This study examines the series of events between 1704 and 1706, focusing on the peace negotiations of Rákóczi’s War of Independence (1703–11) took place in Hungary. This period can be observed as the climax of interest in the English political discourse given the pivotal role played by the English and Dutch mediators during the negotiations. I intend to narrow down the scope of the examination to the media appearances of those who shaped the course of the negotiations: the imperial diplomats and the English and Dutch envoys in two contemporary, essentially divergent, London newspapers, the London Gazette and the Daily Courant. I argue that the body of knowledge of the English public’s political discourse regarding the political landscape of the Kingdom of Hungary was complex and multifaceted and was incorporated into the London periodicals in diverse ways, emphasizing the diplomatic aspect in the pursuit of consensus. In accordance with the changing characteristics of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century diplomacy, negotiators, mediators, and delegates were monitored thoroughly in the public sphere, and therefore in the periodical press. Providing clear evidence of this, the newspapers I analyse here present the diplomatic events of the war of independence in a detailed and nuanced manner, while revealing significant differences in their news coverage.
Бүгінде адамзат цифрландырудың жылдам әрі қарқынды даму сатысында. Соңғы онжылдықта жасанды интеллект қоғамды түрлі салаға ықпал етіп отыр.
Зерттеу жұмысының мақсаты – жасанды интеллекттің бүгінгі білім беру жүйесіндегі кеңінен қолданысын талдау, салыстыру арқылы ChatGPT бағдарламасының маңызын, мән-мазмұнын, қызметін анықтау. Жасанды интеллектіні қолдануда оқытушылар арасындағы білім, педагогикалық тәжірибе және әдістемемен алмасуға мүмкіндік беретін мәселені айқындау. Зерттеу әдісі ретінде жасанды интеллекттің жаңа медиа жүйесінің ажырамас бөлігіне айналғандығын, білім беру саласына, оқу тәжірибесіне жасанды интеллектіні енгізудің тиімді стратегиясын айқындау, баға беру, ғылыми пайым жасау.
Зерттеу жұмысының ғылыми және практикалық мәні ретінде жасанды интеллекттің технологиялық көптеген салаларына баға беру негізгі нысаны ретінде алынды. Мақаланың қорытындысында жасанды интеллекттінің күнделікті тәжірибемізді өзгертуге және өмір сапасын жақсартуға қабілетті технологиялық революция екендігіне көз жеткізу, ғылыми пайым жасау.
Мақаланың зерттеу методологиясы жасанды интеллект, алгоритмдер мен роботтар, басқа технологиялар медиаға тәуекелдермен бірге қауіп-қатерлер төндіріп отырғандығымен, Minecraft, Facebook, Google и Microsoft секілді компаниялар қазіргі таңда жасанды интеллектіні дамытуға өз үлесін қосып отырғандығымен айқындалады.
Зерттеу мақаланың қорытындысы ретінде ChatGPT чатбот бағдарламасын жасанды интеллект технологиясымен басқарылатын табиғи тілді өңдеу құралы ретінде ғылыми бағыты көрсетілді. Бұл бағдарламаның қуатты функциялары академияның да, өнеркәсіптің де назарын аударды және жалпы қоғамға үлкен әсері қарастырылды.
Аталмыш мақалада ChatGPT бағдарламасының негізгі қызметі, ақпараттық кезеңдегі рөлін, тілді табиғи өңдеу құралының экономикалық және әлеуметтік әсері ретінде талқылануымен құнды. Жасанды интеллект индустриясындағы технологиялық, chatgpt-дің ықтимал экономикалық және әлеуметтік қауіптері, болашақ даму тенденциялары сөз болды. Бұл бағдарламаның белгілі бір дәрежеде адам жұмысының бір бөлігін алмастыра алатыны сөзсіз үрдіс екендігі, білім берудегі жасанды интеллекттің жаңа құрылымын деректер арқылы салыстыра отырып, ғылыми тұжырым жасалуы мақаланың негізгі ғылыми бағытын көрсетеді.
Ғылыми жұмыстың практикалық мәні жасанды интеллект контексінде журналистикада «Робот журналистика», «Алгоритмді журналистика» немесе «Автоматтандырылған журналистика» секілді жаңа медиа-концепциялар арқылы жүзеге асырылады. ChatGPT, Алиса сияқты т.б. жасанды интеллект бағдарламаларының ғылыми айналымға енгеннен кейін көптеген зерттеу мен пікірталас тудырдырған тұжырымдар сарапқа салынды.
