En este artículo, desarrollo un análisis formal del concepto de aceptación lógica, extendiendo una propuesta de Lokhorst (1997). En el sistema formal que propongo, podemos representar la idea de que un agente acepta determinada oración o argumento como válidos. Para eso, utilizamos el aparato de la lógica epistémica. A modo de ejemplo, exploramos la posibilidad de aceptar o rechazar lógicas trivaluadas como LP o K3. Luego desarrollo una semántica para este sistema, utilizando ideas de la lógica modal no-normal. Hacia el final del artículo, muestro que en el sistema no sólo se puede representar la aceptación lógica y el rechazo, sino también las creencias sobre compromisos lógicos de otros agentes.
This article examines Paul Ricœur’s conception of the relationship between the affective dimension of experience and imagination’s reproductive force. Specifically, it focuses on Ricœur’s recovery of the affective aspects of human being’s incarnate existence and imagination modeled on representation of absent things based on our previous sensory experiences of the world, as dimensions playing a fundamental role in the generation of actions. Regarding Ricœur’s early phenomenological analysis of the embodied nature of affectivity and imagination, developed in his work entitled Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary (1950/1960), I will first discuss his understanding of the unity of feeling, imagining, and thinking. More precisely, affectivity, imagination, and thought are mediated through the body’s spontaneous experience as situated in time and space and as exercising a particular point of view about the world. Stemming from Ricœur’s rejection of the naturalistic explanation of volition, these reflections will lead us to consider affectivity and imagination as inseparable from the corporeal limiting factors shaping our decisions. Therefore, the second part of this article will consider the affective and the imaginative components of our experience in the affirming spontaneity of the body in decision-making as involving the necessity to satisfy needs, the apprehension of motives, and the evaluation of objects in the world. The analysis of Ricœur’s phenomenological account of affectivity and imagination will be enriched through the consideration of the resonances of his early ideas in his theory of imagination as presented in his recently published work Lectures on Imagination (1975/2024). Subjected to the rhythm of passivity and activity, closeness and openness, vulnerability and capability, affectivity and imagination configure the framework for our projects and actions, allowing us to foresee future possibilities.
Se trata de una reseña inédita que une dos lecturas distintas que tienen en común la conexión entre las dictaduras del conosur, en específico Argentina. El objetivo es identificar sus puntos en común y establecer diferencias que sean reveladoras y aclaradoras para los lectores.
Esteban Buch - Música, dictadura, resistencia. La Orquesta de París en Buenos Aires
Abel Gilbert - Satisfaction en la ESMA. Música y sonido durante la dictadura (1976-1983)
The formation of the globalization pattern of regional ethnic culture brings new opportunities for the sustainable development of cultural capital. In order to solve the problem of mismatch between the high development demand of regional ethnic costumes and their traditional design methods, this study proposes an innovative design method for regional ethnic traditional costumes, taking the Yunjian, a cloud-shaped sash-like shoulder garment as an example. Firstly, we deeply explored the historical and cultural connotation of the Yunjian through fieldwork and literature research. Then we sorted out and refined its elements, colors and structural features. We classified the patterns according to the composition forms and clarified the path of pattern creation based on fractal theory. We combined the representative elements of Yunjian with the fractal algorithm and proposed the design model of Yunjian fractal pattern. Finally we verified the feasibility of the proposed design method through design practice. The results show that the Yunjian garment created by the method of this paper can better reflect the characteristics of fashion art and ethnic culture.
