Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

PANDURU ANDREI-DORIAN , STAN FLORIN ALEXANDRU, MIHĂIȚĂ ICHIM ALEXANDRU et al.

Online commerce has become a fundamental pillar of the contemporary global economy, redefining the way businesses and consumers interact through its wide accessibility and the flexibility it offers. This form of commerce allows consumers to access products and services globally, at any time, while also making it easier for businesses to access international markets without the need for physical space. At the same time, through the use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence and advanced data analysis, online commerce offers a highly personalized shopping experience oriented to the individual needs of consumers. However, the development of online commerce also comes with a number of major challenges. Data security risks, dependence on high-performance technology infrastructures and intense competition between platforms are just some of the difficulties that companies must manage in order to remain competitive. Within this digital ecosystem, business models such as B2C (Business to Consumer), B2B (Business to Business) and C2C (Consumer to Consumer) are constantly adapting to meet the demands of a constantly changing market. As innovative technologies such as augmented reality and mobile commerce become an integral part of the online shopping experience, e-commerce is solidifying its pivotal role in the global economy. This article examines the impact of these trends on the market and on consumer behaviour, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges that online commerce brings in a digitized world.

João Vinícius França Carvalho, Nathalia Costa Fonseca, Daniel Bagatini

A produção agrícola no Brasil representa cerca de 6,9% do PIB e está fortemente exposta a riscos climáticos. Apesar de sua relevância econômica, os efeitos de eventos climáticos adversos sobre os sinistros de seguros agrícolas ainda são pouco conhecidos. Este trabalho avalia os efeitos de variáveis climáticas sobre os sinistros diretos em seguros agrícolas, por meio de modelos de econometria espacial com dados em painel. São utilizados dados oficiais do mercado segurador brasileiro e de medições meteorológicas, mensalmente entre jan/2006 e ago/2023, totalizando 5.460 observações de 26 estados brasileiros. Todos os modelos espaciais estimados apontam consistentemente que as variáveis climáticas estão fortemente associadas aos sinistros. Particularmente, a precipitação não apresenta efeito direto significante, apenas quando afeta simultaneamente múltiplos vizinhos (e.g., enchentes e alagamentos). Já a força do vento e a umidade (indicador principal de secas, se baixa, e de geadas, se elevada e concomitante a baixas temperaturas) são fatores relevantes para explicar os sinistros. Observa-se, também, concentração de prêmios emitidos nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, sugerindo riscos potenciais de concentração geográfica. Os achados podem apoiar (res)seguradoras na diversificação e precificação de portfólios. Também oferecem subsídios a agricultores e formuladores de políticas públicas na mitigação de perdas e alocação de recursos.

Rise Results

 The colours, style, and design of the artwork featured on the cover page of this special issue were used as a logo for a conference organized by the Bras d’Or Lakes Collaborative Environmental Planning Initiative (CEPI), held at the Membertou Convention Centre in Nova Scotia in 2023. The theme of the conference was “Honouring Two-Eyed Seeing: Turning Vision Into Action.”  The artwork was inspired by the works of Loretta Gould and was created by Steven Rolls, Director of Creative Services at Rise Results, specifically for this conference.

PÎRVU RAMONA, PÎRVU CERASELA, TĂRBUJARU TUDOR et al.

Digitalization plays a key role in transforming the labor market, influencing employers' requirements and the skills needed by employees. This research explores the complexity of the relationship between digitization and workplace dynamics, highlighting the impact of emerging technologies, automation and artificial intelligence on employment structures and productivity. Bibliometric analysis helps to identify trends in employment, adapt education and training strategies, and address the challenges of the transition to a digital economy. The studies highlight phenomena such as job polarization, increasing demand for digital skills and the inequalities generated by digitalization. In this context, researchers focus on the ways in which digitization is transforming not only jobs but also the socio-economic structure, highlighting the need for adaptive policies to ensure an equitable transition in the face of these rapid changes.

