Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

Chuxin Ke, Liang Li

Plant proteins have high nutritional value, a wide range of sources and low cost. However, it is easily affected by the environmental factors of processing and lead the problem of poor functionality. These problems of plant proteins can be improved by the polysaccharides induced Maillard reaction. The interaction between proteins and polysaccharides through Maillard reaction can change the structure of proteins as well as improve the functional properties and biological activity. The products of Maillard reaction, such as reductone intermediates, heterocyclic compounds and melanoidins have certain antioxidant, antibacterial and other biological activities. However, heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, and products generated in the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction also have a negative impact, which may increase cytotoxicity and be associated with chronic diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively control the process of Maillard reaction. This review focuses on the modification of plant proteins by polysaccharide-induced Maillard reaction and the effects of Maillard reaction on protein structure, functional properties and biological activity. It also points out how to accurately reflect the changes of protein structure in Maillard reaction. In addition, it also points out the application ways of plant protein-polysaccharide complexes in the food industry, for example, emulsifiers, delivery carriers of functional substances, and natural antioxidants due to their improved solubility, emulsifying, gelling and antioxidant properties. This review provides theoretical support for controlling Maillard reaction based on protein structure.

Dwi Rakhmatun Sulistiyaningrum, Barlah Rumhayati, Arie Srihardyastutie

This research investigated the effectiveness of bioremediation of Lapindo mud-contaminated soil using an eco-enzyme for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal. The soil samples were collected from Glagaharum and Gedang Villages, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia, which have been contaminated by the Lapindo mud containing TPH. The bioremediation experiment was carried out ex situ in a container filled with contaminated soil samples, which were watered with eco-enzymes daily. Bioremediation time was optimized at 0, 7, 4, 21, and 28 days while the eco-enzymes concentration was varied at 0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/v). The concentration of TPH in the soil samples was analyzed using the gravimetric method at 0, 7, 4, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that TPH concentration was gradually decreased during remediation. The remediation removal percentage reached an optimum after 21 days. The TPH was optimally removed using the eco-enzyme at 15% (v/v), achieving 95.39%. The bioremediation of contaminated soil using eco-enzymes also increased the contents of total C and total N by 50.97% and 39.43%, respectively. However, this treatment reduces total P by 50.89%. Furthermore, the pH and temperature values for the three samples before and after the bioremediation process remained fairly stable, within the pH range of 6-7 and the temperature range of 25.7-26.2 °C.

Namrata Pandey, Abhishek Saxena, Shivam Saw and Geetgovind Sinam

Groundwater in the Gangetic Plain of India is increasingly vulnerable to heavy metal contamination, raising serious public health concerns. This study analyzed 12 heavy metals (As, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Se, Mo, Cd, and Co) in 30 groundwater samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical evaluations included Shapiro-Wilk normalization, Pearson correlation (SPSS v25), and Principal Component Analysis (OriginLab v10.15). Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) analyses were performed. The results showed that 70% of the samples from Ballia exceeded the HPI threshold (>100), with the highest value being 328.77. Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) were the dominant contributors to non-carcinogenic risk, with HI values peaked at 28,334.8. The carcinogenic risk values for As and Ni exceeded the acceptable limits in all districts, with Prayagraj and Ballia showing total CR values of 2.17 and 3.00, respectively. Strong correlations among metals (e.g., Cd–Mn, r = 0.80) suggest anthropogenic origins, particularly from industrial and agricultural sources. These findings highlight the urgent need for routine monitoring, point-source control, and localized treatment to ensure groundwater safety.

Fatema Sultana, Oporbo Hossain Jumman, Nibedita Paul et al.

