Hasil untuk "Architectural drawing and design"

Adriana Rossi, Luca Cipriani, Pedro Manuel Cabezos

<p>Representation based on the visualization of reality, acquired through active and passive sensors, has allowed a rethinking of the traditional cognitive and communicative process. The Vitruvian approach has been replaced by the discrete visualization of large number of point-images. Image- or range-based coordinates allow to overcome the limitations of the drawing or photographic image, configuring a 3D model that can be explored in any direction and detail, even remotely. Automatic and semi-automatic procedures manage the information to be conveyed to the numerical control of the models.</p><p>Many scientific papers deal with the certified reliability of the data or the optimization of the models; several papers discuss the development of programmed instructions to automate the “intelligent” recognition of components in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) workflows. However, few discussions focus on the heuristic value of using time-saving procedures. The phases of acquisition, processing, critical synthesis, and communication of results are now included in a single workflow centered on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to capture and transfer the archived information framework. This unified process has affected research and teaching methods, as well as the way in which information is disseminated and citizens are involved, in order to obtain the approval and thus the resources needed for the political management of heritage.</p><p>Starting from these considerations, it seemed appropriate to recontextualize a process that is not limited to the improvement of fast and simplified operations, as an alternative to calculations congruent with the purpose of the project or survey. Indeed, the call for this issue was intended to propose and encourage a broader reflection of current research trends and to stimulate discussion on the limits and potentials of advanced automation processes in relation to the comparison of established and innovative practices.</p><p>The awareness gained from digital language shows the widespread reconsideration of geometric logic. A trend that can be clearly seen in the papers dealing with the digital representation of complex vaulted systems or design solutions based on the reinterpretation of the Vitruvian concept of scenography. Less obvious, but no less diriment for this reason, are the geometric considerations that support quad-dominant remeshing or retopology solutions, according to the lexicon of computer graphics.</p><p>Refined geometric solutions to improve analysis and details applicable to “reliable copies” of the virtually reconstructed object to control the change of state in the physical duplicate can also be observed in reverse modeling techniques.</p><p>In parallel, the evolution of digital language with services provided by the network enhances the physical experience, improving it with the help of virtual content to guide meaningful experiences. In this dual perspective, the title of the volume alludes to the path, cyclical and interactive, that unites, without confusing, the construction of image- and range-based, in order to use them as spaces of collaboration suitable for the active dissemination of knowledge.</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.32.2024.ed </p>

Serkan Kılıç

Turkish baths and bath culture have a very special place in the social life of Turkish society. In addition, due to the importance given by the Islamic religion to cleanliness and especially to cleaning with rivers, our baths are one of the indispensable architectural monuments of our social life. As in all civilizations, baths have an important place in Anatolian culture. Baths are divided into two as public baths and private baths. Public baths are used by the public, while private baths are baths that serve a limited number of people. In this study, the Yivli Minaret (Mevlevihane) Bath, located within the Yivli Minaret Complex in Antalya Kaleiçi, is discussed. The construction date of the bath, which is included in the group of private baths, is not known exactly. In 2019, extensive excavation work was carried out in the bath by the Antalya Museum. After the excavations, it was determined that new units belonging to the bath emerged. In the light of these findings, different suggestions about the original plan of the bath will be put forward than those known so far.

Sabrina Melis, Daniele Murgia

The paper explores the design interstices within consolidated media structures. These are spaces occupied for unprecedented use in case of emergency or dramatic events. The authors analyze some significant experiences developed on different levels, from initiatives by individual citizens to organizations such as the collective Bellingcat. These alternative uses of media contribute to the creation of what Michel Foucault called counter-memory: discourses parallel to the official ones that arise as forms of resistance from people who are marginalized by power. Overall, the paper provides a detailed and insightful look at the possibilities offered by digital design interstices in the creation and preservation of collective memories.

Rossella Maspoli

Disruptive technologies are emerging and spreading through the hybridisation of info-telematics and spatial infrastructures in order to innovate living spaces, from homes to neighbourhoods. The tendency to transform how we live induced by emergency events requires disruptive and adaptive technologies, able to respond to the evolution of requirements in terms of health, safety and the multi-functionality of spaces and barriers. In both the private and the public sphere, the post-pandemic performance response requires integrated solutions on a transdisciplinary basis, where – in line with cybernetic thought – the human aspect is enriched with real solutions projected onto augmented reality, but tested through the tools of evidence-based design.