Omar Mahieddine MAHMOUD, Chahrazed MOUZAOUI

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل دور المصارف الإسلامية في إقامة سوق مالية إسلامية مشتركة، حيث أن إقامة هذا السوق تعتبر أحد أهم التحديات الكبرى في طريق تطبيق نظريات الاقتصاد الإسلامي، وتكمن أهمية الدراسة في تبيان العلاقة المتبادلة بين المصارف الإسلامية والسوق المالي الإسلامي من أجل تحقيق سوق مالية إسلامية، ذات مصداقية شرعية و كفاءة اقتصادية، وكانت التجربة الماليزية  موذجا باعتبارها النموذج الأمثل للصناعة المالية الإسلامية. كما تظهر الدراسة أن للمصارف ا لإسلامية دور مهم وععال في إقامة سوق مالية إسلامية مشتركة لان أهداعها وأسسها هو محتوى هذه الأسواق  معاملاتها، حيث تنسجم وتتطابق مع معطيات الشريعة الإسلامية العقائدية والاقتصادية. الكلمات المفتاحية : المصارف الإسلامية، السوق المالي الإسلامي، الضوابط الشرعية، التجربة الماليزية  This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic banks in establishing a common Islamic financial market, as the establishment of this market is one of the most important major challenges in the way of applying theories of Islamic economics, and the importance of the study lies in showing the mutual relationship between Islamic banks and the Islamic financial market in order to achieve an Islamic financial market, with credibility of legitimacy and economic efficiency. The Malaysian experience was a model as the ideal model for the Islamic financial industry. The study also shows that Islamic banks have an important and effective role in establishing a common Islamic financial market because their objectives and foundations are the content of these markets and their transactions, where they are consistent and conform to the doctrinal and economic data of Islamic Principles.

ZAMFIR IONUT-FLORIN

This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive view on the evolution of the Romania’s exports between 2018-2022 and its interdependence with imported goods and foreign direct investments in the same period. This topic is particularly relevant nowadays since world is going thru multiple crises that indicates turbulent times at least on short and medium term. Romania, with a long-term war at its borders, is facing the biggest challenges after the 2008 financial crisis and need to understand its current status quo on the international trade and areas on which should focus to obtain a competitive advantage through cost, differentiation, or both. These tempestuous times are an opportunity for Romania to address the current challenges and to assure a transition to a stronger and resilient economy. Therefore, the paper will analysis the Romania competitiveness in the international trade in the current context and will offer a view on the potential competitive advantages. Besides capturing the evolution of exports, imports and foreign direct investments, the paper includes recommendations that could be valuable for exporting companies and the government of Romania in understanding the potential actions that could be taken to obtain a competitive advantage.

Boubaker Dhehibi, Samar Zaidi, Mohamed Zied Dhraief et al.

The objective of this paper is to examine the resilience of households to food insecurity and to identify the determinants of this resilience in two study areas: Kairouan and Zaghouan. The study relied on a cross-sectional database collected from 671 smallholder farmers. Multivariate techniques including factor analysis and linear regression models were used to measure resilience and identify its determinants. The results indicate that the levels of vulnerability and resilience are different depending on the specificity of the region. In Zaghouan, 63% of agricultural households are vulnerable and 28% of households are very resilient. On the other hand, 51% of households surveyed are vulnerable in Kairouan and 42% of households are very resilient. The results reveal that the most important determinants of household resilience to food insecurity are income and access to food, ownership of assets, and access to basic services. The "climate change" negatively affect household resilience and should be further investigated in the long term. Interventions must target strategies that address the different levels of resilience reflected by the resilience estimators.

CORINA-FLORENTINA SCARLAT (MIHAI)

The issue of public debt has returned to the fore with the rapid rise in the Covid-19 pandemic, but also with the recent rise in interest rates. Thus, questions arise about its sustainability and the need for fiscal consolidation. Therefore, in this article I will analyze the evolution of public debt in the European Union. In the new economic context, I will also focus on sustainability, given that public debt levels for many states are very high. These levels could create problems in terms of refinancing or even sustaining the current budget deficits. Thus, the idea of fiscal consolidation appears, this being the most probable topic of interest for the coming years at the level of the public agenda in the European Union.

VICTOR MUNTEANU, MARILENA ZUCA,, ADRIANA HORAICU et al.

