The present study aims to explore the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) investment in education and training on gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States of America (USA) while controlling for the traditional determinants of labor and capital. In order to achieve this aim, the present study used the Fourier ADL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) cointegration, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimators from 2012 to 2022 and used a quarterly dataset. The outcomes of the study reveal that (i) there is long run linkage between GDP, labor force, gross fixed capital formation, and AI investment in education and training in the USA; (ii) rising AI investment in education and training in the USA is associated with increasing GDP; (iii) capital and labor also contributed to the GDP, positively. US policymakers should continue supporting technological investment in education to maintain sustainable investment and growth. Technology companies and universities should collaborate to design AI-driven curricula, while businesses should invest in workforce upskilling. This collaboration will enhance the economic benefits of AI.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Self-monitoring—the ability to detect and correct errors during speech production plays an important role in second language production. Despite its importance, it has received little attention within English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts, particularly with regard to self-monitoring foci, speed, and its association with pausing behavior. This study aims to contribute to this area by investigating self-monitoring foci, speed, and the relationship between self-repair and pausing behavior within an EFL context. Sixty six EFL learners were recruited to perform picture-based description tasks. The research employed repeated measures and correlation analysis to address the research questions. The findings revealed that EFL learners frequently made more grammatical repairs compared to other repair types. Grammatical repair also took significantly longer to process than other repair types, implying that Grammatical repair might be challenging for EFL learners. Furthermore, the findings revealed a weak negative correlation between the frequency of Grammatical repair and pauses between clauses, suggesting that between-clause pauses in EFL speech might be associated with self-monitoring process. These insights shed light on the psycholinguistic aspects of self-monitoring in EFL contexts, carrying significant implications for research and theory.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
In an era where managers are seeking to improve customer satisfaction and decrease customer response time, healthcare organizations are striving to increase patient satisfaction by improving communication channels, eliminating errors, and reducing patient waiting time. Job satisfaction plays a significant role in determining service quality and in providing high-quality service to customers. This study focuses on the importance of job satisfaction as a moderator of the service quality-customer satisfaction relationship in the Lebanese healthcare context. The importance of investigating this relationship lies in the fact that Lebanon has a service-based economy; thus, improving the service quality of this sector can significantly impact the country’s overall deteriorating economic performance. This can help to develop effective strategies to improve employee morale and customer/patient satisfaction despite poor financial and living conditions, while providing valuable insights to enhance the working conditions in a vital sector, ultimately leading to the economic growth of a country collapsing in an unprecedented manner. Despite the significance of service quality from the customer and employee standpoints in service quality literature, few studies have combined these three perspectives. A quantitative study was conducted with 1,128 healthcare providers confirming that the higher the job satisfaction, the higher the quality of the offered services, and the higher the customer/patient satisfaction even if job satisfaction had been slightly improved. This study is equally an eye opener for healthcare managers to motivate employees and boost their satisfaction despite a collapsing economy and degenerating living and health conditions.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Addisu B. Shago, Elias W. Bushisso, Taye G. M. Olamo
This study investigated EFL instructors’ beliefs about teaching listening integrated with speaking skills at Hawassa University, Ethiopia through a mixed-methods approach. A comprehensive sampling technique identified survey respondents whereas a purposive sampling technique selected participants for qualitative data. Employing a 5-point Likert scale questionnaires were framed to analyze input and method domains. Conversely, utilizing semi-structured interviews (four themes) and observations (seven themes) were categorized using NVIVO 12 Pro. Descriptive statistics illustrated the importance of input domains (familiar topics, feedback, knowledge elements, authentic materials, technology integration) and method domains (pre-, while and post-listening phases, and task-based instruction). However, qualitative findings showed inconsistencies between beliefs and practices indicating a need for more effective lesson planning, authentic materials, technology integration, and effective implementation of listening phases. Inferential statistics revealed a strong positive relationship between dependent and independent variables, which showed a significant impact. Consequently, a balanced approach to these domains is crucial for effective integration requiring professional development programs to address the finding’s disparities. The study recommends practical training, authentic material design, technology integration, and progressive assessment with an emphasis on lesson planning. It further suggests exploring practical interventions, comparative studies, longitudinal studies, and student focused studies to enhance the quality of these findings.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