Baya Belmessaoud, Houria Bachakh

<p>Access to space is a fundamental ethical right and contributes to realizing space ethics. In this regards, urban forms can reinforce or hinder spatial equity. If two-thirds of the population will live in cities by 2050, migration can increase social inequalities between residents and newcomers. However, urban studies rarely integrate ethical considerations as such. Over the past four years, we have been involved in experimenting with methodologies, which have engaged the computer, in explorations of both spatial analysis and design. This article describes a methodology for improving spatial equity that aims to strengthen social solidarity. First, perceptual analysis supports the visual analysis of the urban landscape. It aims at identifying the problem and the five elements structuring the urban space. Their outputs are mental image and Kevin Lynch's structure urban layout. Secondly, studying the structural properties by Spatial Syntax theory and techniques allows for examining the socio-spatial aspects of the place. Superimposing these three methods allows for visualizing data related to the urban morphology of the district. This dual approach allows setting the objectives and actions to implement the urban strategy. A marginalized neighbourhood of Al Harrach is an illustrative case study of this method. For the purposes of this article, we present only one students’ urban project.</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.28.2022.1</p>

Denis Ribouillault

In the second half of the 16th century, Girolamo Righettino, a brilliant draughtsman and theologian (a member of the Order of the Canons Lateran), produced city views with ornamental frames characterised by their rich, allegorical programme. The drawings earned him widespread fame and were handsomely rewarded. A recently discovered autograph manuscript by Righettino sheds precious light on his only surviving view – an elaborate plan of Turin (1583). This article offers an introductory portrait of a personality forgotten to history and presents new research that allows us to situate his unique output – at the intersection of art and science, theology and politics, topography and allegory – in the wider context of Counter-Reformation Italy, when the ambitions of absolutist rulers were stoked by the fear of Turkish advances in the Mediterranean.

Azadeh Noorifard, M. R. Tabeshpour, F. M. Saradj

Abstract When the stiffness of a story is much less than the story above it, a significant portion of lateral displacement of the building is concentrated in this story and soft story is formed. One of the main reasons of soft story in buildings is eliminating or reducing the infill walls in lower stories. This reason is more important than the others because structural engineers usually neglect infill walls in modeling the structure, and on the other hand, architects do not consider the seismic behavior of infill walls during architectural design. In this research, based on the provision of soft story in seismic codes, 2277 macro models with different arrangements of infill walls in the adjacent floors were analyzed. By combining the three linear regression equations derived from the results of analyses, an approximate method was proposed for identifying the soft story. In this method, there is no need to the structural specifications and only by geometric specifications of architectural drawings, the arrangement of infill walls in adjacent stories can be checked. So, it can be used from the final stages of basic architectural design both by architects and structural engineers. The evaluation of this method on the analyzed models showed that 93% of models with soft story were identifiable by this method and in 97% of models, the results were reliable, which indicated high performance of this method.

Edoardo Fregonese, I. Lami, Elena Todella

This paper explores the role of the aesthetics in Group Decision and Negotiation (GDN) practice, specifically how it affects the methods and the cognitive processes in the architectural field. We intend aesthetics as “scientia cognitionis sensitivæ”, a particular process and way of knowing and experiencing the problem through senses, imagination and empathy. We argue that (a) aesthetics and aesthetic features can (and do) convey knowledge about the problem; (b) we can distinguish between two kinds of aesthetics, one of the process and one of the product and (c) the aesthetics can contribute to create a “plural subject”. The issue is investigated through a decision problem about the transformation of an iconic building in the centre of Turin (Italy), in two ways: (1) by merging the Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) with architectural design and (2) by approaching the same issue with Storytelling, as a method for problem-based instruction. Considering the aesthetics as a specific form of language, the paper offers innovative considerations about the role of representation and visualisation tools and models—drawing, scheme, diagrams, but also video and text—as support for group decisions and negotiations, in the construction of knowledge within decisional processes.