After a long period of transition in which it aims to strengthen the rule of law and the specific institutions of a modern democracy, Romania today has a stable economy with the chance to become a leading country in the European Community through a new economic project that will channel all the energies of the decision makers towards a sustainable economic development. The main objective is to define a vision that provides the societal consensus on the main areas and action measures aimed at placing Romania on the path of sustainable development, which would translate, in economic language, by the convergence of GDP / capita with the level of European countries. There are at least three major directions: the nature of competition, the formation of industrial agglomerations, the use of high technology, as well as documents designed to support and complement the strategic directions of sustainable development in Romania with: national development policies, strategies and plans. continuous concern. In the documents regarding Romania's position regarding the sustainable economic development, these three directions are still based on vulnerable foundations. The sustainability of economic growth is not given exclusively by the share of consumption-investment-export engines, but the growth rate of the total productivity of the factors has a greater relevance. Therefore, in this scientific approach we will present an analysis of the historical gap of Romania, compared to the European Union in key areas of sustainable development, we will develop a series of policies and strategies to reduce the obvious gap between Romania and European Union countries and an analysis of the factors influencing their financial indicators specific to a sustainable economy.

NELA ȘTELIAC , DUMITRU ŞTELIAC

The present paper brings to attention the evolution of higher education in Romania after 1989, carrying out in this sense a quantitative analysis through the prism of specific indicators. The Romanian higher education has undergone great transformations in the last 30 years. Two major periods were identified in its evolution: the first being the expansion and the second, contraction. In the first stage, the number of universities, the number of faculties, the number of enrolled students, the number of graduates increased exponentially. Also, although not at the same pace as the number of students, the number of teachers serving universities has also increased. Starting with 2005, the Bologna system was adopted, which involved switching to the three cycles. Gradually, evening education disappeared. There have been changes in the structure of specializations by reducing the share of students enrolled in technical specializations in favor of those from economic, law science and university-pedagogical specializations. In the second stage there was a certain contraction of higher education, determined by the reduction of the birth rate, the emigration of the population after 1990, the emigration of high school graduates to study abroad, the reduction of the quality of higher education. Most of the school population in tertiary education is made up of undergraduate students. In terms of forms of education, the largest share is held by students in full-time learning education.

Mahmoud Khader El-Jafari, Rico Ihle, Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel

Political instabilities and violent political conflict have in recent years risen substantially throughout the world. Especially in the Middle East and North Africa they have grown to decisive factors permanently challenging the livelihoods of millions. We assess whether and to what extent varying intensities of conflict impact economic activity in Palestine which has been subject to substantial violent political conflict for decades. In particular, we analyse the relationship between various intensity levels of political instability measured by conflict-caused fatalities and uncertainty of weekly food prices in the West Bank between 2004 and 2011 using a GARCH model. We consider four food commodities covering vegetables, fruits and animal products. Banana and milk prices are found not to show clustered volatility while onion and pear prices do. The impact of varying conflict intensities on weekly average prices appears to be modest. This might suggest that effects happen on a temporally and geographically more disaggregated scale.

TRINCU-DRĂGUŞIN CRISTINA-PETRINA

This paper falls within the category of those about the external public audit in Romania and is intended to be an investigative approach through which we propose to bring in the light of the scientific reflectors certain significant landmarks in the field, starting from the premise that it is a subject of considerable interest from multiple directions. In the described context, the coordinates of the article focus on the topical elements of the approached field and include conceptual delimitations regarding the external public audit, normative approaches in our country, aspects regarding the organization, functioning and management of the supreme audit institution, the presentation of competencies, the field of application for the activities of the Romanian Court of Accounts, as well as its specific attributions related to the external public audit. At the end of the paper, the conclusions on the debated topic are outlined.

