Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

Thomas Compton

Community Unionism has served as a pivotal concept in debates on trade union renewal since the early 2000s, yet its theoretical coherence and political significance remain unresolved. This article investigates why CU has gained such prominence -- not by testing its efficacy, but by mapping how it is constructed, cited, and contested across the scholarly literature. Using two complementary systematic approaches -- a citation network analysis of 114 documents and a thematic review of 18 core CU case studies -- I examine how CU functions as both an empirical descriptor and a normative ideal. The analysis reveals CU's dual genealogy: positioned by British scholars as an indigenous return to historic rank-and-file practices, yet structurally aligned with transnational social movement unionism. Thematic coding shows near-universal emphasis on coalition-building and alliances, but deep ambivalence toward class politics. This tension suggests CU's significance lies less in operationalising a new union model, and more in managing contradictions -- between workplace and community, leadership and rank-and-file, reform and radicalism -- within a shrinking labour movement.

Sławomir Bralewski

Wendy Elgersma Helleman

This discussion of the fourth-century commentary of Marius Victorinus on Paul’s epistle to the Galatians serves as a critical witness to late ancient understanding of Paul’s self-identification with the stigmata of Christ (of Gal 6:17), as the marks of his humiliating death on the cross. Echoing Paul on “being crucified with Christ”, Victorinus exhorted Christians to follow that example in suffering for their faith, warning them that suffering is inevitable. The present textual study uses linguistic, grammatical, rhetorical, and socio-historical analysis, particularly on the key terms, stigmata and mysterium. It concludes that Victorinus associated these terms to give meaning to trauma and suffering for Christians. The term mysterium in Victorinus’ work is closely associated with central aspects of Christ’s life and work, especially his crucifixion and death. While rejecting the “history of religions” school of thought on Christian liturgy borrowing from mystery religions, this study concludes that Victorinus’ use of the term mysterium reflects a move in fourth century Christianity to adapt language of the mysteries for the sacraments; more particularly, baptism is understood as a symbolic reenactment of Christ’s crucifixion, death and resurrection. Such an approach enhances the meaning of suffering in terms of service to Christ, for in baptism Christians share not only in Christ’s death, as suffering “with Christ”, but also in his resurrection, as victory over sin, suffering and death.

José Antonio Nájera, Celia Escamilla-Rivera

In this work, we explore new constraints on phantom scalar field cosmologies with a scalar field employing early times catalogues related to CMB measurements, along with the local standard observables, like Supernovae Type Ia (SNIa), $H(z)$ measurements (Cosmic Clocks), and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) baselines. In particular, we studied a tracker phantom field with hyperbolic polar coordinates that have been proposed in the literature. The main goal is to obtain precise cosmological constraints for $H_0$ and $σ_8$, in comparison to other constructions that present tension in early cosmological parameters. Our results show that phantom scalar field cosmologies have a reduced statistical tension on $H_0$ that it is less than 3$σ$ using model-independent CMB catalogues as SPT-3G+WMAP9 and ACTPol DR-4+WMAP9 baselines. This suggests these models using a different phantom potential might address the Hubble constant problem and reduce the systematics involved.

Marcin Wysocki

Wykaz prac dyplomowych z antyku chrześcijańskiego ukończonych w polskich ośrodkach naukowych w latach 2021-2022.

Omkar Ranadive, Nikhil Thakurdesai, Ari S Morcos et al.

