Hasil untuk "Medicine"

B. Wilkoff, C. Love, C. Byrd et al.

E. Von Elm, D. G. Altman, M. Egger et al.

W. Evans

M. Kinoshita, K. Yokote, H. Arai et al.

Toray Industries, Inc., Tokyo, Japan Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan Egusa Genshi Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan Chief Health Management Department, Mitsui Chemicals Inc., Tokyo, Japan Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology, Kita-Harima Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Tsukasa Health Care Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan 25 Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan Department of Medical Statistics, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan 31 Department of Community Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan

B. M. Carruthers, M. I. V. D. Sande, K. L. Meirleir et al.

Abstract.  Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, Klimas NG, Broderick G, Mitchell T, Staines D, Powles ACP, Speight N, Vallings R, Bateman L, Baumgarten‐Austrheim B, Bell DS, Carlo‐Stella N, Chia J, Darragh A, Jo D, Lewis D, Light AR, Marshall‐Gradisbik S, Mena I, Mikovits JA, Murovska M, Pall ML, Stevens S (Independent, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Independent, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Medicine, Vrije University of Brussels, Himmunitas Foundation, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medicine,University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Honorary Consultant for NHS at Peterborough/Cambridge, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK; Gold Coast Public Health Unit, Southport, Queensland; Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University and St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Independent, Durham, UK; Howick Health and Medical Centre, Howick, New Zealand; Fatigue Consultation Clinic, Salt Lake Regional Medical Center; Internal Medicine, Family Practice, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ME/CFS Center, Oslo University Hospital HF, Norway; Department of Paediatrics, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; Independent, Pavia, Italy; Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; EV Med Research, Lomita, CA, USA; University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Pain Clinic, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea; Donvale Specialist Medical Centre, Donvale, Victoria, Australia; Departments or Anesthesiology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medicina Nuclear, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Whittemore Peterson Institute, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA; Miwa Naika Clinic, Toyama, Japan; A. Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Biochemistry & Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University, Portland, OR; Department of Sports Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA USA). Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria (Review). J Intern Med 2011; 270: 327–338.

Bin Liu, Ihtisham Bukhari, Fazhan Li et al.

Lynette Mackenzie, Amanda M. Clifford, Eleanor Fallon et al.

Introduction Falls are a significant health concern and associated with cancer survivorship. Falls can result in negative psychosocial consequences for cancer survivors and economic sequelae for healthcare delivery. There are cancer-specific fall risk factors relevant to cancer survivors which can contribute to increased fall risk. However, fall prevention may not be addressed in standard care for cancer survivors. This review aims to synthesise the findings from published research to explore the intervention characteristics and the effectiveness of fall prevention interventions on the incidence of falls and risk factors for falls in cancer survivors.Methods and analysis This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search in CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and supplementary search Google Scholar will be conducted in November 2025. We will include randomised controlled and controlled trials that describe the characteristics of the programme and report falls or risk factors for falls as outcomes. Title, abstract and full-text screening will be performed independently by two reviewers. The Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX), Risk Of Bias instrument for Use in SysTematic reviews-for Randomised Controlled Trials (ROBUST-RCT) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tools will be used to assess the quality and certainty of evidence. We will provide a summary of the intervention characteristics and perform a meta-analysis or narrative synthesis of the findings as appropriate.Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review as we will include papers published in peer-reviewed journals and original data will not be collected. The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration number ID 1240723.

Chuan Wang, Qian Wang, Guangming Xu et al.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to stress elevates the risk of various psychological diseases, many of which are characterized by central nervous system dysfunction. Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly abundant in the mammalian brain. Although their precise expression and function remain unknown, they have been hypothesized to regulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression. In this investigation, we comprehensively analyzed whether restraint stress for 2 days altered the circRNA expression profile in the amygdala of male rats. The impact of restraint stress on behavior was evaluated using an elevated plus maze and open field test. Serum corticosterone levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 10,670 circRNAs were identified using RNA sequencing. Ten circRNAs were validated by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyzes supported the notion that genes associated with differentially expressed circRNAs are primarily implicated in neuronal activity and neurotransmitter transport. Moreover, the three differentially expressed circRNAs showed high specificity in the amygdala. Overall, these findings indicate that differentially expressed circRNAs are highly enriched in the amygdala and offer a potential direction for further research on restraint stress.