Joan Pedro Carañana, Israel V. Márquez, Toby Miller
En las últimas décadas, se ha desarrollado un rico corpus de investigaciones críticas sobre periodismo deportivo que, sin embargo, no ha llevado aún a la formulación explícita de una teoría crítica de esta especialización informativa. En este artículo queremos contribuir a llenar este vacío presentando algunos fundamentos para el desarrollo de dicha teoría. A partir de un marco teórico y una metodología de crítica dialéctica, discutimos y articulamos las dimensiones explicativa, normativa y práctica de la teoría crítica del periodismo deportivo. Para ello, partimos de un punto de entrada clásico de la teoría crítica como es el concepto de mercantilización. En este caso, nos centramos en la mercantilización de la profesión, la información y los públicos del periodismo deportivo, lo que permite abordar la producción, los contenidos, la distribución y el consumo periodísticos. La teoría crítica explica que hay una sinergia hegemónica entre la dificultad de la profesión para mantener su autoridad cultural, la producción de información comercial y acrítica, y el tratamiento de los públicos como consumidores. Al mismo tiempo, muestra la importancia de un enfoque normativo que favorezca la desmercantilización de las diferentes dimensiones del periodismo deportivo. Por último, la teoría crítica busca retroalimentarse con prácticas colectivas justas, por lo que recogemos experiencias de periodismo deportivo independiente que tratan de alejarse de la lógica mercantil. Concluimos que este marco teórico está orientado a la expansión de la libertad creativa del periodismo deportivo en condiciones de igualdad y diversidad, pero señalamos que hay una necesidad teórico-práctica de diseño de políticas públicas que permitan reformas estructurales de democratización y humanización de los sistemas de medios.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Aamulehden eläköitynyt toimittaja Matti Kuusela paljasti keväällä 2024 muistelmateoksessaan sepittäneensä osia juttuihinsa. Aamulehti poisti kaikki Kuuselan jutut verkosta ja tilasi ulkopuolisen asiantuntijan selvittämään, kuinka laajasta ongelmasta on ollut kyse. Selvityksessä kävi ilmi, että journalismin standardit ovat muuttuneet Kuuselan nelikymmenvuotisen uran aikana, mutta Kuusela ei ole muuttanut toimintaansa. Valtaosa Kuuselan jutuista poikkeaa perusjournalismista, ja yksittäin verkossa julkaistuina ne tarvitsisivat lukuohjeen.
Social sciences (General), Communication. Mass media
Las radios enfrentan desafíos significativos ante la transformación digital. Este estudio tiene como propósito, a partir del estado actual de la industria de la radio, analizar las oportunidades y los desafíos que la digitalización presenta para las radios tradicionales y la radio pública del Ecuador. Utiliza una metodología cualitativa, donde explora diversos indicadores y tendencias en el ecosistema radiofónico contemporáneo. Los resultados evidencian que, a pesar de que el financiamiento y la prominencia de la radio pública han disminuido con el tiempo, la transformación digital abre puertas para conectar con audiencias más jóvenes y para diversificar el contenido ofrecido. Además, se destaca la potencialidad de nuevos formatos y plataformas digitales. Las conclusiones resaltan la imperativa necesidad de que las emisoras radiofónicas se reconfiguren y adapten a este panorama en constante cambio, si quieren asegurar su relevancia y sustentabilidad en el futuro cercano.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Time series analysis finds wide applications in fields such as weather forecasting, anomaly detection, and behavior recognition. Previous methods attempted to model temporal variations directly using 1D time series. However, this has been quite challenging due to the discrete nature of data points in time series and the complexity of periodic variation. In terms of periodicity, taking weather and traffic data as an example, there are multi-periodic variations such as yearly, monthly, weekly, and daily, etc. In order to break through the limitations of the previous methods, we decouple the implied complex periodic variations into inclusion and overlap relationships among different level periodic components based on the observation of the multi-periodicity therein and its inclusion relationships. This explicitly represents the naturally occurring pyramid-like properties in time series, where the top level is the original time series and lower levels consist of periodic components with gradually shorter periods, which we call the periodic pyramid. To further extract complex temporal variations, we introduce self-attention mechanism into the periodic pyramid, capturing complex periodic relationships by computing attention between periodic components based on their inclusion, overlap, and adjacency relationships. Our proposed Peri-midFormer demonstrates outstanding performance in five mainstream time series analysis tasks, including short- and long-term forecasting, imputation, classification, and anomaly detection.