P. Ioannidis, Lina Eklund, A. Løvlie

In this article, we present a lifecycle study of We Dare You, a substitutional reality installation that combines visual and tactile stimuli. The installation is set up in a center for architecture, and invites visitors to explore its facade while playing with vertigo, in a visual virtual reality environment that replicates the surrounding physical space of the installation. Drawing on an ethnographic approach, including observations and interviews, we researched the exhibit from its opening, through the initial months plagued by technical problems, its subsequent success as a social and playful installation, on to its closure, due to COVID-19, and its subsequent reopening. Our findings explore the challenges caused by both the hybrid nature of the installation and the visitors’ playful use of the installation which made the experience social and performative—but also caused some problems. We also discuss the problems We Dare You faced in light of hygiene demands due to COVID-19. The analysis contrasts the design processes and expectations of stakeholders with the audience’s playful appropriation, which led the stakeholders to see the installation as both a success and a failure. Evaluating the design and redesign through use on behalf of visitors, we argue that an approach that further opens up the post-production experience to a process of continuous redesign based on the user input—what has been termed design-after-design—could facilitate the design of similar experiences in the museum and heritage sector, supporting a participatory agenda in the design process, and helping to resolve the tension between stakeholders’ expectations and visitors’ playful appropriations.

Renata Valente

The paper analyzes the main regulatory experiments for Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) in North America and Asia, comparing requirements for implementation and outcomes. It also underlines the need to make these spaces representative of the social and environmental complexity of a public place, presenting the original proposal to include in the exchange conditions regulations that guarantee ecosystem services equivalent to the loss for the community due to the bonus granted. The reflection leads to three main aspects for the edition of updated regulations: the construction of integrated networks of spaces, the consideration of the urban ecosystem and the meta-design of thematic cultural guidelines.

Xavier Villanueva, Joan Olona, Manuel Angel Iglesias-Campos et al.

In accordance with Casa Batlló’s Conservation Plan, the initial project contemplated a minimal intervention of maintenance and conservation. Prior to the start of the intervention, studies and tests were carried out, to find out, check and determine the different methodologies and materials to be used. However, a careful inspection of the façade revealed pathological processes and undocumented findings about the construction techniques. These studies and the results of the tests allowed to agree upon the procedures and materials to be used.

F. Yegül, Diane Favro

Since antiquity, Roman architecture and planning have inspired architects and designers. In this volume, Fikret Yegül and Diane Favro offer a comprehensive history and analysis of the Romanbuilt environment, emphasizing design and planning aspects of buildings and streetscapes. The authors explore the dynamic evolution and dissemination of architectural ideas, showing how local influences and technologies were incorporated across the vast Roman territory. They also consider how Roman construction and engineering expertise, as well as logistical proficiency, contributed to the making of bold and exceptional spaces and forms. Based on decades of firsthand examinations of ancient sites throughout the Roman world, from Britain to Syria, the authors give close accounts of many sites no longer extant or accessible. Written in a lively and accessible manner, Roman Architecture and Urbanism affirms the enduring attractions of Roman buildings and environments and their relevance to a global view of architecture. Lavishly illustrated with over eight hundred images, including numerous new plans and drawings as well as digital renderings, the book will appeal to readers interested in the classical world and the history of architecture and urban design, as well as a wide range of academic fields.

Uta Brandes

This essay focuses on one of the numerous aspects in design that illustrates the necessity of including gender. It discusses gender identities between subjection and agency within the broad realm of matters, textiles, and fashion. The article exemplarily wanders through various forms of social oppression and exploitation of women in history as well as today, but also offers perspectives of resilience and resistance. Although totally different from each other, they have one phenomenon in common: it is both the body and the material that matters. In the end, the possibility of transforming the social making of objectified and subjectified bodies into fluid identities is discussed.

