Hasil untuk "Political theory"

J. Krosnick, D. Kinder

The disclosure that high officials within the Reagan administration had covertly diverted to the Nicaraguan Contras funds obtained from the secret sale of weapons to Iran provides us with a splendid opportunity to examine how the foundations of popular support shift when dramatic events occur. According to our theory of priming, the more attention media pay to a particular domain—the more the public is primed with it—the more citizens will incorporate what they know about that domain into their overall judgment of the president. Data from the 1986 National Election Study confirm that intervention in Central America loomed larger in the public's assessment of President Reagan's performance after the Iran-Contra disclosure than before. Priming was most pronounced for aspects of public opinion most directly implicated by the news coverage, more apparent in political notices' judgments than political experts', and stronger in the evaluations of Reagan's overall performance than in assessments of his character.

M. Wittig, Louise Turcotte

K. Dowding

Matthis Kepser

Der Artikel untersucht das Computerspiel Every day the same dream auf seine Potentiale für einen medienreflexiven Sprach- und Literaturunterricht. Das kostenloses Mini Art Game wurde 2009 von Paolo Pedercini entwickelt und handelt von einem Büroangestellten, dessen Leben sich in einer endlosen Routine aus Arbeit und Monotonie abspielt. Der Spieler oder die Spielerin versucht, aus dieser endlosen Schleife auszubrechen. Dabei kommt es zu irritierenden Unbestimmtheitserfahrungen, die zu einer Interpretation herausfordern. Every day the same dream erweist sich als ideales Beispiel für die Auseinandersetzung mit Computerspielen im Deutschunterricht. Es bietet die Möglichkeit, medien-spezifische Kompetenzen aufzubauen, paratextuelle Formate wie Let ́s Plays zu analysieren, kreative Anschlusskommunikation in Form der gamebasierten Miterzählung zu fördern und Reinszenierungen am Beispiel zweier Kurzfilme aus Österreich und Deutschland zu reflektieren. Schüler/-innen können für eine Interpretation gewinnbringend auf Brechts Theorie und Praxis des epischen Theaters zurückgreifen. Das Spiel regt zur kritischen Betrachtung von gesellschaftlichen Themen an, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Arbeit und Identität, und fordert dazu heraus, über Lösungen nachzudenken, die außerhalb des Spiels liegen und politische Fragen aufwerfen.   Abstract (english): This is our life, this is my life too. Linguistic-literacy learning with the digital game "Every day the same dream" The article observes the video game Every day the same dream for its potential for media-reflective language and literature lessons. The free mini-art game was developed by Paolo Pedercini in 2009 and is about an office worker whose life takes place in an endless routine of work and monotony. The player tries to break out of this endless loop. This leads to irritating experiences of indeterminacy that challenge interpretation. Every day the same dream proves to be an ideal example for dealing with computer games in German lessons. It offers the opportunity to build up media-specific skills, analyze paratextual formats such as Let’s Plays, promote creative follow-up communication in the form of game-based co-narration and reflect on adaptions using the example of two short films from Austria and Germany. Students can profitably draw on Brecht’s theory and practice of epic theatre for an interpretation. The game encourages critical reflection on social issues, particularly in connection with work and identity, and challenges the players to think about solutions that lie outside the play and to raise political questions.

P. Sabatier

P. Becher

Noam Lupu

Against the current consensus among comparative political economists, we argue that inequality matters for redistributive politics in advanced capitalist societies, but it is the structure of inequality, not the level of inequality, that matters. Our theory posits that middle-income voters will be inclined to ally with low-income voters and support redistributive policies when the distance between the middle and the poor is small relative to the distance between the middle and the rich. We test this proposition with data from 15 to 18 advanced democracies and find that both redistribution and nonelderly social spending increase as the dispersion of earnings in the upper half of the distribution increases relative to the dispersion of earnings in the lower half of the distribution. In addition, we present survey evidence on preferences for redistribution among middle-income voters that is consistent with our theory and regression results indicating that left parties are more likely to participate in government when the structure of inequality is characterized by skew.