Bright sources of hard x- and gamma-ray electromagnetic radiation are of high demand in physics and technology. Such sources, e.g., x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), undulator- or Compton-based sources of polarized positrons, etc., require intense ultrarelativivstic electron beams with small energy spread. Also each electron should emit many photons of almost identical spectra per pass through the periodic field of undulator or laser pulse. We develop a kinematic model based on the energy-momentum conservation law and the corpuscular presentation of the periodic-field photons. The model incorporates the mass shift effect in periodic fields. We made an assumption of equality of the average number of photons, which induce the mass shift, to the Poisson parameter of the coherent field. The model allows to evaluate the evolution of the spectrum of electron bunch passing through the periodic fields of undulators or laser pulses. We propose a method of undulator fine tuning aimed at maximization of the spectral brightness.
Tras ser fundadas de forma mayoritaria entre 2017 y 2019, las plataformas de verificación en España han conseguido presencia y estabilidad públicas suficientes como para comprender el papel que realizan en la lucha contra la desinformación. Con el objetivo de investigar cuál es el seguimiento que estas organizaciones realizan de las normas internacionales, este artículo investiga la asunción de los principios de la International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) por parte de las plataformas españolas vinculadas: Maldita.es, Newtral, Verificat y EFE Verifica. Para llevarlo a cabo, se elabora una ficha de codificación con el objetivo de testar la asimilación de los principios de imparcialidad, transparencia de las fuentes, financiación, metodología y política de corrección de errores. En general, se da un alto cumplimiento de los principios de la IFCN, en especial en la aplicación de una metodología estándar internacional en los procesos de verificación, que ha sido asumida en las cuatro plataformas estudiadas. Sin embargo, algunos índices presentan un menor cumplimiento, como aquellos que tienen que ver con la transparencia económica y empresarial de las plataformas, mejorable tanto al detallar en los balances anuales las listas de principales donantes como en informar en detalle acerca de los tratos comerciales con terceros, ya sean otras empresas informativas o entidades con las que se firman convenios comerciales, como ocurre por ejemplo con Google o Facebook. Con todo, las plataformas de fact-checking españolas han encontrado en la colaboración supranacional una forma de legitimidad y seguridad institucional, pero su consolidación presenta algunas fisuras deontológicas y metodológicas que podrían comprometer su legitimidad en un futuro.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Oyunlar ve ideoloji başlangıçta birbirinden tamamen farklı şeyler gibi görünse de yapısal benzerlikleri nedeniyle aralarındaki ilişki toplumsal açıdan tartışmalı hale gelmektedir. Bu tartışma hem oyunların hem de ideolojilerin bilgi sistemleri olarak işlev görmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, oyunlar, ideoloji ve iletişim sistemleri arasındaki ilişkiyi toplumsal açıdan tartışmaya açmak, iletişim eylemini taklit eden enformasyon teknolojilerinin ideolojik amacını oyun teorisi çerçevesinde incelemektir. Araştırmada oyun teorisinin gelişimi, sosyal bilimlerle etkileşimi, oyunlar ve iletişim sistemleri arasındaki ilişki tarihsel materyalizm yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, 1) iletişim sistemleri ve oyun teorisi arasındaki yakınsama, egemen ideolojinin amaçlarına hizmet etmek üzere bilinçli bir şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Amacı toplumsal endişe ve korkuları tek bir sistem üzerinden kontrol ederek yönetmektir. 2) Toplumların ihtiyaçlarının süreklilik içerisinde izlenmesine olanak sağlayan iletişim sistemleri evrim teorisi, özel görelilik teorisi ve iletişimsel eylem kuramının birleşimiyle oluşturulmuştur. 3) Bu yöndeşmenin oluşturduğu mekanizma disiplinlerarası yöndeşmenin, sayısallaştırılmış bilgi üreten enformasyon teknolojilerinin ve tüm bu süreçlerin kullanıcıya görünmezliğinin sürdürülebilirliğini üretmektedir. 4) Somut (iletişim sistemleri) ve soyut (insani iletişim eylemi) bilgi sistemlerinin oyun teorisiyle birleştirilmesi, yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin oluşumunu ve toplumsal yönetimin bilgisini sağlamıştır. 5) Sonuç olarak, bu iki birleşen sistem aracılığıyla, kullanıcıların bu teknolojilerin sunduğu eylemsel imkanların amaç ve hedeflerini görmelerini engellemektedir. Böylece, sistemin sürekli olarak yeniden üretilmesi bireylerin bilinçsizce çalışmalarını teşvik etmektedir.
Grant W. Bidney, Amstrong R. Jean, Joshua M. Duran
et al.