When researchers carry out a null hypothesis significance test, it is tempting to assume that a statistically significant result lowers Prob(H0), the probability of the null hypothesis being true. Technically, such a statement is meaningless for various reasons: e.g., the null hypothesis does not have a probability associated with it. However, it is possible to relax certain assumptions to compute the posterior probability Prob(H0) under repeated sampling. We show in a step-by-step guide that the intuitively appealing belief, that Prob(H0) is low when significant results have been obtained under repeated sampling, is in general incorrect and depends greatly on: (a) the prior probability of the null being true; (b) type-I error rate, (c) type-II error rate, and (d) replication of a result. Through step-by-step simulations using open-source code in the R System of Statistical Computing, we show that uncertainty about the null hypothesis being true often remains high despite a significant result. To help the reader develop intuitions about this common misconception, we provide a Shiny app (https://danielschad.shinyapps.io/probnull/). We expect that this tutorial will help researchers better understand and judge results from null hypothesis significance tests.
Jews settled in three coastal towns of the medieval diocese of Koper (Capodistria) – Koper, Izola and Piran – at the end of the 14th century. They came there stimulated by the needs of cities that, after the collapse of Tuscan banks, did not have the financial sources to support the developing economy. In addition to some bankers who are fairly well known from archival sources, we also have to consider a layer of the poorer population of servants and merchants. These were relatively small communities composed of few families, which were tolerated in a distinctly Catholic environment, but in close contact with the majority population sometimes received a benevolent or even aggressive pressure to convert. For studied region, there is no systematic study about this topic yet. However, there are some archival or written sources related to it in one way or another. Although these are mostly short notes or remarks within other discussions, which certainly do not represent the whole background of these stories, they still give us some idea of the dynamics of that kind of relations between religious communities and at the same time the formal position of the Venetian and local authorities about conversions and freedom of faith between 15th and 18th century.
History and principles of religions, Practical Theology
Rafael E. Reigal, Luna Moral-Campillo, Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier
et al.
The main goal of this study was to analyze the relationships among physical fitness, selective attention and concentration in a group of 210 teenagers (43.81% male, 56.19% female) from the city of Málaga (Spain), aged between 11 and 15 years old (M = 13.27, SD = 1.80) that participated in the study. D2 attention test was used in order to analyze selective attention and concentration. Physical fitness was evaluated using the horizontal jump test, the Course Navette test and the 5 × 10 meters speed test. The analysis taken indicated a significant relationship among the physical fitness level, the attention and the concentration, as in the general sample as looking at gender. Linear regression tests performed showed that oxygen consumption is the best predictor of attentional parameters. Cluster analysis shows two groups characterized by a greater or lower physical fitness level. So, the highest physical fitness level group scores better in the attention (e.g., boys: p < 0.001, d’ Cohen = 1.01, 95% CI [0.57, 1.44]; girls: p < 0.01, d’ Cohen = 0.61, 95% CI [0.24, 0.98]) and the concentration tests (e.g., boys: p < 0.001, d’ Cohen = 0.89, 95% CI [0.46, 1.32]; girls: p < 0.01, d’ Cohen = 0.58, 95% CI [0.21, 0.95]). Results indicate that physical fitness analysis can be used as a tool for observing differences in the attention and concentration level of the analyzed adolescents, suggesting that a physical performance improvement could be an adequate procedure to develop some cognitive functions during adolescence.
Em muitos textos, Buffon mostra-se partidário da ideia da existência de um laço conjugal natural entre homem e mulher, retomando, assim, as concepções de Locke sobre o assunto. Por sua vez, Rousseau surge como um grande crítico desta ideia. Ele imagina um estado no qual homens e mulheres viveriam em determinadas condições que não os colocariam em relação uns com os outros e, por conseguinte, não os coagiriam a obrigações e deveres recíprocos, um estado de dispersão e de isolamento absolutos do homem. Buffon precisa, para fundar sua teoria, romper com Rousseau. Assim, elaborar e discutir o conteúdo desta ruptura tornam-se os objetos principais deste artigo.