Stephen R. Gill

Ton Nu My Nhat, Hoang Thi Thu Hien

Corruption is a very significant and formidable obstacle to the development of Vietnam, a single-party nation. It impacts almost all social, political, educational, economic and cultural aspects of the whole nation. However, while this issue has increasingly attracted the attention of both international and domestic circles, there is a desperate limitation in scholarly work addressing corruption in Vietnam. Recent studies have focused on education, economics, or laws, with very few analyzing the linguistic phenomenon in the construction of this discourse. To fill this gap, this article explores the semiotic performances through which anti-corruption discourses have been constructed in Vietnam. This article delves into the correlation between language and power, and how power is conditioned by the social, political, and cultural particularities. Drawing on a combination of Critical Discourse Analysis approaches and utilizing Systemic Functional Grammar and Appraisal Theory as analytical tools, this analysis examines two articles on anti-corruption written by senior politicians, due to the paucity of corruption-related publications within a five-year span from mainstream CPV-controlled media. The findings reveal that in this political system, the discourse on anti-corruption functions as a rhetoric of glory and determination. Politicians strategically used language to emphasize the achievements in combating corruption, aiming to gain support for anti-corruption initiatives and legitimize their political actions. This study can significantly contribute to advancing the understanding of the underlying power structures and ideologies in corruption discourse in Vietnam. It also offers implications for further research on the aspects overlooked or minimized in the high-ranking politicians’ discourse.

Gwen D’Arcangelis, Brinda Sarathy

In this paper, we document our efforts, as activist scholars, to cultivate among our liberal arts students a critical environmental justice consciousness through engaging with community organizations. We detail our efforts to make the classroom a space in which to engage environmental justice beyond a narrow and short-term focus on the disproportionate impact of environmental harms in low-income and minority communities to a more expansive and consistent attention to histories of inequality and processes of marginalization. We argue that community engaged partnerships afford opportunities for educators to combine theory with practice and disrupt students’ assumptions about what or who constitutes the environment. Our socially privileged students, in gaining a better understanding of structural/historic privilege and how their own positionality implicates them in environmental injustice, have been able to re-evaluate and reframe their political and theoretical commitments and carve out meaningful ways to contribute to environmental justice work.

Roman Rak, Vladimir Sulc, Dagmar Kopencova et al.

The paper deals with the theoretical concept of crisis. The crisis is an integral and, in essence, regularly recurring part of any human activity. We are facing a crisis in areas such as the economy, politics, the military, civilization, as well as in our private, human lives. The paper analyzes in detail the dimensions and characteristics of the crisis, deals with the various stages of the crisis, their recognition and solution. The paper was created as one of the outputs of the foundation of the theory of security sciences, where the basic general concepts of security character were defined, which are valid in various fields of human activities, including various scientific fields. The concept of crisis is part of threat analysis and subsequent risk management in various fields, including economics, management of state and non-state institutions, business and overall sustainability. The concept of crisis is currently closely linked to global globalization, which brings significant benefits as well as global risks. These risks, which are not well addressed or subsequently managed, can erupt very quickly in a variety of crises of considerable global scope. The paper lists typical symptoms that are important for early detection and crisis management. The paper presents the definitions and relationships between the crisis and the stability of any systems (economic, social, political, etc.). It also provides a classification of crises, its contexts and related panic.

André Bächtiger, S. Niemeyer, Michael Neblo et al.

M. Arthur, D. Hall, B. Lawrence

Mick Smith

Alexandra G. Anisimova, Anastasiya E. Fedotova, Inna N. Fomina

The article deals with the initial stage of training simultaneous interpreters and developing their professional skills. The authors single out and analyse a number of abilities and skills that learners are expected to develop in order to successfully obtain the qualification of simultaneous interpreters and offer a system of exercises and tasks that is intended to assist their acquisition. The article tackles the following issues typically arising at the early stages of student training: inability of unprepared students to concentrate and keep a lasting focus on the meaning and the structure of the source speech utterance, inability to control their short-term memory, the unfamiliar situation where the student is required to listen and speak at one and the same time, a lack of control over intonation and structure of his or her own speech during the interpreting process. In terms of language, particular attention is paid to the crucial role of collocations and fixed expressions in teaching simultaneous interpreting, as well as processing information that requires precision. The study is based on a textbook on political, economic, and legal translation which has been successfully used during several years at the Department of Theory and Practice of Translation at Lomonosov Moscow State University as a key training input. The methods of the current research include contextual and comparative analysis, information synthesis as well as experimental student training. The latter showed that learners’ performance substantially improved, both immediately after some of the preparatory exercises (particularly those aimed at short-term memory and anticipation skills development) and in the long run. The authors believe that exercises described here can form a sound basis for developing skills necessary for simultaneous interpreters.