It is commonly observed that deep networks trained for classification exhibit class-selective neurons in their early and intermediate layers. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown that these class-selective neurons can be ablated without deteriorating network function. But if class-selective neurons are not necessary, why do they exist? We attempt to answer this question in a series of experiments on ResNet-50s trained on ImageNet. We first show that class-selective neurons emerge during the first few epochs of training, before receding rapidly but not completely; this suggests that class-selective neurons found in trained networks are in fact vestigial remains of early training. With single-neuron ablation experiments, we then show that class-selective neurons are important for network function in this early phase of training. We also observe that the network is close to a linear regime in this early phase; we thus speculate that class-selective neurons appear early in training as quasi-linear shortcut solutions to the classification task. Finally, in causal experiments where we regularize against class selectivity at different points in training, we show that the presence of class-selective neurons early in training is critical to the successful training of the network; in contrast, class-selective neurons can be suppressed later in training with little effect on final accuracy. It remains to be understood by which mechanism the presence of class-selective neurons in the early phase of training contributes to the successful training of networks.

Agata Ewa Sowińska

Studium zawiera przekład i opracowanie tekstu hermetycznego z "Antologii" Stobajosa (tzw. Stobaei Hermetica XI). 

Dixon Vimalajeewa, Scott Alan Bruce, Brani Vidakovic

Accurate and efficient detection of ovarian cancer at early stages is critical to ensure proper treatments for patients. Among the first-line modalities investigated in studies of early diagnosis are features distilled from protein mass spectra. This method, however, considers only a specific subset of spectral responses and ignores the interplay among protein expression levels, which can also contain diagnostic information. We propose a new modality that automatically searches protein mass spectra for discriminatory features by considering the self-similar nature of the spectra. Self-similarity is assessed by taking a wavelet decomposition of protein mass spectra and estimating the rate of level-wise decay in the energies of the resulting wavelet coefficients. Level-wise energies are estimated in a robust manner using distance variance, and rates are estimated locally via a rolling window approach. This results in a collection of rates that can be used to characterize the interplay among proteins, which can be indicative of cancer presence. Discriminatory descriptors are then selected from these evolutionary rates and used as classifying features. The proposed wavelet-based features are used in conjunction with features proposed in the existing literature for early stage diagnosis of ovarian cancer using two datasets published by the American National Cancer Institute. Including the wavelet-based features from the new modality results in improvements in diagnostic performance for early-stage ovarian cancer detection. This demonstrates the ability of the proposed modality to characterize new ovarian cancer diagnostic information.

Kevin Li, Haoyang Yang, Anish Upadhayay et al.

Discovering and making sense of relevant research literature is fundamental to becoming knowledgeable in any scientific discipline. Visualization can aid this process; however, existing tools' adoption and impact have often been constrained, such as by their reliance on small curated paper datasets that quickly become outdated or a lack of support for personalized exploration. We introduce Argo Scholar, an open-source, web-based visualization tool for interactive exploration of literature and easy sharing of exploration results. Argo Scholar queries and visualizes Semantic Scholar's live data of almost 200 million papers, enabling users to generate personalized literature exploration results in real-time through flexible, incremental exploration, a common and effective method for researchers to discover relevant work. Our tool allows users to easily share their literature exploration results as a URL or web-embedded IFrame application. Argo Scholar is open-sourced and available at https://poloclub.github.io/argo-scholar/.

AKM Bahalul Haque, AKM Najmul Islam, Sami Hyrynsalmi et al.

Although blockchain-based digital services promise trust, accountability, and transparency, multiple paradoxes between blockchains and GDPR have been highlighted in the recent literature. Some of the recent literature also proposed possible solutions to these paradoxes. This article aims to conduct a systematic literature review on GDPR compliant blockchains and synthesize the findings. In particular, the goal was to identify 1) the GDPR articles that have been explored in prior literature; 2) the relevant research domains that have been explored, and 3) the research gaps. Our findings synthesized that the blockchains relevant GDPR articles can be categorized into six major groups, namely data deletion and modification (Article 16, 17, and 18), protection by design by default (Article 25), responsibilities of controllers and processors (Article 24, 26, and 28), consent management (Article 7), data processing principles and lawfulness (Article 5,6 and 12), and territorial scope (Article 3). We also found seven research domains where GDPR compliant blockchains have been discussed, which include IoT, financial data, healthcare, personal identity, online data, information governance, and smart city. From our analysis, we have identified a few key research gaps and present a future research direction.

