < 0.01 level.Based on the results obtained, the direct effect of secure attachment style on family functioning (0.36), avoidant attachment style on family functioning (-0.15), and ambivalent attachment style on family functioning (-0.20) is statistically significant. Similarly, the direct effect of secure attachment style on religious commitment (0.27) and family functioning on religious commitment (0.35) is also significant.Regarding the direct effects of identity styles and commitment on family functioning, it was found that the direct effect of informational identity style and commitment on family functioning was not significant. However, the direct effects of normative identity style and avoidant identity style on family functioning are statistically significant, with coefficients of 0.31 and -0.24, respectively.Moreover, the direct effect of normative identity style on religious commitment (0.47) was found to be significant. Conversely, the direct effects of avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles and commitment on religious commitment were not significant. Non-significant paths were consequently removed from the equation to improve the model fit. In all significant paths, the absolute values of t exceed ±1.96, indicating the significance of these paths. Sobel's test was employed to ascertain the significance of the relationship between the pattern of religious commitment based on attachment style and the mediation of family functioning. ResultIn this research, these two questions were addressed, revealing that avoidant and normative identity styles exert a reverse effect, while others have a direct impact on an individual's religious adherence. Additionally, the secure attachment style plays a direct and indirect role, mediated by family functioning, whereas avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles exhibit a negative and significant relationship solely through mediation by family functioning.Thus, it should be emphasized that the family serves as the most crucial foundation for fostering self-awareness and psychological well-being in individuals. 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Strategies and obstacles for developing a faith attitude in the Holy Quran; Based on the cognitive dissonance model in social psychology. Quran and Science Studies, 1(2), 37-64. (In Persian)‌‌‌‌‌‌

Abhijit Das, Debesh Jha, Jasmer Sanjotra et al.

Foundational models (FMs) have tremendous potential to revolutionize medical imaging. However, their deployment in real-world clinical settings demands extensive ethical considerations. This paper aims to highlight the ethical concerns related to FMs and propose a framework to guide their responsible development and implementation within medicine. We meticulously examine ethical issues such as privacy of patient data, bias mitigation, algorithmic transparency, explainability and accountability. The proposed framework is designed to prioritize patient welfare, mitigate potential risks, and foster trust in AI-assisted healthcare.

Aakash Sorathiya, Gouri Ginde

With the increasing proliferation of mobile applications in our everyday experiences, the concerns surrounding ethics have surged significantly. Users generally communicate their feedback, report issues, and suggest new functionalities in application (app) reviews, frequently emphasizing safety, privacy, and accountability concerns. Incorporating these reviews is essential to developing successful products. However, app reviews related to ethical concerns generally use domain-specific language and are expressed using a more varied vocabulary. Thus making automated ethical concern-related app review extraction a challenging and time-consuming effort. This study proposes a novel Natural Language Processing (NLP) based approach that combines Natural Language Inference (NLI), which provides a deep comprehension of language nuances, and a decoder-only (LLaMA-like) Large Language Model (LLM) to extract ethical concern-related app reviews at scale. Utilizing 43,647 app reviews from the mental health domain, the proposed methodology 1) Evaluates four NLI models to extract potential privacy reviews and compares the results of domain-specific privacy hypotheses with generic privacy hypotheses; 2) Evaluates four LLMs for classifying app reviews to privacy concerns; and 3) Uses the best NLI and LLM models further to extract new privacy reviews from the dataset. Results show that the DeBERTa-v3-base-mnli-fever-anli NLI model with domain-specific hypotheses yields the best performance, and Llama3.1-8B-Instruct LLM performs best in the classification of app reviews. Then, using NLI+LLM, an additional 1,008 new privacy-related reviews were extracted that were not identified through the keyword-based approach in previous research, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Jessica Dai

What is agency, and why does it matter? In this work, we draw from the political science and philosophy literature and give two competing visions of what it means to be an (ethical) agent. The first view, which we term mechanistic, is commonly--and implicitly--assumed in AI research, yet it is a fundamentally limited means to understand the ethical characteristics of AI. Under the second view, which we term volitional, AI can no longer be considered an ethical agent. We discuss the implications of each of these views for two critical questions: first, what the ideal system ought to look like, and second, how accountability may be achieved. In light of this discussion, we ultimately argue that, in the context of ethically-significant behavior, AI should be viewed not as an agent but as the outcome of political processes.

Andreas Duenser, David M. Douglas

We present an overview of the literature on trust in AI and AI trustworthiness and argue for the need to distinguish these concepts more clearly and to gather more empirically evidence on what contributes to people s trusting behaviours. We discuss that trust in AI involves not only reliance on the system itself, but also trust in the developers of the AI system. AI ethics principles such as explainability and transparency are often assumed to promote user trust, but empirical evidence of how such features actually affect how users perceive the system s trustworthiness is not as abundance or not that clear. AI systems should be recognised as socio-technical systems, where the people involved in designing, developing, deploying, and using the system are as important as the system for determining whether it is trustworthy. Without recognising these nuances, trust in AI and trustworthy AI risk becoming nebulous terms for any desirable feature for AI systems.