Hasil untuk "Computational linguistics. Natural language processing"

DR. ZAHEER ABBAS

Milan Kundera is one of the most significant novelists of the modern era, whose fiction persistently interrogates the philosophical, emotional, and existential dimensions of human life. In his novels and short stories, he delves deeply into human existence, revealing new interpretive possibilities with each reading. His works demand active intellectual engagement from readers, as the layered narrative structure generates fresh meanings over time. ‘The Unbearable Lightness of Being’ stands as one of his most complex and philosophically rich novels. The existential dilemmas of modern humanity are explored in this novel with a depth that often rivals cognitive philosophy. The narrative revolves around four central characters who navigate love, jealousy, identity, and complex existential crises shaped by historical pressures. This article examines how Kundera challenges literal interpretation and explores the existential condition of humanity through metaphor and psychological introspection. Kundera advances the narrative through the characters’ inner states, departing from traditional notions of linear storytelling and narrative density. The study analyzes their contrasting emotional and existential conditions and concludes that, despite complexity and uncertainty, human relationships remain enduring, revealing the distinction between authentic and inauthentic bonds during times of crisis.

Jay DeYoung, Stephanie C. Martinez, Iain J. Marshall et al.

Silvia Sifath, Tania Islam, Md Erfan et al.

Cyberbullying is one of the crimes that arise rapidly through the daily use of technology by different types of people and, most notably, by sharing one’s opinions or feelings on social media in a harmful manner. It has several negative effects on society such as depression, anxiety, suicide, and so on. At the same time, it reduces productivity, causes psychological damage that can last a lifetime and increases violence among people. To prevent cyberbullying or take necessary steps against the harasser, the first step is to detect cyberbullying. Several works exist to detect and classify cyberbullying but a few works have been carried out to classify cyberbullying in the Bengali Language. As the number of people is increased day by day who communicate on social media using the Bengali language, it is crucial to address this situation and improve both accuracy and robustness to detect and classify cyberbullying. For this purpose, we propose an NLP-based model using machine learning and deep learning algorithms to detect and classify Bengali comments on social media. This research specifies cyberbullying comments using a multiclass classification strategy. Kaggle and Melany are used to collect the dataset to train and evaluate our model. The dataset contains 56308 Bengali comments, consisting of four distinct categories. The categories are not bully, trolls, sexual, and threats. We use different machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBOOST, Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Deep learning algorithm, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and two fusion models. Along with that effective preprocessing steps are implemented to get a suitable dataset. In this study, the Recurrent Neural Network gives the best accuracy, which is 86%. The accuracy of our model is good enough to help social media users and encourage them to practice morality.

DR. ALI BAYAT, AAMIR BASHIR

Humor is the integral part of human life. To escape the seriousness and pain of life, Satire and Humor writers created various forms of humor to temporarily diminish the impact of the harsh realities of life. All these writers try to spread a smile on the faces of human being. Due to social disorders, issues and domestic situations; cause mental stress for the modern man. Such a job of humorist is like a good psychiatrist who strives to reduce environment pressure through his humor. This article describes the satires on social attitudes in the humorous poetry of Dr. Imran Zafar, who has currently become the source of reducing nervous conflict of human race. In his poetry he described the different aspects of social attitudes in a very derisory Humorous style. His books "CORONA MERY AGY" (کرونا مرے آگے) and "SHER AYA SHER AYA" (شعر آیا شعر آیا) are the masterpiece of humor writings. His sense of jocularity becomes more entertaining and fascinating while describing the life from different angles. This article not only discusses his writing style but also reflects the way Dr. Imran Zafar used to reflect aesthetic sense to show his inclination towards humor as well as he showed the unwanted aspects of social attitudes. After gone through his humorous poetry his satire on social attitudes has been revealed which described for the purpose of making reforms in the society.

Yongqin Sun, Peibei Ma, Jinjin Dai et al.

Abstract The battlefield situation changes rapidly because underwater targets' are concealment and the sea environment is uncertain. So, a great number of situation information greatly increase, which need to be dealt with in the course of scouting underwater targets. Situation assessment in sea battlefield with a lot of uncertain information is studied, and a new situation assessment method of scouting underwater targets with fixed‐wing patrol aircraft is proposed based on the cloud Bayesian network, which overcomes the deficiency of the single cloud model in reasoning ability and the defect of Bayesian network in knowledge representation. Moreover, in the method, the cloud model knowledge deal with the input data of Bayesian network reasoning, and the advantages in knowledge representation of cloud theory and reasoning of Bayesian network are applied; also, the fuzziness and stochasticity of cloud theory in knowledge expression, the reasoning ability of Bayesian network, are combined. Then, the situation assessment model of scouting underwater targets with fixed‐wing patrol aircraft is established. Hence, the directed acyclic graph of Bayesian network structure is constructed and the assessment index is determined. Next, the cloud model is used to deal with Bayesian network, and the discrete Bayesian network is obtained. Moreover, after CPT of each node and the transformation between certainty degree and probability are accomplished; the final situation level is obtained through a probability synthesis formula. Therefore, the target type and the operational intention of the other side are deduced to form the battlefield situation. Finally, simulations are carried out, and the rationality and validity of the proposed method are testified by simulation results. By this method, the battlefield situation can be gained. And this method has a wider application range, especially for large sample data processing, and it has better practicability.

