This is a review of In the Footsteps of the Etruscans: Changing Landscapes around Tuscania from Prehistory to Modernity by Graeme Barker and Tom Rasmussen, published in 2023 by Cambridge University Press.
Maciej Sykut, Jens-Christian Svenning, Alejandro Gloria Ordonez
et al.
The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the few remnant species of the European Pleistocene megafauna. It occupies a wide range of habitats across the Holarctic, yet the factors shaping the species’ realized ecological niche over time remain poorly understood. To investigate these dynamics, we analysed published stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from 623 bone collagen samples spanning 21,000 years in Europe. The δ13C values, considered as a proxy for feeding habitat, demonstrate that red deer foraged in open landscapes during the Late Pleistocene, whereas in the Holocene they primarily inhabited forested environments. Although δ15N was expected to reflect dietary changes associated with this habitat shift, our analysis reveals that its variability was more strongly associated with climatic fluctuations. Notably, the species’ isotopic niche expanded from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene but has since contracted toward the present. To assess the factors shaping these niche dynamics, we modelled the influence of mean annual temperature, precipitation, human population density, and elevation. Our results demonstrate that temperature, precipitation, and human activity best explain isotopic variability. Yet, while environmental changes conditioned niche dynamics in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, the marked human demographic expansion of the Middle Holocene led to anthropogenic pressures becoming the dominant driver. Against this backdrop, we propose potential future scenarios for this species, considering its ecological plasticity, human encroachment, and the implications of ongoing environmental change for conservation and rewilding.
In the view of the Marxist philosopher Domenico Losurdo, liberalism is ‘the most dogged enemy of freedom’. This surprising statement runs contrary to the received wisdom among liberal thinkers. Losurdo and other ‘counter-historians’ of liberalism are very effective at exposing the historical atrocities that liberal states have committed, and which have been supported by liberal philosophers – including slavery, racism, genocide, and the subjugation of the working class. But what implications, if any, does this have for contemporary theory? I will argue that there is an important contemporary variation of this ‘counter-history’. Liberalism-in-practice is currently implicated in various forms of environmental degradation and resulting structural violence against disempowered groups. Moreover, divorcing these failings of liberalism-in-practice from liberalism-in-theory is a challenging philosophical endeavour, because even the philosophy of liberalism has difficulties adjusting to environmental issues. The contemporary version of the counter-history thus presents a powerful although not decisive challenge, one worthy of greater discussion.
This study is based on a mixed figure on a ring stone from the Roman period (1st – 2nd. century AD) preserved in the Konya Archaeology Museum. This figure is seen as a combination of four elements: a horse protome, a Silenus mask body, rooster feet and a ram’s head. This depiction, which is encountered in different typologies in Antiquity, is called Grylloi. A Greek-Roman word, widely used on ring stones since the 1st century BC, this depiction is also known by other names such as mask-animal, multi-headed creatures and fantastic concoction. These beings, usually depicted on oval rings with easily workable jasper stones, were thought to be worn as talismans or amulets with an apotropaic function. In this way, they were probably intended to ward off evil, possibly as amulets.
إنَّ أسلوب النداء ظاهرة لغوية متكاملة على مستويات اللغة (الصوت، والصرف، والدلالة والتداولية)، وهذه الظاهرة لا يمكن دراسة ومعرفة أي مستوى منها بغض النظر عن المستويات الأُخر، وما يحصل من فصل بينهم هنا فيكون لغايات البحث والدراسة، فارتأت الباحثة دراسة هذا الأسلوب ضمن مستويين من مستويات اللغة، المستوى النحوي وما يرتبط به من مستوى دلالي، وانتهجتْ لذلك منهجاً وصفياً تحليلاً لوصف نحوية هذا الأسلوب وبيان دلالته، معتمدةً رؤية العلماء في وصف أساليب النداء الوارد ة في هذا الدعاء، وتحليلها تحليلاً نحوياً دلالياً وفق ما يقتضيه السياق الذي يرد فيه، لذا ارتكز البحث على أمرين هما: دراسة نحوية أسلوب النداء في دعاء كميل، واستنباط المعاني الدلالية التي يمكن قراءتها واستنتاجها من صيغ النداء في كل مقطع من مقاطع هذا الدعاء، وهذا يتطلب من الدارس ربط أسلوب النداء بالظروف والمقامات التي استخدم فيها؛ للكشف عن المعاني الدلالية المتولدة فيه.