Organisations are under increasing pressure today to provide proof of responsible performance in environmental, social, ethical, operational, customer, and financial facets. Despite the huge research effort on Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), existing reviews still focus on either environmental or employee outcomes and have not yet appeared to derive a multifaceted insight into the way in which GHRM helps to enhance the responsible performance of the enterprise. To fill this gap, we performed a PRISMA-based systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database of publications from the year 2020–2025. The findings illustrate a change beginning after 2023 that compels us to have management accountable for ESG to incorporate sustainability across organisations and a strategic environmental focus. This study finds that GHRM improves environmental performance, responsible employee engagement, corporate social responsibility, ethical climate, responsible operational activities, responsibility-driven customer satisfaction, and ethically grounded long-term financial performance. This review advances the understanding of GHRM's role in enhancing organisational responsibility by synthesising fragmented findings, specifying the boundaries of responsible performance, and linking theory-grounded mechanisms using AMO, SET, RBV, Stakeholder Theory, CSR Theory, and Knowledge-Based View. Finally, future directions are highlighted for further research, including cross-country comparative studies, digital GHRM, SMEs, and multi-dimensional frameworks for the measurement of responsible performance.

Mimin Iryanti, Nanang Dwi Ardi, Riska Siti Nurjanah

Landslides are one of the most frequent natural disasters in Indonesia, primarily caused by complex topographic conditions, high rainfall intensity, and extensive land use changes. This study aimed to map landslide-susceptibility areas in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, using the K-Means Clustering and Self-Organizing Map (SOM) methods, visualized through a Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The data utilized include Landsat 8 satellite imagery for calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) indices, elevation and slope data derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and 2024 rainfall data from the Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). Each variable was classified into five categories based on gridcode values to facilitate spatial analysis. The clustering results revealed two main groups, with the first cluster showing higher landslide potential due to a combination of steep slopes, moderate rainfall, and a high level of urban development. This cluster recorded a Silhouette Coefficient value of 0.75, indicating a high level of landslide vulnerability. In contrast, the other cluster represented more stable terrain, with a Silhouette Coefficient of 0.72. This study is expected to serve as a reference for developing disaster risk-based spatial planning and mitigation strategies.

Made Widya Jayantari, I Gusti Agung Putu Eryani, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Pawana et al.

Land-use change is one of the factors contributing to land degradation. Land degradation is characterized by a decrease in vegetation cover, leading to reduced infiltration capacity and increased surface runoff. The Mati Watershed is one of the watersheds in Bali Province that has experienced land changes with a rapid increase in built-up land from 2017 to 2024. Sentinel land cover data serve as remote sensing data that may be applied to the investigation of land transformation. The SWAT+ model is used to simulate changes in hydrological responses resulting from land-use changes. This research initiative aims to characterize the implications of land-use transformations on hydrological dynamics in the Mati watershed, thereby supporting sustainable management methodologies. The SWAT+ model encompasses two land-use scenarios from 2017 and 2014, which were examined using Sentinel land-cover data. The results show significant land use changes in the Mati Watershed, where the built-up area reached 92% of the total watershed area in 2024. This change is causing land degradation in the Mati River watershed, leading to changes in the Mati River’s flow rate. Most channels showed increases of 0.0004–0.0275 m³/s, with the most significant increase in downstream channels 18–20 (up to 0.0420 m³/s). Reduced infiltration capacity due to land-use changes leads to less rainwater absorption and increased surface runoff, increasing the risk of soil erosion and land degradation. To address this issue, sustainable management is needed, emphasizing increased groundwater recharge through low-impact development to reduce surface runoff and minimize environmental degradation in the watershed.

Anastasia Athanasopoulou, Dimitra Papadaki, Chrysanthi Efthymiou et al.

Akhil Gupta Chigullapally, Sharvan Vittala, Razin Farhan Hussian et al.