Fausto Cercignani

The aim of this paper is to present a detailed analysis of the relevant material concerning lengthening of the Middle High German short accented vowels with a view to establishing the actual conditions under which this change operated. Special attention is given to the relevant, controversial developments in an open syllable, where lengthening is shown to have been regular not only before voiced consonants but also before the only available voiceless consonant, namely /t/. Apparent exceptions with a short vowel are shown to reflect phonological variants inherited from earlier stages of the language. The whole phenomenon of lengthening is discussed in a diachronic perspective which involves other changes, such as diphthongization, monophthongization, and shortening. Moreover, the conditioned mergers of the relevant short vowels with their long counterparts are presented in the wider context of the subsequent development of the Middle High German vowels, with special regard to the changes that affected /e/, /ɛ/, /æ/ and /e:/, /æ:/.

Corrado Bellifemine, Camille Dupret

Referential gestures emerge early during children’s development. Growing up, they gradually master several multimodal resources and elaborate more complex discourse, using referring expressions often accompanied by gestures that increasingly correspond to the linguistic context and specificities of the interactional setting. Narratives are a complex discursive genre in which the management of referential chains remains difficult for the child for a long time, and gestures may be used to clarify ambiguous referring expressions. We collected 16 narratives of French 7-9 year old children in two distinct interactional settings. 8 children produced narratives from a textless set of pictures visually shared with the observer, and 8 children recounted a story to their mother after watching a cartoon. The gestures associated to the mention of entities were analysed according to several parameters: the setting, the type of gesture, the form of the referring expression, the animacy of the referent, and the position on the referential chain. These factors were found to have little effect on the density of gestures produced. At the qualitative level, more iconic gestures were produced in the absence of the shared medium, especially when the referent was maintained, regardless of the animacy of the referent and the linguistic form chosen. On the other hand, in the presence of the set of pictures more deictic gestures were produced, especially with pronominal forms to maintain reference. Our results show that children are sensitive to the interactional setting and the knowledge shared with the interlocutor.

Fabio Ciotti

Since Franco Moretti coined the successful term distant reading, quantitative/computational text analysis methods have gained wide circulation in literary studies. The diffusion of distant reading approaches has raised a lively debate and has attracted various criticisms, both from “traditional literary scholars” and from self-critical adopters. One important reason underlying these critical positions is the fact that it lacks sound and coherent rationales from the point of view of the theory: distant reading is the first methodology in literary studies that does not come with a theory of literature embedded in it. Consequently, all distant reading studies derive their theoretical frameworks and terms from literary theories that mostly rely on the notion that literary texts can be explained only by the way of interpretation. On what grounds, then, can we construct a theory of literature amenable to distant reading methods? I think that the better theoretical frameworks are the cognitive and bio-evolutionistic approaches to literature and cultural evolution studies. These theoretical approaches require a change in the level of description of the literary domain and justify the move from "interpretation" to "explanation" as the real aim of the scholarly inquiry.

Rebecca J. Passonneau, Bob Carpenter

Mohammad Sadegh Rasooli, Michael Collins

Mohammad Taher Pilehvar, Roberto Navigli

Галина Морозова

Статтю присвячено лінгвостилістичному та лінгвопоетичному аналізам поезії "i carry your heart with me" американського поета Е.Е. Каммінгса на рівнях семіотики та метасеміотики. Також у роботі висвітлено сутність та структуру лінгвостилістичного та лінгвопоетичного аналізів художнього тексту, уточнено механізми створення естетичного впливу на читача. Досліджено основні закономірності використання Е.Е. Каммінгсом прийомів і засобів для реалізації концепції автора та складових ідейно-художнього змісту, естетико-образної функції слова. Ключові слова: лінгвопоетика; лінгвостилістика; семіотика; метасеміотика; девіація; Е.Е. Каммінгс.

Spence Green, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher D. Manning

Gajanan Tudavekar, Sanjay R. Patil, Sanjay R. Patil et al.