Xian Zhan, Tianming Liu, Lingling Fan et al.

Third-party libraries (TPLs) have been widely used in mobile apps, which play an essential part in the entire Android ecosystem. However, TPL is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can ease the development of mobile apps. On the other hand, it also brings security risks such as privacy leaks or increased attack surfaces (e.g., by introducing over-privileged permissions) to mobile apps. Although there are already many studies for characterizing third-party libraries, including automated detection, security and privacy analysis of TPLs, TPL attributes analysis, etc., what strikes us odd is that there is no systematic study to summarize those studies' endeavors. To this end, we conduct the first systematic literature review on Android TPL-related research. Following a well-defined systematic literature review protocol, we collected 74 primary research papers closely related to the Android third-party library from 2012 to 2020. After carefully examining these studies, we designed a taxonomy of TPL-related research studies and conducted a systematic study to summarize current solutions, limitations, challenges and possible implications of new research directions related to third-party library analysis. We hope that these contributions can give readers a clear overview of existing TPL-related studies and inspire them to go beyond the current status quo by advancing the discipline with innovative approaches.

Junhong Goo, Yangheon Lee, Younghoon Lim et al.

We investigate the early coarsening dynamics of an atomic Bose gas quenched into a superfluid phase. Using a two-step quench protocol, we effectively control the cooling rates, $r_1$ and $r_2$, during and after passing through the critical region, respectively, and measure the number of quantum vortices spontaneously created in the system. The latter cooling rate $r_2$ regulates the temperature during the condensate growth, consequently controlling the early coarsening dynamics in the defect formation. We find that the defect number shows a scaling behavior with $r_2$ regardless of the initial cooling rate $r_1$, indicating universal coarsening dynamics in the early stage of condensate growth. Our results demonstrate that early coarsening not only reduces the defect density but also affects its scaling with the quench rate, which is beyond the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.

Marianne Gauffriau

The present review of bibliometric counting methods investigates 1) the number of unique counting methods in the bibliometric research literature, 2) to what extent the counting methods can be categorized according to selected characteristics of the counting methods, 3) methods and elements to assess the internal validity of the counting methods, and 4) to what extent and with which characteristics the counting methods are used in research evaluations. The review identifies 32 counting methods introduced during the period 1981 - 2018. Two frameworks categorize these counting methods. Framework 1 describes selected mathematical properties of counting methods, and Framework 2 describes arguments for choosing a counting method. Twenty of the 32 counting methods are rank-dependent, fractionalized, and introduced to measure contribution, participation, etc. of an object of study. Next, three criteria for internal validity are used to identify five methods that test the adequacy of counting methods, two elements that test sensitivity, and three elements that test homogeneity of the counting methods. These methods and elements may be used to assess the internal validity of counting methods. Finally, a literature search finds research evaluations that use the counting methods. Only three of the 32 counting methods are used by four research evaluations or more. Of these three counting methods, two are used with the same characteristics as defined in the studies that introduced the counting methods. The review provides practitioners in research evaluation and researchers in bibliometrics with a detailed foundation for working with counting methods. At the same time, many of the findings in the review provide bases for future investigations of counting methods.

Stanisław Zarzycki

Artykuł podejmuje temat stworzenia, który obok filozoficznego zagadnienia szukania prawdy i teologiczno-duchowej  confessio stanowi jedno z głównych zagadnień  „Wyznań” Augustyna.  Najpierw autor wskazuje na ważność tego zagadnienia w tym dziele i poszukuje sposobu powiązania go z dwoma odmiennymi tematycznie częściami „Wyznań”, autobiograficzną i egzegetyczną. Dalej ukazuje Augustyna „krętą drogę” poszukiwania prawdy o Stwórcy i stworzeniu wiodącą przez czas błędów młodości i okres zagubienia się w sekcie manichejczyków (materializm, dualizm metafizyczny). Objaśnia zaistniałe u Augustyna, pod wpływem neoplatonizmu  doświadczenie „powrotu do samego siebie” i uzyskanie światła prawdy o Stwórcy i stworzeniu, a potem uzyskanie pod wpływem lektury Słowa Bożego łaski nawrócenia jako daru „nowego stworzenia”. W ostatniej części artykułu autor na podstawie ostatnich ksiąg „Wyznań” przybliża teologię i duchowość „nowego stworzenia” objaśniając je w sensie  dosłownym i alegorycznym.