The fast pace of modern AI is rapidly transforming traditional industrial systems into vast, intelligent and potentially unmanned autonomous operational environments driven by AI-based solutions. These solutions leverage various forms of machine learning, reinforcement learning, and generative AI. The introduction of such smart capabilities has pushed the envelope in multiple industrial domains, enabling predictive maintenance, optimized performance, and streamlined workflows. These solutions are often deployed across the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and supported by the Edge-Fog-Cloud computing continuum to enable urgent (i.e., real-time or near real-time) decision-making. Despite the current trend of aggressively adopting these smart industrial solutions to increase profit, quality, and efficiency, large-scale integration and deployment also bring serious hazards that if ignored can undermine the benefits of smart industries. These hazards include unforeseen interoperability side-effects and heightened vulnerability to cyber threats, particularly in environments operating with a plethora of heterogeneous IIoT systems. The goal of this study is to shed light on the potential consequences of industrial smartness, with a particular focus on security implications, including vulnerabilities, side effects, and cyber threats. We distinguish software-level downsides stemming from both traditional AI solutions and generative AI from those originating in the infrastructure layer, namely IIoT and the Edge-Cloud continuum. At each level, we investigate potential vulnerabilities, cyber threats, and unintended side effects. As industries continue to become smarter, understanding and addressing these downsides will be crucial to ensure secure and sustainable development of smart industrial systems.

Madigan Eckels, Bruce Bugbee

Leontina Grigore-Gurgu, Loredana Dumitrașcu, Iuliana Aprodu

Many aromatic herbs are conventionally used for flavoring various foods, but receive wide attention because of the variety of health-related properties. The aromatic herbs can be used either fresh or as dried powders and in the form of extracts, essential oils, or purified metabolites. In this review, the main functional properties, in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and the applications of some of the commonly used aromatic herbs from the Lamiaceae family, are discussed. Herbs like oregano, rosemary, sage, thyme, summer savory, marjoram, and basil possess high levels of bioactive phytochemicals. They are particularly rich in phenolic acids, flavones, phenolic diterpenes, and flavanones, with various beneficial effects. The phytochemical profile of aromatic plants is highly influenced by genetic factors, environmental conditions, and their interaction. In cases of the extracts and essential oils, the extraction method has a strong effect on the final composition of the herb products. Most of the applications of these aromatic herbs are related to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and flavoring properties. In particular, aromatic herb extracts and essential oils have multiple applications in fields like food, feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biopesticides, and textile industries.

Rafal Moayad Abdul-Latif and Amel Hussaein Mussa

The study focused on extracting and purifying siderophore produced by Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from rhizospheric soil in Baghdad city and evaluating its bioactivity both independently and in combination with selected antibiotics. Bacterial identification was performed using CHROM agar, biochemical, and physiological tests, with confirmation via PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA housekeeping gene. The siderophore was extracted using ethyl acetate after culturing the bacteria in succinate broth and was purified through HPLC, detected at a wavelength of 403 nm. A total of 38 bacterial isolates were obtained from lower respiratory tract infections, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Serratia marcescens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing with 13 antibiotics showed the highest resistance rates to ampicillin (65.7%) and ceftriaxone (63.1%), while the lowest resistance was observed with amikacin (15.7%). The synergistic activity of the siderophore combined with sub-MIC concentrations of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and gentamycin was tested against multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. The most significant antibacterial activity was observed with the combination of siderophore and gentamycin against S. aureus, whereas a minimal effect was noted on A. baumannii. In conclusion, 38 bacterial isolates were successfully identified from lower respiratory tract infections. The combination of siderophore with gentamycin exhibited notable antibacterial activity against S. aureus but was ineffective against A. baumannii.

Yunhan Chen, Wei Liu, Jing Qiu et al.

Yulania liliiflora is a highly exploitable plant with medicinal value from its flower buds, leaves, and bark. The species, as an ornamental plant, has significant implications for the phylogeny of land plants and offers promising prospects for scientific research. In this study, the Y. liliiflora mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) was assembled into a breach linear chromosome using PacBio HiFi sequencing, with a length of 865,191 bp and a GC content of 46.95%. A total of 69 genes were identified in the Y. liliiflora mitogenome. The Y. liliiflora mitogenome contains 65 unique genes, including 41 protein-coding genes, 21 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. Numerous repetitive sequences have been discovered, revealing the recombination events and the reason for the bigger mitogenome of Y. liliiflora. Many mitochondrial plastid sequences were found, with 12 complete chloroplast genes encompassed in these homologous fragments. Mitogenome from other Magnoliids were also used for collinearity comparison, which suggests a high recombination rate between Y. liliiflora and Magnoliids. Analysis of phylogeny has demonstrated that Y. liliiflora had the strongest genetic relation to Magnolia biondii of the Magnoliaceae, and Magnoliids emerged as a sister group to the clade encompassing monocots and eudicots. The results presented in this paper improve the understanding of the existing genetic knowledge of the genus Yulania. Simultaneously, they offer a promising avenue for conducting more comprehensive genomic investigations of Y. liliiflora.