Izabela Hądzlik, Klaudia Wojtyła, Marta Barg

Behavioural addictions, also known as non-substance-related addictions, encompass a range of compulsive behaviours that closely mirror substance use disorders in their effects on the brain's reward system and the individual's daily life. These addictions include, but are not limited to, gambling disorder, internet gaming disorder, compulsive shopping, and the focus of this review - exercise addiction. Exercise addiction is characterized by an intense, uncontrollable urge to engage in physical activity, despite potential negative consequences. Unlike substance use disorders, exercise addiction often remains underrecognized, overshadowed by the widespread promotion of regular physical activity as a healthy lifestyle choice. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of exercise addiction, covering its psychological origin and characteristics, diagnostic criteria, co-occurrence with other psychiatric disorders, epidemiology among athletes and management strategies.

Jean-Christophe Deschemin, Céline Ransy, Frédéric Bouillaud et al.

Abstract The role of iron in the two major sites of adaptive thermogenesis, namely the beige inguinal (iWAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT) has not been fully understood yet. Body iron levels and distribution is controlled by the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin. Here, we explored iron homeostasis and thermogenic activity in brown and beige fat in wild-type and iron loaded Hepcidin KO mice. Hepcidin-deficient mice displayed iron overload in both iWAT and BAT, and preferential accumulation of ferritin in stromal cells compared to mature adipocytes. In contrast to BAT, the iWAT of Hepcidin KO animals featured with defective thermogenesis evidenced by an altered beige signature, including reduced UCP1 levels and decreased mitochondrial respiration. This thermogenic modification appeared cell autonomous and persisted after a 48 h-cold challenge, a potent trigger of thermogenesis, suggesting compromised de novo adipogenesis. Given that WAT browning occurs in both mice and humans, our results provide physiological results to interrogate the thermogenic capacity of patients with iron overload disorders.

D. Brahams

S. Burger

Why should wait for some days to get or receive the introduction to the study of experimental medicine book that you order? Why should you take it if you can get the faster one? You can find the same book that you order right here. This is it the book that you can receive directly after purchasing. This introduction to the study of experimental medicine is well known book in the world, of course many people will try to own it. Why don't you become the first? Still confused with the way?

M. Fowler

John F. Kenney join, L. Simmons, H. Wolff

In these times, when our social and political inadequacies in dealing with the advances wrought by nuclear fission are so apparent, it is encouraging to find that forward-looking men in medicine and the social sciences are working together to bridge that gap between their respective fields of interest. Although the authors point out that the practice of medicine at large or in the hospital in particular provides a laboratory in which the social scientist may test his theories, their major thesis is that medicine can no longer afford to overlook the information and aid available from the social sciences. The biophysical repercussions of famine and war are obvious, and in recent years the psychological factors contributing to gastrointestinal and skin disorders among others have been recognized. Yet the subtler influences of socio-cultural dynamics on biological health have either been overlooked or ignored. It can scarcely be contested that stress, be it physical or psychological, affects the biological functions of man, either in a transitory manner or, if prolonged enough, with permanent damage. The point is that the particular socio-cultural system is a stress inducing environmental factor. To be sure these factors vary according to the socio-cultural background and psychological characteristics of the individual, but they can be investigated, evaluated, and brought into consideration in the treatment of the patient. If these stress-inducing factors are not controlled or if they are inadvertently increased, the patient's disease is not adequately treated, much less the patient as a person. It is in this realm in particular-that of the links between stress and disease-that the authors open up avenues for investigation. Some of the beginning spadework has been done, but the possibilities are almost limitless. The audience for this volume is not limited to a few because of technical jargon; the text is within the scope of any intelligent and interested person. The extensive bibliography at the end attests to the authors' stated purpose that "the book is addressed primarily to students in medicine and the social sciences interested in training for research in these related areas." It is, furthermore, the reviewer's opinion that students in medicine, by reading this book, may well profit in the practice of their chosen profession simply through the awareness they will gain.