<p>The article analyzes the fundamental problem, known in philosophy as the problem of universals, and in psychology as the problem of the essence and types of generalizations. The authors point to the internal inconsistency and lack of persuasiveness of the traditional interpretation of the nature of generalizations proposed by Aristotle. All modern psychology, as indicated in the article, remains a prisoner of the empirical way of generating the general, imposed by the Stagirite. The authors see ways to solve the problem of generalizations in the paradoxical formula proposed by L.S. Vygotsky, who argued that generalization and communication are two sides of the same time. According to this formula, as we communicate, so we generalize, and vice versa. Guided by the most important principle of the cultural-historical approach - the principle of historicism, the authors consider the origin and essence of generalizations in ontogeny. The article highlights and discusses six types of sequentially emerging generalizations. The very first generalization that appears in young children, which can be called primary, sheds light on the inner nature and essence of generalizations, which are a folded program of actions to achieve the goal generated by the child. The next type and level of generalizations can be named after L.S. Vygotsky, worldly concepts and ideas. They differ significantly from the empirical generalizations imposed on children by existing educational methods and programs. According to the authors, the child's mastery of certain levels and types of generalizations is a natural process of development of the psyche and consciousness. At the turn of preschool and primary school age, children develop theoretical thinking with a predominant focus on the mode of action; in the middle grades, they master functional generalizations and a functional style of thinking. In older adolescence and youthful age, opportunities open up for them to familiarize themselves with the scientific and philosophical level of thinking, thanks to the scientific and philosophical types of generalizations. The development of generalizations in the cultural-historical theory is an internal, and, therefore, an essential characteristic of the development of human consciousness.</p>
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Câștigarea alegerilor de către comuniști (16 noiembrie 1946) a avut consecințe directe asupra tuturor aspectelor vieții politice, economice, sociale, culturale și spirituale din România, în condițiile în care, la sfârșitul anului 1947, monarhia constituțională este înlocuită cu regimul comunist. Una dintre instituțiile cel mai greu încercate a fost Biserica. Contradicția ireconciliabilă dintre statul ateu și doctrina creștină plasa, indubitabil, Biserica în afara cadrului legal, condamnându-i pe toți creștinii, indiferent de confesiune, la prigoana de la începuturile erei creștine. Bisеriса а prеfеrаt, însă, în loсul сonfliсtului dеsсhis сu Stаtul, cooperarea сu асеstа, acțiune justifiсаtă în disсursurilе ofiсiаlе са fiind o jеrtfă pеntru slujirеа binеlui soсiаl. Această stare de raporturi a provocat reacții adverse din partea unor preoți, care și-au manifestat în mod deschis dezacordul în vederea unei „colaborări” între cele două instituții. Un exemplu în acest sens este manifestul călugărului basarabean Mina Dobzeu către reprezentanții Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, prin care acesta îndemna clerul ortodox să nu amestece învățătura religioasă cu politica de stat, întrucât fiecare instituție își are atribuțiile și misiunile sale pe pământ. Primul manifest, „Adevărul”, apare în februarie 1948, fiind multiplicat în 7 exemplare și lipit pe câteva garduri din satul Brădiceşti. Al doilea, scris în 13 exemplare, apare după mai bine de 10 ani, în mai 1959, și este trimis către ierarhii ortodocși şi către conducerea Institutului Teologic din Bucureşti. Consecvența ierodiaconului basarabean Mina Dobzeu în a-și manifesta ferm dezacordul cu politica statului ateu, îndemnându-i pe clerici să nu să se supună regimului și să nu colaboreze cu autoritățile statului, este impresionantă, în condițiile în care a fost subiectul unor multiple anchete penale ale Securității. Exemplul lui Mina Dobzeu este unul care reflectă, la scară individuală, conflictul dintre Biserică și Putere, fiind relevant pentru înțelegerea condițiilor vitrege cărora Biserica a trebuit să le facă față. Misiunea istoricilor este de a nuanța aspectele și de a evita generalizările, în condițiile în care oamenii Bisericii, ca și întreaga societate, au avut reacții diferite care trebuie analizate prin raportare la conjunctura condiționată de evenimentele care se întâmplau în țară. Cuvinte-cheie: Mina Dobzeu, biserică, stat, regim comunist, securitate, scrisoare, manifest.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The article substantiates the necessity of psychoanalytical and existential methodology in interpreting Lesia Ukrainka’s drama Kaminnyi hospodar (1912; The Stone Host), including the works of José Ortega y Gasset and Miguel de Unamuno on Don Quixote, Albert Camus on absurd characters (The Myth of Sisyphus. Essay on the Absurd), and Jacques Lacan’s The Mirror Stage. Biographical data testify to the critical attitude of the writer to world treatments of the legend. Her challenge to tradition was bold and conscious. It is regarded that the main point of Lesia Ukrainka’s polemics with tradition concerns Don Juan apologetics, introduced by romantics and developed by modernists. Exploring Don Juan’s psychological makeup provides the opportunity to show that all participants of the legend have become victims of Don Juan apologetics (that distinguish the tragic fi nale of the story). The Don Juan myth has played an integral role in the image of the Person (social mask) being accepted by characters as a trustful image of the Self. Interpretation of the Mirror Image in The Stone Host and its crucial role in the final scene allows for justifying that the mirror serves the narcissistic characters’ admiration of themselves and shows them not only an attractive appearance but an ideal version of the Self, created by myth.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
In her drama Cassandra (1903–1907) Lesia Ukrainka pays considerable attention to language and demonstrates its two defi ning forms and functional paradigms. One of them is language that appeals to the essential components of being. It is language that refl ects human existence in all its acuity and fullness of appearance. This language is complex and diffi cult to understand, but is the only real language of the age of modernism. Another language is superfi cial, appealing not to the depths of life and universal categories, but to temporary human needs and aspirations. Its task is to identify the ways and means of achieving a desired goal. Such language is manipulative, because its speakers tend to hide their personal interests under claims of the common good. Also, in the drama, Lesia Ukrainka innovatively raises a number of questions related to the internal laws of world development, the processes of human cognition, the functioning of language, and the understanding and interpretation of the word. The formulation and presentation of these issues demonstrate the clear modern attitude that the writer professed and embodied in her drama.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Abstract A pressing problem in archival preservation of information on electronic art, and any possible virtual conservation of such artifacts in Latin America, is the lack of strategic initiatives in the field. Unfortunately, a certain so-called ‘history of digital art’ has not been constructed in the southern continent; neither is any ‘history of digital art in Latin America’ valorized per se in the literature on contemporary art. The creation of databases and sets is inevitable as Latin America transforms into an economic power. Intelligent and user-friendly archival platforms are urgently needed. The potential of a 5G empowered mining for retrieval of dynamic contents in new media arts is immense and would further point to the aesthetic needs of the future.