H. Sadeghi, Z. Pazhavand

Jona Cappelle, Jarne Van Mulders, Sarah Goossens et al.

Precision agriculture demands non-invasive, energy-efficient, and sustainable plant monitoring solutions. In this work, we present the design and implementation of a lightweight, batteryless plant movement sensor powered solely by RF energy. This sensor targets Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and utilizes inertial measurements units (IMUs) to monitor leaf motion, which correlates with plant physiological responses to environmental stress. By eliminating the battery, we reduce the ecological footprint, weight, and maintenance requirements, transitioning from lifetime-based to operation-based energy storage. Our design minimizes circuit complexity while enabling flexible, adaptive readout scheduling based on energy availability and sensor data. We detail the energy requirements, RF power transfer considerations, integration constraints, and outline future directions, including multi-antenna power delivery and networked sensor synchronization.

Nitesh Subedi, Hsin-Jung Yang, Devesh K. Jha et al.

Autonomous harvesting in the open presents a complex manipulation problem. In most scenarios, an autonomous system has to deal with significant occlusion and require interaction in the presence of large structural uncertainties (every plant is different). Perceptual and modeling uncertainty make design of reliable manipulation controllers for harvesting challenging, resulting in poor performance during deployment. We present a sim2real reinforcement learning (RL) framework for occlusion-aware plant manipulation, where a policy is learned entirely in simulation to reposition stems and leaves to reveal target fruit(s). In our proposed approach, we decouple high-level kinematic planning from low-level compliant control which simplifies the sim2real transfer. This decomposition allows the learned policy to generalize across multiple plants with different stiffness and morphology. In experiments with multiple real-world plant setups, our system achieves up to 86.7% success in exposing target fruits, demonstrating robustness to occlusion variation and structural uncertainty.

Yangjun Zeng, Yiwei Qiu, Li Jiang et al.

Thyristor rectifiers (TRs) are cost-effective power supplies for hydrogen electrolyzers (ELZs) but introduce harmonic distortion that may violate grid codes. This letter proposes a self-governing harmonic mitigation strategy through coordinated operation of multiple ELZs in large power-to-hydrogen (P2H) plants. First, the harmonic model of TR-powered ELZs is derived, revealing a natural harmonic cancellation mechanism among them. Based on this, a system-level operation scheme based on phasor modulation is developed and integrated into plant scheduling. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method reduces harmonic currents by 21.2%-39.7% and ensures grid-code compliance, with only a 0.25% loss in hydrogen output, while increasing total revenue by over 21\% compared to production-oriented strategies.

I. McClements, D. Mcclements

Many consumers are incorporating more plant-based foods into their diets as a result of concerns about the environmental, ethical, and health impacts of animal sourced foods like meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products. Foods derived from animals negatively impact the environment by increasing greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. The livestock industry confines and slaughters billions of livestock animals each year. There are concerns about the negative impacts of some animal sourced foods, such as red meat and processed meat, on human health. The livestock industry is a major user of antibiotics, which is leading to a rise in the resistance of several pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics. It is often assumed that a plant-based diet is healthier than one containing more animal sourced foods, but this is not necessarily the case. Eating more fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grain cereals has been linked to improved health outcomes but it is unclear whether next-generation plant-based foods, such as meat, seafood, egg, and dairy analogs are healthier than the products they are designed to replace. Many of these new products are highly processed foods that contain high levels of saturated fat, sugar, starch, and salt, and low levels of micronutrients, nutraceuticals, and dietary fibers. Moreover, they are often rapidly digested in the gastrointestinal tract because processing disrupts plant tissues and releases the macronutrients. Consequently, it is important to formulate plant-based foods to reduce the levels of nutrients linked to adverse health effects and increase the levels linked to beneficial health effects. Moreover, it is important to design the food matrix so that the macronutrients are not digested and absorbed too quickly, but the micronutrients are highly bioavailable. In this article, we discuss how next-generation plant-based foods can be made healthier by controlling their nutrient profile, digestibility, and bioavailability.

K. Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk, A. Grenda, A. Jakubczyk et al.

Currently, the cosmetic industry is a very intensively growing part of the economy. Consumer demands are adapted to the current lifestyle, which is based on technological innovations and awareness of the impact of various factors on human health and fitness. There is growing interest in cosmetics based on environmentally friendly natural compounds exerting health-promoting effects. Chemicals with antimicrobial properties used as ingredients in cosmetics ensure their durability and safety. Polyphenolic compounds, peptides, essential oils, and plant extracts characterized by these properties are natural ingredients that can replace synthetic components of cosmetics. The advantage of these compounds is that they exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties, enhancing the product value in addition to their antimicrobial properties. This review article describes the antimicrobial properties of natural compounds that can protect cosmetics and can replace previously used preservative agents. Various studies indicate that the use of these compounds increases consumer interest in these products and has a positive impact on the environment.

R. Yekta, E. Assadpour, H. Hosseini et al.

Since the world's population has surged in recent decades, the need for sustainable as well as environmentally friendly protein sources is growing. However, there are daunting challenges in utilizing these protein sources in the food industry due to their poor techno-functional properties compared with animal proteins. Numerous procedures have been introduced to improve plant protein functionalities with related pros and cons. Among them, complexation with polysaccharides is considered a safe and effective process for modulating plant proteins' technological and industrial applications. Notwithstanding the nutritional value of soy protein (SP) as a "complete protein," it is a crucial protein commercially because of its rank as the highest-traded plant-based protein worldwide. The current review deals with SP complexation with ionic polysaccharides, including chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, and xanthan gum, and their effects on the physicochemical and techno-functional properties of SP. Accordingly, the structure of SP and the abovementioned polysaccharides have been considered for a better understanding of the possible interactions. Then, the changes in the physicochemical and functional properties of SP and their potential applications in the formulation of plant-based food products have been discussed. Overall, ionic polysaccharides at optimum conditions would improve the functional properties of SP by altering its secondary structure, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in the food industry.

Suharmili Rosle, Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim, Agustono Agustono et al.

The rising demand for sustainable aquaculture has prompted extensive research into alternative feed ingredients to replace traditional Fish Meal (FM) and Fish Oil (FO), which are linked to environmental and economic challenges. This comprehensive, structured review synthesizes recent advancements in plant and algae-based feeds, probiotics, insect meals, and other novel protein sources for aquaculture. The primary problem addressed is the need for sustainable, cost-effective, and nutritionally adequate alternatives to FM and FO to support the growing aquaculture industry while mitigating ecological impacts. Methodologically, the review encompasses a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed studies published between 2023 and 2024, evaluating the efficacy of various alternative feeds across different fish species. The flow of the study is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Analyzing a comprehensive selection using advanced searching approaches on Scopus and Web of Science discovered (n = 34) final primary data, which were then examined. The findings were divided into three themes: 1) insect-based feeds, 2) plant and algae-based feeds, and 3) alternative protein sources. Key findings reveal that many alternative feeds, including fermented plant meals, microalgae, and insect-based ingredients, promise to maintain or enhance growth performance, improve fish health, and ensure high nutritional quality. Spirulina platensis and Schizochytrium sp. inclusion in aquafeed has been illustrated to be able to enhance growth and antioxidant capacity effectively. At the same time, Black Soldier Fly Meal (BSFM) effectively supports gut health and immune response. The review concludes that while alternative feeds offer substantial benefits, species-specific responses necessitate tailored formulations. Future research should optimize these alternative ingredients, assess long-term effects, and evaluate economic feasibility to fully integrate them into sustainable aquaculture practices. This review highlights the potential of alternative feeds to transform aquaculture into a more sustainable industry, contributing to global food security and environmental conservation.