To solve the problem of fatigue of the UAV operator during long-term search and reconnaissance missions, a research hardware and software complex was created, in which the positioning of the auxiliary UAV video camera with a narrow field of view is carried out. Dynamixel Library for MATLAB and Simulink was used to organize the interaction of actuators with the virtual environment, which allows combining positioning and image analysis subsystems in a single virtual environment. The results of an experimental study of the 2DCAM virtual-physical system are given.
Abstract This paper innovatively applies smart wearable devices to college sports flipped classrooms, using the photoelectric volumetric method to measure blood oxygen pulse and monitor heart rate during exercise, and realizing the calculation and measurement of exercise status by detecting the discrimination between peak exercise and normal exercise threshold. The sports-flipped classroom will improve the quality of physical education by using intelligent sports equipment to enable students to learn independently and teachers to guide them at the right time. The results show that there is a significant difference in the cognition of college students’ sports behavior in the duration of using smart wearable devices (P=0.044), and the frequency and time of using smart wearable devices will have a very significant impact on sports intensity (P<0.01). There were significant differences (P < 0.01) in height, 50-meter run, seated forward bend, and 800/1000 meters, and no significant differences in weight (P = 0.824), blood oxygen level, heart rate, and gait after smart device sports flipped classroom instruction. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in “novelty, negativity, attention, exploratory, enjoyment, and positivity” in the experimental group after the flipped classroom teaching of sports with intelligent devices, and the negativity showed a significant decreasing trend.
In the expression of Japanese giving and receiving, "te morau" is characterized by wide application, complex and varied usage, and changes in grammatical functions according to different contexts, etc. and often becomes one of the difficulties for Chinese, Japanese learners. Taking "te moraute morau" sentence as the research object, this paper analyzes the example sentences extracted from the corpus sorts out its usage from the aspect of causative and reactive voice, the benefactive and non-benefactive construction, and analyzes its grammatical function. Through the investigation and analysis of this paper, it is found that the usage of "te moraute morau" sentence can be divided into two categories, namely, benefactive expression and non-benefactive expression, both of which have causative and passive grammatical functions. In the extracted example sentences, the causative usage of the receiving subject as the heartless object is not observed, the reason is that the nonliving thing cannot actively promote the occurrence of the action. Non-benefactive usage of the receiving subject and the subject of action is limited to a character and don’t include nonliving things. This paper has a certain enlightening effect to Japanese learners, and can be of value to Japanese teaching. Япон хэлний өгөх, авах утгат туслах үйл үг -te morau хэллэгийн утга, хэрэглээний онцлог Хураангуй: Япон хэлэнд “-ж өгөх”, “-ж авах” хэмээх утга илэрхийлдэг -te morau туслах үйл үг нь яриа ба бичгийн хэлэнд утгын өргөн хүрээнд хэрэглэгддэг, олон хэрэглээтэй, хэлний орчны харилцан адилгүй нөхцөл байдлаас шалтгаалан хэл зүйн утга ч өөрчлөгддөг нь суралцагчдын хувьд сурах бэрхшээлүүдийн нэг болдог юм. Энэхүү өгүүлэлдээ хэлний материалын сангаас -te morau туслах үйл үг бүхий өгүүлбэрийг түүвэрлэн авч утга, хэрэглээнд дүн шинжилгээ хийхэд тустай (benefactive) болон тусгүй (non-benefactive) утгын илэрхийлэл гэсэн хоёр ангилалд хуваагдаж, мөн тус тус идэвхт байдал, идэвхгүй байдлын хэмээх утга агуулдаг болохыг олж мэдлээ. Түлхүүр үг: утга, тустай, тусгүй утга, идэвхт, идэвхгүй байдал
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal establecer, por medio de un análisis iconográfico, las características de estereotipos de feminidad y roles de género de las muñecas de las Princesas Disney y sus posibles coincidencias con figurillas prehispánicas. Esta aproximación iconográfica se ayuda de la antropología de género que coloca en evidencia cómo la sociedad adopta la domesticidad a su contexto temporal y social.