Danelle Agnew, Kirstie Fryirs

By connecting corridors of river recovery, resilience can be built into river systems to mitigate against future floods and droughts driven by anthropogenic disturbance or climate extremes. However, identifying where these corridors can be built is still lacking in river management practice. The Open Access NSW River Styles database contains comprehensive information on geomorphic river condition and recovery potential. The database can be used to systematically analyse where corridors of river recovery could be created via conservation or rehabilitation. Analysis was undertaken in ArcGIS using the recovery potential layer along 84,342 km of freshwater stream length, across 20 catchments of coastal NSW. We identified 4,905 km of reach connections, defined as an upstream to downstream section of river that is connected end-to-end, and 17,429 km of loci connections defined as more isolated sections of river from which recovery can be seeded and extended into adjacent reaches. There was significant spatial variability in the types and lengths of connections made across the catchments. Some catchments have significant potential to build corridors of recovery along large sections of river, whereas other catchments are more fragmented. These results provide practitioners with a user-friendly distillation of where river conservation and rehabilitation activities could be focussed when working with river recovery in practice. Combined with local on-ground knowledge, this information forms an important input to evidence-based prioritisation and decision making in river management.

Álvaro Coronado-Muñoz, Raffo Escalante-Kanashiro

Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a frequent diagnosis in critical care. This inflammatory process has different stages characterized by mild-to-severe hypoxia, and the management will vary according to the severity. New definitions for pediatric patients were published in 2015; new epidemiological evidence revising those definitions has helped understand the mortality associated with PARDS and the impact on ventilation. The strategies to protect the lungs during mechanical ventilation have been successful in reducing mortality and complications. In clinical situations where high levels of critical support are limited, other therapies with a lower level of evidence can be attempted to gain time without worsening the ongoing pulmonary injury. We offer a complete narrative revision of this syndrome, with the critical management of these patients as a priority.

Masato Eto, Mikio Hayashi, Daisuke Son et al.

Objectives Globalisation has increased the opportunities for health professionals working in developed countries to provide clinical and educational support in developing countries. However, how these experiences contribute to the leadership competency of health professionals is unclear; therefore, this study explored this with the objective of analysing the process of developing individual leadership competency.Design This is a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative descriptive study is widely used in healthcare research, particularly to describe the nature of various healthcare phenomena. Qualitative descriptive data were collected in face-to-face, semistructured interviews.Setting The authors interviewed Japanese health professionals who participated in an international medical cooperation project as part of a multinational medical team between July 2017 and March 2018, and analysed and interpreted the data using a social constructivism paradigm.Participants The authors interviewed 20 research participants, including 5 nurses, 5 dentists and 10 physicians with an average of 15.3 years of clinical experience.Results The interviews identified 58 emergent themes related to their leadership competency, 23 of which affected the actual medical care in their own institutions. The authors categorised the 58 emergent themes into seven competency areas: leadership concepts, teambuilding, direction setting, communication, business skills, working with others and self-development. The authors identified the relationships among each competency and identified differences between professions: nurses particularly reflected on their empathic attitudes towards patient after global clinical health experience; dentists tended to reflect on their business skills; physicians tended to reflect on their leadership concepts and teambuilding.Conclusions This study clarified the leadership competency gained through short-term global clinical health experience and the process of individual leadership competency development. The findings provide expected learning competency for those considering medical practice in developing or other countries in the future.

Lindsay Ip, Abigail Smith, Iliatha Papachristou et al.