This article aims to understand the impact of gender diversity on a firm’s equity volatility along with the moderating effect of chief executive officer (CEO) pay–performance sensitivity, institutional activism, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The sample consists of 200 South Asian health care firms over the period 2010 to 2018. After confirming the prevalence of endogeneity, we rely on the results of system generalized method of moments (GMM) rather than any static model. The results show that a higher representation of women on the board can mitigate the firm’s equity volatility. The findings of the study also purport that CEOs with higher pay–performance sensitivity exploit female directors to take the excessive risk, whereas institutional investors support the risk-averse behavior of these directors. However, we find no statistical evidence that CSR activities moderate the relationship between gender diversity and firm’s equity volatility. Our results theoretically support both stakeholder and agency perspectives that South Asian capital markets should enhance the representation of women on board to mitigate agency conflicts and to improve long-term firm’s sustainability.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
<strong> </strong> أدت مسألة الدیموقراطیة دوراً مؤثراً فی الصراع السیاسی على السلطة فی مصر ,وکانت سبباً من أسباب قیام انقلاب 23 تموز عام 1952,الذی اتخذ له فیما بعد صفة الثورة بقیادة تنظیم الضباط الاحرار .إذ کانت أزمة الدیموقراطیة واضحة فی مصر إبان العهد الملکی ,الذی اتسم بالفساد الإداری فی ظل دستور عام 1923,و لم یقید ذلک الدستور سلطة الملک ,کما انه لم یؤکد سلطة مجلس النواب فی مواجهة النظام الملکی ,ولذلک سیطرت السلطة التنفیذیة على السلطة التشریعیة ,و تعطل العمل بهذا الدستور اکثر من مرة .لقد ورث النظام الملکی المصری عداءً تقلیدیا ً لفکرة الحکم الدیموقراطی ,وکان سعی النظام على امتداد حکم اسرة محمد علی إلى ترکیز مقالید السلطة بید الحاکم ,مما یفسر جنوح القصر للحکم الاوتوقراطی .ولا یعد من قبیل المبالغة القول بأن الملک فؤاد (1917-1936) قد استخدم الدستور اداة للحکم المرکزی عندما بسط هیمنته على المؤسسة العسکریة من خلال احتفاظه بحق منح الرتب والنیاشین, وتعیین الضباط وعزلهم ,کما احتفظ لنفسه بحق الإشراف على المؤسسة الدینیة ,ومن ثم استخدام الازهر اداة ضغط مؤثرة وفعالة ضد خصومه .
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Aygul B. Taskuzhina, Zamzagul B. Shahaman, Maysara Z. Bekmagambetova
et al.
Studying the origins of the formation of the ethnos of a certain territory contributes to the determination of an integral historical picture. Therefore, the main goal of the work is to analyze the establishment of the Slav population in Western and North-Eastern Kazakhstan in the XVIII century. To achieve this goal, the authors studied a number of historical documents that made it possible to determine that the Cossacks, the military, and the peasants dominated the Slavic population. It is established that in the second half of the XVIII century. The lower military ranks, peasants from European Russia were resettled to the regions of Kazakhstan. Decree of the Government of August 6, 1762, was allowed to resettle the exiles along the Irtysh line from Ust-Kamenogorsk to Omsk fortress. The Senate Decree of 1766, allowed the relocation of artists and craftspeople who lived in Tobolsk and other cities of Siberia at will to the upper Irtysh fortresses.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The article comes from an approach to the Surah 19 to enquire the conventional way to comprehend the formation of Qur’ān and the origins of Islam. From a short analysis of materials and sources that appear on the text, it is possible to see how traditional theories about the emergence of both are inadequates because do not consider the dynamic and vitality of the culture, as well the complexity of religious traditions forceful in the Middle East during the Late Antiquity, especially those which could be appointed as Jewish or Christian. And it argues that from the interior of what is commonly called Jewish-Christianism emerge both one (the Qur’ān) and the other (the Early Islam).
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Political science