This essay historicizes the concept of nature in French anarchist pedagogy around 1900. I argue that anarchist cosmology was not dualist in the sense that it did not neatly separate the natural from the cultural or social. Nature was rather understood as an ever-evolving realm that encompassed nonhuman and human entities. This example should encourage historical scholarship to look more deeply into what anthropologists sometimes call “naturalist ontology”. Instead of conceiving it as a fixed worldview, we should investigate its genealogy, transformations, and contestations.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Civilization
Rather than assume a unitary cybernetics, I ask how its disunity mattered to the history of the human sciences in the United States from about 1940 to 1980. I compare the work of four prominent social scientists – Herbert Simon, George Miller, Karl Deutsch, and Talcott Parsons – who created cybernetic models in psychology, economics, political science, and sociology with the work of anthropologist Gregory Bateson, and relate their interpretations of cybernetics to those of such well-known cyberneticians as Norbert Wiener, Warren McCulloch, W. Ross Ashby, and Heinz von Foerster. I argue that viewing cybernetics through the lens of disunity – asking what was at stake in choosing a specific cybernetic model – shows the complexity of the relationship between first-order cybernetics and the postwar human sciences, and helps us rethink the history of second-order cybernetics.
The aim of this paper is to present a series of discoveries attributed to the Turkic nomadic populations (11th– 12th centuries), resulting from archaeological research conducted in 2018 and 2019 in several burial mounds placed in the localities of Târgșoru Nou and Inotești from Prahova County, as well as Lunca from Buzău county. It includes descriptions of the investigated archaeological features, the results of the anthropological and archaeozoological determinations as well as those of the physico-chemical investigations of some metal artefacts, and absolute chronology dates. Given that artefacts were part of the archaeological features investigated, we briefly present information regarding their analogies and occurrence. These discoveries highlight a time period which is otherwise scarcely known in this region and at the same time add weight to other materials already published during past years
The bad fame of bohemian king Wenceslas IV, which was deposed by the roman electors in 1400, derives also from their well composed deposition letter, since it became the most important explanatory reference to the contemporary historiographers in the Roman Empire. The article enlightens its different influence phases as well as the slow transformation of its legal arguments into a spectrum of defaming narratives.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Central Europe
English language curriculum is considered essential to be conducted appropriately and effectively. The appraisal of the curriculum which sits in the 2013 curriculum is highly needed to be conducted in order to find the appropriate and effective learning and teaching instruction in the classroom. The method applied in this study is a qualitative method in which the library research and the documentation of 2013 curriculum edition revision document were used. From the findings of study, it indicated that the English language curriculum which sits in the 2013 curriculum and its revision edition can be considered appropriate and effective for conducting language learning instruction in the classroom. It also meets the main goals stated in the curriculum as well as it meets the students’ needs and interests. Nevertheless, the results of this appraisal are still limited and have a few shortages since the curriculum is still new and is being applied in all schools in Indonesia.
<p>Using of Rosetta Stone Software as media in teaching English vocabulary. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using Rosetta Stone Software in teaching vocabulary. The data were obtained from 64 students who belong to the two classes (groups), the control group and the experimental group, as the representative of all fifth grades of SDN No 02 Lhoksukon, Aceh Utara. The writer took two classes randomly for the sample of three parallel classes. The research instruments used to collect the data for this study were pre-test and post-test. The pre-test and the post-test were given to the two classes; the experimental class and the control class. The result of the test was students’ scores of the experimental group and the control group. This result was analyzed by using statistical formula in order to see if there is a significant difference between the students who were taught by direct method and the students taught by using Rosetta Stone Software as the media in teaching vocabulary. The use of Rosetta Stone Software focused on matching the pictures and meaning of some activities of Rosetta Stone Software shown on the screen. Base on explanation above, using Rosetta Stone Software as media also proves that the treatment has given some effects on students’ vocabulary improvement.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key Words</strong>: <em>Rosetta Stone Software, Teaching vocabulary, Media</em></p>
«All that glitters is not gold» - broadaxes with brass banded hafts from the late Viking age
Traditionally, the sword was regarded as a weapon of personal prestige and a symbol of the privileged landowning elite. The axe, on the other hand, was a farming tool and symbolic of the landless but free men that went into service under this privileged elite. These men were called housecarls (ON: húskarl). As the Viking age drew toward its end, the axe seemed to gain a higher status as a weapon of prestige in the shape of two-handed broadaxes (dane-axe). Their elongated edge but thin and light body made them a fearsome and formidable weapon.
Six broadaxes with haft bandings of copper-alloy have been identified in the archaeological collection at the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo. The alloys have been analyzed and the results show that they are all made of brass with a high level of zinc. This suggests that the brass is of high quality, which further enhances these broadaxes as prestigious weapons. The results are presented in this article along with comparative material from Europe. The appearance of these broadaxes at the end of the Viking Age is further discussed in light of literary sources relating to Canute the Great and his retinue of housecarls called the Thinglid.