Christine Betts, Joanna Power, Waleed Ammar

We introduce GrapAL (Graph database of Academic Literature), a versatile tool for exploring and investigating a knowledge base of scientific literature, that was semi-automatically constructed using NLP methods. GrapAL satisfies a variety of use cases and information needs requested by researchers. At the core of GrapAL is a Neo4j graph database with an intuitive schema and a simple query language. In this paper, we describe the basic elements of GrapAL, how to use it, and several use cases such as finding experts on a given topic for peer reviewing, discovering indirect connections between biomedical entities and computing citation-based metrics. We open source the demo code to help other researchers develop applications that build on GrapAL.

Matthew S. Church, Nandini Ananth

The semiclassical Double Herman-Kluk Initial Value Representation is an accurate approach to computing quantum real time correlation functions, but its applications are limited by the need to evaluate an oscillatory integral. In previous work, we have shown that this `sign problem' can be mitigated using the modified Filinov filtration technique to control the extent to which individual modes of the system contribute to the overall phase of the integrand. Here we follow this idea to a logical conclusion: we analytically derive a general expression for the mixed quantum-classical limit of the semiclassical correlation function - AMQC-IVR, where the phase contributions from the `classical' modes of the system are filtered while the `quantum' modes are treated in the full semiclassical limit. We numerically demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the AMQC-IVR formulation in calculations of quantum correlation functions and reaction rates using three model systems with varied coupling strengths between the classical and quantum subsystems. We also introduce a separable prefactor approximation that further reduces the computational cost, but is only accurate in the limit of weak coupling between the quantum and classical subsystems.

Edita Stonkutė, Ross P. Church, Sofia Feltzing et al.

Many field stars reside in binaries, and the analysis and interpretation of photometric and spectroscopic surveys must take this into account. We have developed a model to predict how binaries influence the scientific results inferred from large spectroscopic surveys. Based on the rapid binary evolution code BSE, it allows us to model a representative population of binaries and generate synthetic survey observations. We describe this model in detail, and apply it to the radial velocity variation of subgiant and giant stars in the Galactic disc, as observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. APOGEE provides an excellent data set for testing our binary models since a large fraction of the stars have been observed multiple times. By comparing our model to the APOGEE observations we constrain the initial binary fraction of solar-metallicity stars in the sample to be $f_{\rm b,0}=0.35\pm0.01$, in line with the solar neighbourhood. We find that the binary fraction is higher at lower metallicities, consistent with other observational studies. Our model matches the shape of the high-velocity scatter in APOGEE, which suggests that most velocity variability above 0.5 km/s comes from binaries. Our exploration of binary initial properties shows that APOGEE is mostly sensitive to binaries with periods between 3 and 3000 years, and is largely insensitive to the detailed properties of the population. We can, however, rule out a population where the mass of the lower-mass star is drawn from the IMF independently of its companion.

Maria Hügle, Simon Heller, Manuel Watter et al.