The Declaration on the elimination of violence against women adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December, 1993 defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or islikely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrarydeprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life”. In fact, in order to cover all situations connected with acts of violence against women, some international legal documents use the term “domestic violence”, which implies that an act has occurred within the family or at home, between the former or the current spouses or partners. The psychology of men and women, along with their mentality differ in their nature inherent to the psychological and genetic aspects. These differences are applicable to the question of domestic violence, which men practically or expressively use as a way of letting out their emotions. In this regard, women are those who mainly suffer from forms of violence, which could be identified, becoming seriously injured by their partners. Above all, domestic violence by men presents an imminent threat to the life and health of a woman, since she often has to continue to live together with a man even after being divorced or while investigative activities are being conducted. Moreover, the consequences of this phenomenon have not only a physical component, but also a psychological one, diminishing the fundamental rights of a woman, as well as negatively affecting the formation of her personality. Additionally to internal factors, which influence on the occurrence of such situations within a family, there are external ones conducive to the spread and increase of the abovementioned phenomenon, turning a fight against it into an overall mission, which is actual for all countries. Nowadays the world community faces a range of global challenges, threats and risks, which could have negative impacts of various scales, resulting in deterioration of general human condition. Poverty, underdevelopment of the population and mostly the European migration crisis, which adversely affects women making them more vulnerable are among them. Migrant women, irrespective of the presence or absence of a legal status, as well as women asylum-seekers are at increased risk of violence and face the same difficulties while addressing it. Taking into account the urgency of the problem for all countries, the phenomenon of domestic violence prevalence remains a subject to in-depth international legal review. In this article there are statutory and actual materials; the factors influencing on the occurrence of such situations are being explored; the philosophical inquire is presented; the international legal tools as a way to address violence against women and domestic violence are presented.
Free will is an individual ability to have full control of his or her act and decision without any pressure from others. The problem of free will emerge from the debate between those who believe the very existence of free will and those who against it (determinism). Griffin's ideas consists of process theology and postmodern theology. Process Theology is based on the concept of process, enjoyment, essential relatedness, incarnation, creative self-determination, creative self-expression, novelty, and God-relatedness. Postmodern theology is a critique for two stages of modern view with its dualistic-supernaturalistic and materialistic-atheistic character, and propose a constructive postmodern vision, based on anti-individualistic spirituality, organicism, transformative traditionalism, naturalistic panentheism, and post-patriarchal. Griffin's conception of free will is divided into cosmology, theology, and axiology freedom. In cosmology freedom, human are creatures with high level of freedom since the dominant poles of the soul in human beings have enabled us to have a free selfdetermination. In theology freedom, the nature of God that not “all-powerful” and the existence of creativity power within human had made us seize a true freedom. In axiology freedom, human have freedom to form the ideal values based on sympathy and pluralism that renounce absolute truth claim, reject religion uniformity, and focus on deep dialogue.
<p>This study aims to assess policies and programs WASDALBIN, constraints in WASDALBIN implement the policy, the steps in implementing policies WASDALBIN PTAIS. The method used descriptive analytic. The unit of analysis of this study determined purposively, is in 3 areas Kopertais I Jakarta, Banten West Java II, and IV Surabaya, which is considered to represent the whole territory of Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, documentation and observation studies. The result of the research shows that communication is less effective WASDALBIN policy. The policy implementers assume that WASDALBIN policy is less clear, consistent and appropriate. The quality and the proportion of inadequate resources. Performance of policy implementing is less than optimal. The structure of the bureaucracy in the implementation WASDALBIN still convoluted, making it less efficient. This weakness is almost evenly in all regions studied WASDALBI, with slight variations. Conclusion This study shows that the policy WASDALBIN on Kopertais not be implemented optimally.<br /><br /></p>
The article presents an integrated empirical ethics research project that used the moral deliberation, according to the theoretical and philosophical conception, and methodical proposal of Diego Gracia, as a theoretical and methodological framework. The application showed the potential to realize the dynamics of the studied object in real life, making it possible, from the situation presented in the vignettes, for participants to include what they considered for dealing with the conflict of values. It also made the integration of philosophical and empirical approaches in bioethics research possible. The analytical category of prudence allowed the results to be assessed in a critical and comprehensive way.
Medical philosophy. Medical ethics, Business ethics