OBJECTIVES The number of studies employing artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine and deep learning, is growing fast. The majority of studies suffer from limitations in planning, conduct and reporting, resulting in low robustness, reproducibility and applicability. We here present a consented checklist on planning, conducting and reporting of AI studies for authors, reviewers and readers in dental research. METHODS Lending from existing reviews, standards and other guidance documents, an initial draft of the checklist and an explanatory document were derived and discussed among the members of IADR's e-oral network and the ITU/WHO focus group "Artificial Intelligence for Health (AI4H)". The checklist was consented by 27 group members via an e-Delphi process. RESULTS Thirty-one items on planning, conducting and reporting studies of AI studies were agreed on. These involve items on the study's wider goal, focus, design and specific aims, data sampling and reporting, sample estimation, reference test construction, model parameters, training and evaluation, uncertainty and explainability, performance metrics and data partitions. CONCLUSION Authors, reviewers and readers should consider this checklist when planning, conducting, reporting and evaluating studies on AI in dentistry. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Current studies on AI in dentistry show considerable weaknesses, hampering their replication and application. This checklist may help to overcome this issue and advance AI research as well as facilitate a debate on standards in this fields.
An adequate dentition is of importance for well-being and life quality. Despite advances in preventive dentistry, edentulism is still a major public health problem worldwide. In this narrative review, we provide a perspective on the pathways that link oral to general health. A better understanding of disease indicators is necessary for establishing a solid strategy through an organized oral health care system to prevent and treat this morbid chronic condition.
Rania M. Moussa, A. Alghazaly, Nebras Althagafi
et al.
Abstract In recent years, virtual reality and interactive digital simulations have been used in dental education to train dental students before interacting with real patients. Scientific evidence presented the application of virtual technology in dental education and some recent publications suggested that virtual and haptic technologies may have positive effects on dental education outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether virtual technologies have positive effects on dental education outcomes and to explore the attitudes of dental students and educators toward these technologies. A thorough search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE (via EBSCO), The Cochrane Library (via Wiley), Web of Science Core Collection (via Thomson Reuters), and Dentistry and Oral Science source (via EBSCO) using the keywords (student, dental) AND (education, dental) AND (virtual reality) OR (augmented reality) OR (haptics) OR (simulation) AND (dentistry) OR (dental medicine). The quality of the reported information was assessed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for systematic reviews. A total of 73 publications were considered for this review. Fifty-two of the selected studies showed significant improvement in educational outcomes and virtual technologies were positively perceived by all the participants. Within the limitations of this review, virtual technology appears to improve education outcomes in dental students. Further studies with larger samples and longer term clinical trials are needed to substantiate this potential positive impact of various virtual technologies on dental education outcomes.
Golnoush Farzinnia, Yalda Anvari, Michelle F. Siqueira
One of the most significant public health issues of the twenty-first century is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is responsible for thousands of deaths each year and undermines the efficacy of commonly used antibiotics. In dentistry, the frequent and sometimes inappropriate use of antibiotics, combined with the complexity of the oral microbiome, creates a high-risk environment for the development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Although clinical infections have received most of the attention, dental unit waterlines, dentures, and orthodontic appliances are three reservoirs that play an important but underestimated role in this global crisis. These environments provide perfect conditions for biofilm formation and, further, the survival and growth of resistant microorganisms. This review aims to discuss the origins and mechanisms of AMR, the unrecognized role of these three reservoirs in dental settings, and their contribution to the AMR issue. It also highlights the necessity of strict infection control procedures and targeted antimicrobial stewardship strategies to overcome this growing threat.
S. Mallineni, Srinivasulu Sakhamuri, Sreevani Kotha
et al.
Silver nanoparticles have been a recent focus of many researchers in dentistry, and their potential uses and benefits have drawn attention in dentistry and medicine. The fabrication and utilization of nanoscale substances and structures are at the core of the rapidly developing areas of nanotechnology. They are often used in the dental industry because they prevent bacteria from making nanoparticles, oxides, and biofilms. They also stop the metabolism of bacteria. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a type of zero-dimensional material with different shapes. Dentistry has to keep up with changing patient needs and new technology. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used in dentistry for disinfection and preventing infections in the oral cavity. One of the most interesting metallic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications is silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The dental field has found promising uses for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the elimination of plaque and tartar, as well as the elimination of bacterial and fungal infections in the mouth. The incorporation of AgNPs into dental materials has been shown to significantly enhance patients’ oral health, leading to their widespread use. This review focuses on AgNP synthesis, chemical properties, biocompatibility, uses in various dental fields, and biomaterials used in dentistry. With an emphasis on aspects related to the inclusion of silver nanoparticles, this descriptive review paper also intends to address the recent developments of AgNPs in dentistry.
ABSTRACT In the present case, calcium‐enriched mixture (CEM) cement demonstrated an excellent ability to induce apex maturation in a traumatized and necrotic central incisor of a 7‐year‐old boy with an extremely immature apex.