This research was devoted to modeling of the optical properties of Si micropyramids aimed at designing optimal structures for applications as light concentrators in mid-wave infrared (MWIR) focal place arrays (FPAs). It is shown that completely different optical properties of such structures can be realized using two types of boundary conditions (BCs): i) periodical and ii) perfectly matched layer. The first type (periodical BC) allowed us to describe the Talbot effect under plane wave coherent illumination conditions. This effect was experimentally demonstrated in the proposed structures. The second type (perfectly matched layer BC) allows describing the optical properties of individual micropyramids concentrating or focusing light on the photodetector. The optimal geometries of micropyramids required for maximizing the intensity of photonic nanojets emerging from their truncated tips are determined.
I. G. Marchenko, V. Aksenova, I. I. Marchenko
et al.
We analyse the impact of temperature on the diffusion coefficient of an inertial Brownian particle moving in a symmetric periodic potential and driven by a symmetric time-periodic force. Recent studies have revealed the low friction regime in which the diffusion coefficient shows giant damped quasi-periodic oscillations as a function of the amplitude of the time-periodic force [I. G. Marchenko et al., Chaos 32, 113106 (2022)]. We find out that when temperature grows the diffusion coefficient increases at its minima, however, it decreases at the maxima within a finite temperature window. This curious behavior is explained in terms of the deterministic dynamics perturbed by thermal fluctuations and mean residence time of the particle in the locked and running trajectories. We demonstrate that temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient can be accurately reconstructed from the stationary probability to occupy the running trajectories.
The Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank has been the de-facto standard for evaluating POS taggers for a long time, and accuracies over 97\% have been reported. However, less is known about out-of-domain tagger performance, especially with fine-grained label sets. Using data from Elder Scrolls Fandom, a wiki about the \textit{Elder Scrolls} video game universe, we create a modest dataset for qualitatively evaluating the cross-domain performance of two POS taggers: the Stanford tagger (Toutanova et al. 2003) and Bilty (Plank et al. 2016), both trained on WSJ. Our analyses show that performance on tokens seen during training is almost as good as in-domain performance, but accuracy on unknown tokens decreases from 90.37% to 78.37% (Stanford) and 87.84\% to 80.41\% (Bilty) across domains. Both taggers struggle with proper nouns and inconsistent capitalization.
This paper scrutinizes the phenomenon of issue fatigue and its consequences. Issue fatigue results from overexposure to a news topic that has been on the media’s agenda for an extended period of time. Fatigued recipients become annoyed, and no longer wish to be exposed to the topic. Based on the findings of an explorative qualitative study, a quantitative online survey was conducted in Germany, Mexico, and Pakistan (N = 481). Using cluster analysis, we identified an emotional and a cognitive type of issue fatigue, and investigated how these types react. Both types of fatigued recipients avoided further news about the respective issue in traditional news media (= information avoidance). Differences were observed concerning the strategies to handle fatigue (= coping strategies): recipients of the emotional type posted about their fatigue in social media; recipients of the cognitive type turned to information in sources other than the mainstream news. Taking into account country-specific differences, we concluded that, generally, issue fatigue—via information avoidance—results in an uninformed citizenry. This can be a hurdle for the functioning of an established democracy or for the success of democratic transitions. Posting about issue fatigue, which was more frequent in Mexico and Pakistan, might ‘infect’ others, and intensify problems resulting from issue fatigue. Turning to alternative sources can be either beneficial or problematic for the development of a well-informed citizenry, depending on whether alternative sources provide reliable and truthful information.
Journalism. The periodical press, etc., Communication. Mass media
For about half a century the radio pulsar population was observed to spin in the ~0.002-12s range, with different pulsar classes having a spin-period evolution that differs substantially depending on their magnetic fields or past accretion history. The recent detection of several slowly rotating pulsars has re-opened the long-standing question of the exact physics, and observational biases, driving the upper bound of the period range of the pulsar population. In this work, we perform a parameter study of the spin-period evolution of pulsars interacting with supernova fallback matter and specifically look at the fallback accretion disk scenario. Depending on the initial conditions at formation, this evolution can differ substantially from the typical dipolar spin-down, resulting in pulsars that show spin periods longer than their coeval peers. By using general assumptions for the pulsar spin period and magnetic field at birth, initial fallback accretion rates and including magnetic field decay, we find that very long spin periods (>100s) can be reached in the presence of strong, magnetar-like magnetic fields (>10^{14}G) and moderate initial fallback accretion rates (~10^{22-27} g s^{-1}). In addition, we study the cases of two recently discovered periodic radio sources, the pulsar PSR J0901-4046 (P = 75.9 s) and the radio transient GLEAM-X\,J162759.5-523504.3 (P = 1091 s), in light of our model. We conclude that the supernova fallback scenario could represent a viable channel to produce a population of long-period isolated pulsars that only recent observation campaigns are starting to unveil.
