Based on the analysis of the results of qualitative and quantitative sociological research, the article characterises the influence of the center-peripheral stratification of regions on the stability degree of the social identity of the population in the capitals of the republics within the Russian Federation – on the example of Saransk, the administrative center of the Republic of Mordovia, and Izhevsk, the administrative center of the Udmurt Republic. The author evaluates the differences in the central-peripheral self-identification of the elites and the population of the republics, due to differences in the “scale effect” of the resource provision of the republics, as a significant component of the metropolitan identity of the central cities of the republics as “centers for the implementation of other people’s initiatives.” For example, the status of Izhevsk as the largest city is expressed not only in its comparison to medium-sized cities in the Udmurt Republic, but also in competition with large industrial cities in other regions. The contrast example of the negative impact of the scale effect is demonstrated by Mordovia as a relatively small (with a population of less than a million people) and low-resource region with its capital city of Saransk. The formation of a highly polarized population structure in such a region with a single large city in the absence of medium-sized ones does not prevent a negative comparison with the capital cities of more developed and large regions, forming an idea of their own non-competitiveness and periphery in relation to the largest cities, along with a willingness to join the administrative regions they manage, even at the cost of losing their central status. The results of the study explain the phenomenon of blurring the republican identity among the population of the capital cities of some republics and the dysfunction in their social development, which is expressed in their transformation from the “locomotives of modernization” of the republics into the donors of human resources for more developed regions.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
Abstract This research explores international tourists’ engagement with Māori indigenous tourist attractions in New Zealand. In-depth interviews with 18 international tourists were conducted after their visits to the Waitangi Treaty Grounds in Northland, New Zealand. The findings revealed clear evidence of some general engagement behaviours such as spending time and enjoyment which led visitors into deeper levels of behavioural and psychological engagement. The behavioural engagement occurred in two primary forms which are taking photos for a range of personal and impersonal purposes as well as conversation with staff. Also, three forms of psychological engagement were found, including engagement with cultural aspects, imagination, and learning. The perception of the authenticity and uniqueness of the attraction were important precursors to tourist behavioural and psychological engagement.
Abstract The Simien Mountains National Park’s (SMNP) exoneration from the List of World Heritage Endangered is the recent story of the park. It is in September 2017 that the park has restored its place in UNESCO. Significant and sustainable reduction of human population within the park was one of the four basic standards set by the UNESCO World Heritage Commission in order to undo their decision. To fulfill UNESCO’s standard, the local government undertook relocations but inconsistently. By employing anthropological insights, this paper narrates the tale of the relocated Gich and Arkwazeye communities in the SMNP. The research used in-depth interview, discourse analysis and household surveys. Contrary to local government’s discourse on compensations, the Gich community suffered both socially and economically as a result of involuntary relocation. All the problems attached to this community are the result of the government’s non-participatory relocation plan which thus has created a dispensable subject. The Arkwazeye community, on the other hand, is experiencing a relatively stable life as they have maintained all social assets they have created as a community. The paper, therefore, recommends to the local government to individually take care of the lives of the Gich community.
Anthropology, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Jana Plewińskiego (1898–1970) zaliczyć można do grona najwybitniejszych w dziejach najnowszych działaczy ludowych ziemi sieradzkiej. Obecnie jednak jest raczej mało znany, jakby zapomniany. Od 1919 r. działał w ruchu ludowym w kole młodzieży swojej rodzinnej wsi Strzałki (gmina Majaczewice). Od 1923 r. związał się z PSL „Wyzwolenie”, a od 1931 r. działał w Stronnictwie Ludowym (SL), w którym wtedy skupili się członkowie trzech dotąd samodzielnie funkcjonujących ugrupowań chłopskich. Najsilniejszą pozycję Plewiński wypracował sobie w latach 30. XX w., zarówno w SL jak i ZMW RP „Wici”. Od 1934 r. wchodził w skład Zarządu Powiatowego SL, w rok później objął funkcję sekretarza powiatowego i piastował ją do wybuchu II wojny światowej. W 1936 r. wybrany został do Zarządu Wojewódzkiego SL w Łodzi. W latach 1935–1936 stał na czele powiatowych struktur ZMW RP „Wici”. W latach 1936–1938 był członkiem Zarządu Wojewódzkiego tej organizacji. Był związany ze środowiskiem młodych, radykalnych działaczy ludowych, którzy skupili się wokół wydawanego wpierw w Poznaniu, a następnie w Łodzi czasopisma „Chłopskie Życie Gospodarcze”. Był cenionym prelegentem i często występował na różnych zgromadzeniach publicznych organizowanych przez sieradzki ruch ludowy. Współorganizował wielki strajk chłopski w 1937 r. Za swą działalność przeciw władzy sanacyjnej był w okresie Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej kilkakrotnie więziony. Na początku okupacji hitlerowskiej (listopad–grudzień 1939) znalazł się w sieradzkim więzieniu (w ramach antypolskich represji okupanta). Po ucieczce z więzienia włączył się aktywnie w tworzenie struktur konspiracji ludowej. Należał do kierownictwa lokalnego tej konspiracji (wchodził w skład „trójki” a następnie „piątki” powiatowej SL „Roch”, w latach 1944–1945 – po aresztowaniu Adama Banacha stanął na czele konspiracji ludowej powiatu sieradzkiego). Był także żołnierzem „Chłostry”, a od 1941 r. Batalionów Chłopskich. Jego działalność w latach 1945–1972 w ruchu ludowym (w SL, PSL, ZSL) szerzej opisuję w szkicu biograficznym zamieszczonym w numerze 37 (2021) „Rocznika Historycznego Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego” w Warszawie.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