M. Zaenul Muttaqin

This paper aims to analyze the involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) of forestry policy frame with focus on the Community Forestry program in West Nusa Tenggara. The method in this study is using literature studies. The Data sources uses secondary data such as documents, legislation, articles and books containing the participation of NGOs in forestry programs. In the implementation of the HKm’s program is to realize democratization that is very strategic. It is because NGOs as a representation the needs and aspirations of people in forest areas. In the realm of policy, Forestry NGOs in NTB region synergized with all stakeholders that involved in the Community Forest program, ranging from formulation to evaluation. The involvement of NGOs in the community of HKm area is manifested by the assistance and business development of the community in the management of Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK). Monitoring and evaluation efforts as a basis for government policy advocacy to fit the community context is a form of NGO participation in forestry policy. However, as an independent organization, NGOs rely on the availability of fund in handling the empowerment program.

Ketúcia Mirlene Duarte de Lima, Jefferson Eduardo da Silva, Sandra Maria Campos Alves

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a formação humana e profissional do homem do campo, no âmbito da relação teoria e prática, bem como no trabalho como princípio educativo. Para isto, utiliza-se de uma revisão da literatura específica, a partir do regaste do Projeto Pedagogia da Terra, da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, enquanto espaço de construção de memória e identidade sociocultural. Busca-se examinar criticamente uma agenda educacional que, historicamente, esteve a serviço do capital, na tentativa de superar a dualidade estrutural presente no nosso sistema de ensino, fator que resultou em uma educação intelectual para as elites e uma educação profissionalizante para as classes desfavorecidas, cristalizando, deste modo, as desigualdades sociais no Brasil.   PEDAGOGY OF THE LAND: AN OMNILATERAL CONCEPTION OF HUMAN AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the human and professional training of rural men, within the scope of the relationship between theory and practice, and of the work as an educational principle. For this, it uses a specific literature analysis, based on the project “Pedagogy of the land”, from the State University of Rio Grande do Norte, as a space for the construction of memory and socio-cultural identity as well. It seeks to examine critically an educational agenda, that historically was at the service of capital, to overcome the structural duality present in our educational system, which resulted in an intellectual education for the elites and a professional education for the underprivileged classes, crystallizing, thus, social inequalities in Brazil.   KEYWORDS: Pedagogy of the land Education of the field; Political-Pedagogical Project; Professional qualification. PEDAGOGÍA DE LA TIERRA: UNA CONCEPCIÓN OMNILATERAL DE LA FORMACIÓN HUMANA Y PROFESIONAL RESUMEN: Este artículo pretende analizar la formación humana y profesional del hombre rural, en el contexto de la relación entre teoría y práctica, así como en el trabajo como principio educativo. Para ello, se utiliza una revisión de la literatura específica, a partir del registro del Proyecto Pedagogía de la Tierra, de la Universidad del Estado de Rio Grande do Norte, como un espacio de construcción de la memoria y la identidad sociocultural. Busca examinar críticamente una agenda educativa que, históricamente, estuvo al servicio del capital, en un intento de superar la dualidad estructural presente en nuestro sistema educativo, factor que resultó en una educación intelectual para las élites y una educación profesionalizante para las clases desfavorecidas, cristalizando así las desigualdades sociales en Brasil.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Pedagogía de la Tierra; Educación de Campo; Proyecto Pedagógico Político; Formación Profesional.

J. Tirole

Reza Bakhtiar Ramadhan

Using the method of discourse analysis and the theory of Balance of Power as a media for analysis of this paper seeks to find out why and how the increase in Iranian military power threatens the hegemony of the United States in the Middle East. Significant increases in Iranian military power are thought to threaten US interests in the Middle East. Post-revolution of Iran under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979 has turned this country into a new political and military power. Since then, relations between Iran and the West, especially the United States, are becoming more tense. Iran's policy on nuclear weapons has triggered an arm of race in the Middle East. Even Iran is considered to threaten the stability of the region's security. Especially the security of the United States allies in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia emerged as one of Iran's main opponents in the Middle East region. One vote with a colleague of the United States, the Saudis have always denounced all Iranian political and military policies. Given the enormous importance of the United States in the Middle East, as well as its responsibilities to the security of its allies in the Middle East, various ways in which the United States has secured its hegemony. Like strengthening alliances with its Middle East allies by way of massive military supply of weapons.