We investigate the dynamical behavior of pull-back trajectories for nonautonomous stochastic feedback systems with multiplicative noise. We proved that there exists a random periodic solution of this system and all pull-back trajectories converge to this random periodic solution as time goes to infinitely almost surely. Our results can be applied to nonautonomous stochastic Goodwin negative feedback system, nonautonomous stochastic Othmer-Tyson positive feedback system and nonautonomous stochastic competitive systems etc.
Objetiva-se neste artigo discutir o papel central da fotografia digital como mídia provocadora de reflexões, discussões, debates, e, possivelmente, de empatia. Pretende-se analisar a função social da investigação fotográfica durante a pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil pela plataforma do Instagram. Para a seleção das imagens, escolhemos seis fotografias feitas no Brasil, cujos personagens são mulheres periféricas. As imagens foram publicadas no perfil @covidphotobrazil, que cataloga e compartilha imagens sobre a pandemia, feitas por diferentes autores e em diferentes regiões. A análise foi feita à luz de discussões sobre as dimensões da iconologia e da iconografia de Panofsky (2012) e adaptadas à fotografia por Kossoy (1999). Como resultados verificamos que as fotografias são convites à reflexão sobre a realidade da pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil, mas limitadas como fontes históricas se analisadas apenas a partir de sua iconografia. Assim, considera-se de extrema importância o papel da ciência social que investiga os dados e as informações que contextualizam as imagens em um lugar na história contemporânea.
Sociology (General), Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
El artículo, de carácter exploratorio, busca delinear los desafíos al periodismo radiofónico, sobre todo local, ante la emergencia de los altavoces inteligentes, altavoces accionados por voz presentes en los hogares del 18% de los norteamericanos, según la encuesta The Infinite Dial, divulgada en marzo de 2018 por Edison Research y Triton. El 29% de los propietarios del dispositivo –alrededor de 15 millones de personas– utilizan funcionalidades como Flash/News Briefing, en que resúmenes de noticias se presentan al oyente a través de los asistentes de voz. Se discute en qué medida esta nueva forma de intermediación de contenidos de carácter radiofónico acarrea riesgos a la diversidad de voces en el ecosistema mediático, debido a la necesidad de acuerdos entre emisoras de radio y fabricantes de altavoces inteligentes –gigantes como Amazon y Google– para asegurar la oferta actualizada de estas nuevas formas de síntesis informativa.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
A distributed algorithm for least mean square (LMS) can be used in distributed signal estimation and in distributed training for multivariate regression models. The convergence speed of an algorithm is a critical factor because a faster algorithm requires less communications overhead and it results in a narrower network bandwidth. The goal of this paper is to present that use of Chebyshev periodical successive over-relaxation (PSOR) can accelerate distributed LMS algorithms in a naturally manner. The basic idea of Chbyshev PSOR is to introduce index-dependent PSOR factors that control the spectral radius of a matrix governing the convergence behavior of the modified fixed-point iteration. Accelerations of convergence speed are empirically confirmed in a wide range of networks, such as known small graphs (e.g., Karate graph), and random graphs, such as Erdos-Renyi (ER) random graphs and Barabasi-Albert random graphs.
Livio Nicola Carenza, Giuseppe Gonnella, Davide Marenduzzo
et al.
The interplay between the chirality of many biological molecules and the energy injected at small length-scales as the result of biological processes is at the base of the life of the cells. With the aim of unveiling the connection between these two features, here we analyze by means of lattice Boltzmann simulations the behavior of an active droplet of cholesteric liquid crystal under the effect of intense active doping, within the framework of active gel theory. We find that a droplet of chiral liquid crystal, fueled by active force dipoles, develops defect loops (closed disclination lines) that pierce the interior of the droplet, leading the droplet to develop an erratic motility mode. When the droplet is fueled by in-warding active torque dipoles, three different dynamical regimes develops at varying both the thermodynamic chirality and the strength of active energy injection: a stable rotational state at low activity, an intermittent disclination dance regime, and a turbulent state where closed disclination lines formation is inhibited and new pairs of oppositely charged surface defects leads to the development of chaotic rotational motion. Finally, we show that out-warding torque dipoles are able to sustain a periodical dynamics at higher chirality characterized by the nucleation/annihilation of pairs of disclination rings.