Video inpainting is a technique that fills in the missing regions or gaps in a video by using its known pixels. The existing video inpainting algorithms are computationally expensive and introduce seam in the target region that arises due to variation in brightness or contrast of the patches. To overcome these drawbacks, the authors propose a novel two-stage framework. In the first step, sub-bands of wavelets of a low-resolution image are obtained using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform. Criminisi algorithm and auto-regression technique are then applied to these sub-bands to inpaint the missing regions. The fuzzy logic-based histogram equalisation is used to further enhance the image by preserving the image brightness and improve the local contrast. In the second step, the image is enhanced using super-resolution technique. The process of down-sampling, inpainting and subsequently enhancing the video using the super-resolution technique reduces the video inpainting time. The framework is tested on video sequences by comparing and analysing the structural similarity index matrix, peak-signal-to-noise ratio, visual information fidelity in pixel domain and execution time with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The experimental analysis gives visually pleasing results for object removal and error concealment.

Javier Caro Reina

This paper examines the strategies for profiling the phonological word in Alemannic, applying the typology of syllable and word languages. The diagnostic criteria selected for assessing the relevance of the phonological word include syllable structure, phonotactic restrictions, and word-profiling processes. Following on from previous synchronic and diachronic analyses (Nübling/Schrambke 2004; Szczepaniak 2007), I will provide a detailed account of the phonological word in Old Alemannic and in modern Alemannic dialects, which include Upper-Rhine Alemannic, Swabian, and South Alemannic. It will be shown that the relevance of the phonological word gradually increased in Alemannic, as can be gleaned from processes such as unstressed vowel reduction, unstressed vowel deletion, and consonant epenthesis. While vowel reduction created strong asymmetries between stressed and unstressed syllables, unstressed vowel deletion and consonant epenthesis increased syllable complexity at word and morpheme boundaries. In addition, Swabian was found to contain more word-related features than Upper-Rhine Alemannic and South Alemannic. Thus, the typology of syllable and word languages contributes to a better understanding of language variation and change in Alemannic.

Azeddine ELMOUATASSIM

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التأكيد على القيمة النوعية التي اكتسبها الشعر الملحون، حيث أصبح يحفل بجملة من القضايا والمضامين الأكثر تأثيرا في الوجدان المغربي، أهمها ظاهرة التصوف. الأمر الذي استدعى طرح بعض الأسئلة والقضايا للتأمل والدرس من قبيل: كيف تحركت مخيّلة شعراء الملحون بين العامي والفصيح؟ ما هي تجليات المتخيّل الجمعي المغربي في مجال التصوف من خلال الشعر الملحون؟ كيف تتجلى خصوصيات أدب العامّة الذي ينتمي إلى الثقافة الشفهية؟ هذه الأسئلة تغري بالبحث في لغة الملحون التي تفصح عن الوجدان الجمعي للمغاربة. تسعى الدراسة إلى رصد تجليات مدح أقطاب/ أولياء التصوف في الشعر الملحون من خلال الدواوين الشعرية الصادرة عن أكاديمية المملكة المغربية، بعدما تأكّدنا أن تجربة الإبداع الصوفي بلغت ذروتها عند شعراء متميزين، أمثال: الشيخ عبد القادر العلمي والشيخ أحمد الگندوز والشيخ التهامي المدغري والشيخ ادريس السنّاني والسلطان مولاي عبد الحفيظ.

Qili Deng, Shuai Wu, Jie Wen et al.

In recent years, instance-level-image retrieval has attracted massive attention. Several researchers proposed that the representations learned by convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used for image retrieval task. In this study, the authors propose an effective feature encoder to extract robust information from CNN. It consists of two main steps: the embedding step and the aggregation step. Moreover, they apply the multi-task loss function to train their model in order to make the training process more effective. Finally, this study proposes a novel representation policy that encodes feature vectors extracted from different layers to capture both local patterns and semantic concepts from deep CNN. They call this ‘multi-level-image representation’, which could further improve the performance. The proposed model is helpful to improve the retrieval performance. For the sake of comprehensively evaluating the performance of their approach, they conducted ablation experiments with various convolutional NN architectures. Furthermore, they apply their approach to a concrete challenge – Alibaba large-scale search challenge. The results show that their model is effective and competitive.

Kejun Wang, Haolin Wang, Meichen Liu et al.

Person re-identification (Re-ID) is a fundamental subject in the field of the computer vision technologies. The traditional methods of person Re-ID have difficulty in solving the problems of person illumination, occlusion and attitude change under complex background. Meanwhile, the introduction of deep learning opens a new way of person Re-ID research and becomes a hot spot in this field. This study reviews the traditional methods of person Re-ID, then the authors focus on the related papers about different person Re-ID frameworks on the basis of deep learning, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, they propose the direction of further research, especially the prospect of person Re-ID methods based on deep learning.

Han Ren, Yafeng Ren, Xia Li et al.

Chang Zhou, Yuzhao Mao, Xiaojie Wang