Introduction: 30% of people with long-term conditions also have a mental health condition. 3Dimensions for Long-term Conditions (3DLC) integrates psychosocial care into heart failure, COPD and resistant hypertension treatment. It is a joint effort between a mental health trust, two major acute trusts, and a university to bridge the divide between mental, physical and social care for the chronically ill— a divide costing the NHS 8-13 billion a year.  3DLC’s team includes a psychiatrist, psychologist and social support worker. Practice change implemented: Routine psychosocial screening and stepped-care referral pathway implemented, resulting in ~2000 patients electronically screened for anxiety and depression. 30% positive and referred on as appropriate. Frequent multi-disciplinary training offered to about 600 staff across primary and secondary care. Direct clinical and joined-up care were also provided to >600 complex patients who have significant mental health issues affecting the management of their LTCs. Aim and theory of change: 3DLC  aims to improve patients’ physical and mental health outcomes, quality of life, and reduce unscheduled service use. We use principles of human-centred design to develop systems and infrastructure, education and training, and offer holistic clinical care so that patients are treated with a bio-psycho-social approach at all stages of their care. Targeted population and stakeholders: We serve patients with heart failure, COPD or treatment resistant hypertension living in Southeast London. Stakeholders include trust executives, commissioners, clinical leads, community partners (charities, community psychology and social support services), academics, and patients. Timeline: >200 patient baseline data have been collected and 6-month follow-up health and economics data will be collected and analysed by Dec 2018. Highlights: >95% staff across 20 clinics routinely assess patients’ psychosocial needs. Mental health is also embedded in regular continuing professional development for both GPs and specialists.  Anxiety and depression are most common reasons for referral. 85% of appropriate patients referred engaged with 3DLC and those completed treatment demonstrated improved self-management, mood and quality of life. Sustainability: Executive support, routine screening, multidisciplinary team working, education and training, and outcomes data collection to show value all contribute to sustainability. Transferability: 3DLC successfully scaled up a collaborative care model from diabetes to multiple LTCs (cardiology, hypertension, respiratory) and can spread further to other specialties.We shared our learnings and model at professional conferences in cardiology, gerontology, psychiatry, and the King’s Fund. Conclusions: 3DLC developed good working relationships with medical teams, significantly raised awareness of mental health issues and changed the delivery of care to being more patient-cantered. Both staff and patients have benefited from this integrated model although the rate of adoption varies. Some have become champions for integrated care. Discussions: Generalisable effective components of integrated care includes joint working, co-location, routine screening, and shared learning plugged into existing routines. Adaptations were needed based on nature of disease and each team’s readiness for change, subculture, and existing knowledge and attitudes about mental health and social needs. Lessons learned: Relationship building and being flexible to meet our stakeholders’ needs is key to smooth adoption and creation of high value patient-centred care.

S. Hahnemann

Yi-Chen Chen, Wei-Che Chang, Shau-Ping Lin et al.

Scalable production of avian cell lines exhibits a valuable potential on therapeutic application by producing recombinant proteins and as the substrate for virus growth due to the special glycosylation occurs in avian species. Chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs), a germinal pluripotent avian cell type, present the ability of self-renewal, an anchorage-independent cell growth and the ability to be genetically modified. This cell type could be an interesting bioreactor system for industrial purposes. This study sought to establish an expandable culture system with defined components for three-dimensional (3D) culture of cPGCs. cPGCs were cultured in medium supplemented with the functional polymer FP003. Viscoelasticity was low in this medium but cPGCs did not sediment in culture and efficiencies of space and nutrient utilization were thus enhanced and consequently their expansion was improved. The total number of cPGCs increased by 17-fold after 1 week of culture in 3D-FAot medium, an aseric defined medium containing FP003 polymer, FGF2 and Activin A as growth factors and Ovotransferrin as protein. Moreover, cPGC cell lines stably expressed the germline-specific reporter VASA:tdTOMATO, as well as other markers of cPGCs, for more than 1 month upon culture in 3D-FAot medium, indicating that the characteristics of these cells are maintained. In summary, this novel 3D culture system can be used to efficiently expand cPGCs in suspension without mechanical stirring, which is available for long-term culture and no loss of cellular properties was found. This system provides a platform for large-scale culture of cPGCs.