The paper pertains to the analysis of a manuscript authored by D.A. Milutin in the first half of the 19th century, regarding the region of Kabarda. This manuscript, hitherto unpublished in academic circles, has been the subject of our examination. Our endeavor was to uncover the utilization of orientalist clichés by the manuscript's author, in order to depict both the geographical delineations of this ethno-political entity and the ethnography, livelihood, societal structure, and customary legal norms of its inhabitants. A remarkable parallel can be observed between certain aspects of the manuscript and the ideas propounded by E. Said in his discourse on European Orientalism. The researcher drew a comparison between the political framework and traditions of the Kabardian people and those prevalent in Europe. Moreover, the researcher romanticized the region's historical past, employing the conceptof "reverse human progress," along with other typical methodologies embraced by Orientalist thinkers of that era. Concomitantly, D.A. Milutin provided detailed descriptions of the political, social, and everyday existence in Kabarda, thereby endowing the manuscript with an intrinsic value as an original historical and cultural resource for contemporary scholars. It is concluded that, similar to numerous analogous texts produced by Orientalist scholars, the significance of D.A. Milutin's man-uscript lies not in its political arguments concerning the military and economic dominion of the Russian Empire over the Caucasian peoples, or the imperative to extend colonial governance to these ethnic territories
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics
The thematic compilation “Food Supply Problems in Regions” timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the tragic events in the history of the Soviet state – the mass famine in the Volga and Ural regions, which engulfed the territory of the young Tatar Republic. At the roundtable discussion held in Kazan on October 19, 2021, researchers from Kazan, Samara, Penza and Moscow discussed the features of food policy and the problems of food supply in the Soviet period in the Volga and Ural regions. The rubric includes some articles of the roundtable discussion participants.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
En algunas situaciones de desigualdad los grupos dominantes establecen intercambios y obligaciones clientelares con los grupos subalternos y les atribuyen contrapoderes y amenazas diversas para el orden social. En este artículo desarrollaré esta hipótesis a partir de un estudio de las domésticas de origen esclavo en Tetuán (Marruecos), desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la primera mitad del XX, y su relación con las familias de medio y alto rango para las que trabajaban, a partir de fuentes orales y de archivo. Sujetas a una situación de dominación, aquellas mujeres devinieron representantes del prestigio del grupo propietario a través de sus labores gastronómicas, como signo de distinción. Y muchas de ellas ejercieron funciones de curación y protección, como mediadoras con santuarios y entidades no humanas o vinculadas a cofradías como los gnawa. De hecho, todos estos procesos de intercambio se generaban y transformaban a través de mecanismos y escenarios rituales. Y en estos procesos simbólicos, los cuerpos de esclavos y libertos devinieron agentes de aquellas relaciones clientelares, en los que se proyectaban paradójicos poderes tanto para provocar el mal como para protegerse de él.
Anthropology, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
The article suggests that the inscription known as RIÉ 277 might be a Hellenistic inscription of the period of Ptolemy II Philadelphus. This interpretation is based on a revision of the main hypotheses concerning the geographical centre suggested by the text.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Philology. Linguistics
Рассмотрена современная экстатическая практика контактерства, получения «небесных диктовок — алт. бичимелдер» в алтайской религиозной группе Ак Jан\ а также дан анализ учения и культовых представлений последователей каракольской онгудайской инициативной группы В. Б. Чекурашева. Рассмотрена религиозная литература, написанная авторами «небесных диктовок», практикующими данную технику как с начала формирования группы (О. Ерехинова, К. Мачула), так и в современный период (Н. Та-баева, Л. Енчинова). Ряд авторов являются активными помощниками духовного лидера, редакторами газеты «Амаду Алтай». В статье также использован материал, представляющий собой изложение интервью, проведенных с К. Б. Мачула (активная последовательница Ак Jаff и одна из авторов «небесных диктовок», благословений) в 2017 г. Анализ высказываний, текстов «небесных диктовок», духовной литературы, понятий и названий божеств четко фиксирует синкретический становящийся характер современной каракольской инициативной группы В. Б. Чекурашева, претендующей на истинное (объективное и аутентичное) позиционирование алтайской веры (JаIгы Алтай/ Алтай дян) в Республике Алтай и за ее пределами.