Basam Ram Chowdary, Tsalla Krishna Ravali, Vemuri Sayesh
et al.
Introduction: Internal Root Resorption (IRR) is the gradual deterioration of dentine due to clastic activity, typically appearing as a radiolucent area in the radicular dentine in communication with the root canal. Bioceramic materials such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are available to restore the resorption cavity, offering biocompatibility and better sealing to the dentine. The present study employs the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method to simulate stress behaviour, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of these materials in reducing stress concentrations and reinforcing structurally compromised teeth. The findings aim to support clinical decision-making for achieving long-term restoration success.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the stress distribution patterns in tooth models with IRR restored with MTA and Biodentine at the apical, middle and coronal thirds, employing FEA.
Materials and Methods: This FEA study was conducted in the Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics department at Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, from June 2024 to August 2024. Seven three-dimensional (3D) FEA models of mandibular first premolars were designed: M1 (IRR at apical third restored with MTA), M2 (IRR at middle third restored with MTA), M3 (IRR at cervical third restored with MTA), M4 (IRR at apical third restored with Biodentine), M5 (IRR at middle third restored with Biodentine), M6 (IRR at cervical third restored with Biodentine) and M7 (control model). A force of 300 N was applied to the buccal side at a 30° inclined angle to the occlusal plane. Linear analysis was conducted to assess the Von Mises stress values along the central XY plane of the tooth model. The maximum and minimum Von Mises stresses were recorded and directly compared for each virtual tooth model.
Results: Stress analysis showed maximum stress concentrations near the edges of the resorption cavities for both materials. In MTA-filled models, peak stress values were 73.35 MPa (apical), 104.35 MPa (middle) and 102.79 MPa (coronal), while Biodentine-filled models showed slightly lower peaks at 72.33 MPa (apical), 103.65 MPa (middle) and 101.86 MPa (coronal). Minimum stress values ranged from 0.0002 MPa to 0.0022 MPa across models, primarily in regions distant from the cavities.
Conclusion: Biodentine exhibited slightly better stress redistribution than MTA, with lower peak stress values across all resorption levels; however, both materials left the cavity edges as critical stress concentration zones. These findings emphasise the need for additional restorative measures to address structural vulnerabilities.
IntroductionDental caries is a prevalent oral disease with a multifactorial etiology. Lactobacillus has been implicated in caries progression on account of its acidogenic properties; On the other hand, they constitute one of the potential probiotic strategies for preventing dental caries. This complex relationship renders the relationship between Lactobacillus and dental caries remains ambiguous.MethodsThe Web of Science core collections (WoSCC) were searched to acquire articles relevant to Lactobacillus and dental caries. After retrieval and manual screening, publications were analyzed by VOSviewer.ResultsSweden, the US, and China, which have been the center of international cooperation, have produced the most publications in the research area. Caries Research is the main counterpart journal in the field. “Dental caries”, “Streptococcus mutans”, “Lactobacilli”, “Probiotics”, and “Children” have been commonly used as keywords.DiscussionBased on bibliometric analysis, this study reviews the relationship between lactobacilli and dental caries, emphasizing their dual roles. The detection rate of lactobacilli is closely associated with the incidence and severity of dental caries. However, under specific environmental conditions, these bacteria also exhibit potential probiotic properties that may aid in the prevention of dental caries. Additionally, Lactobacillus is strongly associated with early childhood caries, a specific type of caries.
N. Jafari, Mina Seyed Habashi, Alireza Hashemi
et al.
Bioactive glasses are a group of bioceramic materials that have extensive clinical applications. Their properties such as high biocompatibility, antimicrobial features, and bioactivity in the internal environment of the body have made them useful biomaterials in various fields of medicine and dentistry. There is a great variation in the main composition of these glasses and some of them whose medical usage has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are called Bioglass. Bioactive glasses have appropriate biocompatibility with the body and they are similar to bone hydroxyapatite in terms of calcium and phosphate contents. Bioactive glasses are applied in different branches of dentistry like periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, esthetic and restorative dentistry. Also, some dental and oral care products have bioactive glasses in their compositions. Bioactive glasses have been used as dental implants in the human body in order to repair and replace damaged bones. Other applications of bioactive glasses in dentistry include their usage in periodontal disease, root canal treatments, maxillofacial surgeries, dental restorations, air abrasions, dental adhesives, enamel remineralization, and dentin hypersensitivity. Since the use of bioactive glasses in dentistry is widespread, there is a need to find methods and extensive resources to supply the required bioactive glasses. Various techniques have been identified for the production of bioactive glasses, and marine sponges have recently been considered as a rich source of it. Marine sponges are widely available and many species have been identified around the world, including the Persian Gulf. Marine sponges, as the simplest group of animals, produce different bioactive compounds that are used in a wide range of medical sciences. Numerous studies have shown the anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic effects of these compounds. Furthermore, some species of marine sponges due to the mineral contents of their structural skeletons, which are made of biosilica, have been used for extracting bioactive glasses.