Implantable, closed-loop devices for automated early detection and stimulation of epileptic seizures are promising treatment options for patients with severe epilepsy that cannot be treated with traditional means. Most approaches for early seizure detection in the literature are, however, not optimized for implementation on ultra-low power microcontrollers required for long-term implantation. In this paper we present a convolutional neural network for the early detection of seizures from intracranial EEG signals, designed specifically for this purpose. In addition, we investigate approximations to comply with hardware limits while preserving accuracy. We compare our approach to three previously proposed convolutional neural networks and a feature-based SVM classifier with respect to detection accuracy, latency and computational needs. Evaluation is based on a comprehensive database with long-term EEG recordings. The proposed method outperforms the other detectors with a median sensitivity of 0.96, false detection rate of 10.1 per hour and median detection delay of 3.7 seconds, while being the only approach suited to be realized on a low power microcontroller due to its parsimonious use of computational and memory resources.

M. E. Shultz, G. A. Wade, Th. Rivinius et al.

The rotational and magnetic properties of many magnetic hot stars are poorly characterized, therefore the MiMeS and BinaMIcS collaborations have collected extensive high-dispersion spectropolarimetric datasets of these targets. We present longitudinal magnetic field measurements $\langle B_{\rm z}\rangle$ for 52 early B-type stars (B5 to B0), with which we attempt to determine their rotational periods $P_{\rm rot}$. Supplemented with high-resolution spectroscopy, low-resolution DAO circular spectropolarimetry, and archival Hipparcos photometry, we determined $P_{\rm rot}$ for 10 stars, leaving only 5 stars for which $P_{\rm rot}$ could not be determined. Rotational ephemerides for 14 stars were refined via comparison of new to historical magnetic measurements. The distribution of $P_{\rm rot}$ is very similar to that observed for the cooler Ap/Bp stars. We also measured $v\sin{i}$ and $v_{\rm mac}$ for all stars. Comparison to non-magnetic stars shows that $v\sin{i}$ is much lower for magnetic stars, an expected consequence of magnetic braking. We also find evidence that $v_{\rm mac}$ is lower for magnetic stars. LSD profiles extracted using single-element masks revealed widespread, systematic discrepancies in $\langle B_{\rm z}\rangle$ between different elements: this effect is apparent only for chemically peculiar stars, suggesting it is a consequence of chemical spots. Sinusoidal fits to H line $\langle B_{\rm z}\rangle$ measurements (which should be minimally affected by chemical spots), yielded evidence of surface magnetic fields more complex than simple dipoles in 6 stars for which this has not previously been reported; however, in all 6 cases the second- and third-order amplitudes are small relative to the first-order (dipolar) amplitudes.

Benjamin V. Church, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Philip Mocz

Although highly successful on cosmological scales, Cold Dark Matter (CDM) models predict unobserved over-dense `cusps' in dwarf galaxies and overestimate their formation rate. We consider an ultra-light axion-like scalar boson which promises to reduce these observational discrepancies at galactic scales. The model, known as Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM), avoids cusps, suppresses small-scale power, and delays galaxy formation via macroscopic quantum pressure. We compare the substructure and density fluctuations of galactic dark matter haloes comprised of ultra-light axions to conventional CDM results. Besides self-gravitating subhaloes, FDM includes non-virialized over-dense wavelets formed by quantum interference patterns which are an efficient source of heating to galactic discs. We find that, in the solar neighborhood, wavelet heating is sufficient to give the oldest disc stars a velocity dispersion of $\sim 30 \: \mathrm{km} \: \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ within a Hubble time if energy is not lost from the disc, the velocity dispersion increasing with stellar age as $σ_D \propto t^{0.4}$ in agreement with observations. Furthermore, we calculate the radius-dependent velocity dispersion and corresponding scale height caused by the heating of this dynamical substructure in both CDM and FDM with the determination that these effects will produce a flaring that terminates the Milky Way disc at $15 - 20 \: \mathrm{kpc}$. Although the source of thickened discs is not known, the heating due to perturbations caused by dark substructure cannot exceed the total disc velocity dispersion. Therefore, this work provides a lower bound on the FDM particle mass of $m_a > 0.6 \times 10^{-22} \mathrm{eV}$. Furthermore, FDM wavelets with this particle mass should be considered a viable mechanism for producing the observed disc thickening with time.