CHIRCULESCU MARIA FELICIA

The budget is a tool of territorial administrative units of financial and budgetary policy in which the state intervenes in the economy at the local level, having a major impact on general government.Through the decentralization processes that are increasingly debated and applied, the paper aims to highlight the importance of the territorial administrative unit budgets in the consolidated budget in Romania.Thus, the work comprises both theoretical notions concerning the presentation of the consolidated state budget and the budget of the territorial administrative units. The relevance of the work lies in the importance of general government in the regulation of macroeconomic balances by sizing or macroeconomic imbalances, with modern methods that analyze the possibilities and effects of new types of deficits or surpluses in the public sector.

ANGHELUȚĂ PETRICĂ SORIN

In the recent years, there has been observed a degradation of the environment. This has negative effects on human activities. Besides the influence of the environment on people, also the economic crisis had a negative contribution. The imbalances manifested in the environment influence the economic systems. This article presents an analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions. Also, there is a link between the greenhouse gas emissions and the economic development. In the situation in which the environmental pollution is increasingly affecting humanity, the transition to an economy with reduced greenhouse gas emissions appears to be a viable solution. This transition provides a number of opportunities, as well. Therefore, one of these opportunities is the one related to the employment. In this regard, retraining people working in polluting industries is very important

SILVIU EDUARD DINCA

During the past few years, in the recent post-crisis aftermath, global asset managers are constantly searching new ways to optimize their investment portfolios while financial and banking institutions around the world are exploring new alternatives to better secure their financing and refinancing demands altogether with the enhancement of their risk management capabilities. We will exhibit herewith a comparison between the balance-sheet and arbitrage CDO securitizations as financial markets-based funding, investment and risks mitigation techniques, highlighting certain key structuring and implementation specifics on each of them.

MARIA POPESCU, ALEXANDRU GRIBINCEA

Climate policies are fundamental for the future of our planet, while a truly European energy policy is a key factor for our competitiveness.It`s mandatory a new European energy policy which must accept the real energetic motivations regarding sustainability and greenhouse gas, security of supply and dependence on imports, competitiveness and efficient functioning of the internal energy market. An ambitious target of 40% reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases for 2030 is the cornerstone of the most efficient in terms of cost on our path towards a low-carbon dioxide. And at least 27% target for renewable energy is an important signal to investors to provide stability, boost green jobs and support security of supply. Using renewable energy sources (wind, solar and photovoltaic, biomass and biofuels, geothermal and heat pumps) undeniably contributes to limiting climate change. In addition, it helps to secure energy supplies and to create and increase employment in Europe, thanks to increasing local energy production and consumption.

TEODORESCU CRISTIAN DRAGOS

The financial and economic crisis that began in 2007 and deeply felt in Romania from 2008 affected the real economy and had a profound impact on the whole society. This study seeks the impact of the crisis on the evolution of taxes in Romania and in the European Union. The main fiscal evolutions are analyzed from the point of view of the personal and corporate taxes, social contributions, taxes on property, related with the development of national and European macroeconomic indicators. Based on official data for 2008-2012, I processed and interpreted the data, reaching conclusions on taxation in our country and in Europe. Thus I concluded that Romania has a low rate on incomes, profit or dividend tax. At European level the progressive taxation is used by most states, to the detriment of the flat one. The taxes and fees quotas vary from state to state, but are subject to Community and national legal regulations. In terms of revenue structure, Romania follows the European trend in that indirect revenues is the primarily budgetary resource.

DOBRIN IONEL GABRIEL

The international economy is marked by a multitude of base mutations, which re-shape the intricacy of interdependencies based on which it functions. The development of the informational society and the continuous adaptation of economic structure to the rapid changes that happen globally virtually place all nations in a continuous restructuring and transition process. Two main dynamic and interdependent forces lead this process, that is: the strengthening of the world economy globalisation process and the appearance and development of regional economic arrangements. The treaty regarding the constitution of the European Union comprises a series of regulations which refer directly to ensure of the Community industry's competitively - related conditions. This is achieved through a complex system of open and competitive markets.

SUCIU TITUS

After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the euro, we come to the conclusionthat we are not ready to accomplish this objective. Practically, we are not competitive, but adopting the euroshould be our goal. In what concerns Romania ’s national interest, we propose targeting the following domains:automotive industry, ecologic agriculture, education and research. The solution is in the triad: work –organization – innovation.

Allen J. Scott