Gli studi speleologici presentano un considerevole potenziale per la comprensione dei processi di sviluppo culturale sull'Altopiano del Qoḥayto , e per lo studio dei pattern di mobilità e dei sistemi residenziali dei gruppi pastorali. Questo contributo è basato su un survey archeologico e l'osservazione etnografica dell'organizzazione dello spazio domestico in grotte dell'Altopiano del Qoḥayto, ponendo in particolare evidenza: a) l'opposizione tra lo spazio umano e quello destinato agli animali, e b) le variazioni all'interno di questi due domini. I risultati mostrano l'esistenza di due tipi di organizzazione di questi spazi: l'una con la zona del goḥo-makādo separata da quella per gli animali, l'altra con la zona del balbala separata dalla seconda.
Serbian ethnology and anthropology is missing papers on folk belief and magic practices on black and white magic. This paper problematizes research on Vlach magic as an authentic and archaic culture of the ethnic Vlachs in North-Eastern Serbia. The first part of the paper deals with theoretical concepts of magic, while the second presents the results of research on the relationship between young people in Bor towards Vlach magic, as part of traditional folk religion and archaic cultural heritage which is still relevant today.
Purpose. The aim of this work is the intelligent reconstruction and the analysis of the various methodological approaches to cognitive areas of modern philosophy of history and determines their cognitive and academic relationships with conceptual terms of such branches of historical knowledge as historical anthropology. Methodology. Methodological tools of this work are such scientific approaches as methods of philosophy of science, interdisciplinary approach, methods of source and system analysis. Scientific novelty. Reproduced and analyzed was a number of methodological approaches inherent in the natural sciences and the social - the humanities. The latter, in accordance with the principles of interdisciplinary paradigm, is very widely applied by the modern philosophy of historical knowledge, in particular in the analysis of the historical process and its main elements: the mentality, attitudes and norms of socially significant and personal behavior of individuals and societies of the past. The influence of research on various historical and historical anthropological problems such concepts implanted in the methodology of modern philosophy of history scientific disciplines as chaos theory, synergetics, mathematical biology, ethnology, social psychology, etc. Focuses on intellectual connections are used in the philosophy of history, historical knowledge interdisciplinary methodology, theory and concepts of natural science and social - humanities. They are used to analyze and understand the complex and multifaceted historical events and processes. Conclusions. The result of the analysis of the cognitive dynamics applications in the philosophy of history of conceptual approaches of a very wide range of scientific disciplines has been the allocation of a number of phases of the mining process. Each of them has special logic - methodological and socio cultural characteristics ("Data"). Internal, cognitive science dynamics of this unity was not the aiming at the destruction of the previous intellectual tradition, but its deepening and updating on the basis of the implementation of more effective and diverse methodological approaches.
OVER THE LAST ten to fifteen years, Sami studies have become an ever more prominent aspect of the broader academic field of Nordic studies in North America. Arguably, in many respects they play at least as prominent a role beyond their consideration within the fields of ethnology and anthropology in curricular offerings and scholarly research in Canada and the United States as they do in the Nordic region. One of the reasons for this curious situation is that the desire--indeed the need--for the serious study of the culture, art, and literature of indigenous peoples was waged in North America during the mid-decades of the twentieth century with regard to the traditions of the Native Americans to whom the Sami are occasionally compared. Once literature and art departments had recognized the enrichment that stems from scholarly, non-patronizing attention to the work of Native Americans, it was a small step that did not raise curricular objections to examine the work of other indigenous cultures in general and the Sami in particular. Scandinavian Studies has played a notable role in developing the legitimacy and breadth of the academic attention currently being accorded the Sami. In 2003, an issue subtitled "The People of Eight Seasons: The Sami and Their Changing Culture" and hailed as the first issue of a scholarly journal devoted exclusively to Sami culture was published and many copies were subsequently ordered for use in the classroom as foundational texts. Now, nearly nine years later, some of the changes heralded in the subtitle are being brought to the fore by some of the contributors to that earlier issue, as well as a new generation of scholars. The substantive changes in the discipline as well as the methodologies with which they are studied are noteworthy and merit attention. The historical and cultural link that the United States has to the European Sami community is, moreover, rarely recognized. Few are aware, for example, that between the late nineteenth century and well into the early decades of the twentieth century Sami families and reindeer were settled in Alaska by both private and United States federal resources to assist with the development of reindeer herding in that area and eventually the adjoining parts of Canada. The Sami made the move with the intention of teaching the often-starving Eskimo population the most important aspects of reindeer husbandry. Their efforts were for a time very successful: at the height of reindeer cultivation more than a hall million head were found in numerous different herds in various parts of Alaska. As a result of shifts in government policies and other factors, however, the extensive breeding and care of reindeer diminished significantly. It continues on a marginal basis in the twenty-first century. Descendants of the original Sami immigrants, though, can still be found in the northwestern parts of the United States and in Canada, and they form a loosely organized social network. …