Fatih MAZLUM

Hamamların varlığının ortaya çıkması ile insanlık tarihinde su artık sadece yaşamsal bir ihtiyaç olmaktan çıkmış olduğu yapılan araştırmalar ile anlaşılmıştır. Bu bilgiler sayesinde insanların ilk olarak Yunan medeniyetlerinde inşa ettikleri hamam yapılarını, sağlıklı yaşam için kullandıkları ve devam eden dönemlerde ise birer toplantı mekânları, spor alanları ve günlük hayatın vazgeçilmez parçaları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan bu araştırmanın amacı, geçmişteki günlük hayatın önemli bir figürü olan hamamların, günümüzdeki kültürel ve teknolojik açıdan gelişim ve akabindeki değişimlerin etkisi nedeniyle eski ehemmiyetini kaybetmesi üzerine işlevi değiştirilerek mekân olarak devam edebilmesi üzerine saha incelemesinde mekân-malzeme bakımından incelenip literatüre kazandırılmasıdır. Hamamlar, medeniyetlere göre şekil ve fonksiyon değiştirse de sosyo-kültürel yaşantının önemli bir parçası olarak düşünülmüş, tasarlanmış ve inşa edilmişlerdir. İlk örneklerinde sağlık yapıları fonksiyonunda ve küçük ölçekte karşımıza çıkan hamamlar, ilerleyen teknoloji ve değişen çevresel şartlar neticesinde ölçek olarak büyümüş, ilave fonksiyonlar kazanmış ve kompleks yapılara dönüştüğü görülmektedir. Hamamlar, ortaya çıkış fikirleri bakımından benzerdirler. Ancak işlevleri ve fonksiyonları değişikliklere uğramış, gelişmişlerdir. Bu sayede, bir sonraki kültür üzerine yeni bir şeyler ekleyebilmiş ve günümüzdeki halini alabilmesini sağlamıştır. Sosyal yaşam çerçevesinde şekillendiği açıkça görülen hamamlar, dönemin ihtiyaçları ve yaşam tarzı konusunda net bilgiler de vermektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında hem kültürel birikimler oluşmakta hem de daha geniş çapta araştırmalar yapılabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde Konya İli şehir merkezinde bulunan ve işlev değiştiren Meram Hasbey Hamamı hem malzeme hem de mekân bazında incelenip alan analizi yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Yapılan alan analizinde Meram Hasbey Hamamı’nda birçok bölümün kullanım dışı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapının sadece iki bölümünün kullanıcılara hizmet vermesi, hem hamam mimarisinin algılanmamasına hem de yapının bütünüyle korunamamasına neden olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Maria Federica Ottone, Roberta Cocci Grifoni, Graziano Enzo Marchesani et al.

The objective of this research is to produce a critical scientific analysis of some aspects related to urban resilience to offer planners and decision-makers a deft intervention tool to mitigate high temperatures in urban areas. Densification, morphology, and materials are used to suggest strategies aimed at improving the quality of life in cities. This point of view analyses climate change and its connection to humans, urban density and its energy value, the evolution of materials, and the management of environmental comfort, considering the horizontal/vertical relationship as one of the morphological parameters capable of determining the connections between density, the form of the spaces, and the urban heat island.

Sebastian Benthall, Seda F. Gürses, H. Nissenbaum

Gwyllim Jahn Fologram, Cameron Newnham

Giovanna Spadafora

<p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Incontro Diego Maestri in un freddo pomeriggio invernale. Contrariamente al solito mi riceve nel suo studio, una sorta di Wunderkammer…, una stanza stipata fino in cima di libri e faldoni. Le meraviglie sono nascoste lì dentro. Quadri appoggiati alle librerie, un tavolo da disegno in orizzontale, sul quale sono collocati altri libri e un rotolo di una meravigliosa carta cinese. Il tavolo da disegno: la maggior parte di noi lo ha regalato, o lo tiene in cantina, in attesa chissà di cosa. In questa stanza, non particolarmente grande, il tavolo è lì, perché viene usato. Iniziamo la nostra conversazione sul disegno. Quello, in senso stretto, non professionale, non architettonico e non didattico. Quello che ogni architetto fa per propria soddisfazione. Ci ho messo un po’ a convincerlo a rilasciare questa intervista, ma alla fine ci sono riuscita. Chi conosce bene Diego Maestri sa che è una persona schiva, discreta, che non ama parlare di sé e mostrare i suoi lavori, ma ho insistito, perché sapevo che da questa conversazione sarebbero emersi tanti aspetti del disegno, e di una particolare dimensione del disegno, che credo sia importante trasmettere ai nostri giovani. Primo fra tutti l’importanza di acquisire la capacità di vedere, di andare oltre il primo sguardo istintivo, prendersi tempo per comprendere, cogliere le peculiarità e le differenze tra i luoghi, le cose, le persone. Capacità che si affinano con la pratica continua del disegno, che è strumento di conoscenza e ci aiuta a fermare le sensazioni, le impressioni, indipendentemente dagli strumenti a disposizione. È stato molto difficile selezionare quali lavori mostrare tra gli oltre 1000 che ho visto. I disegni, come Maestri stesso dirà all’inizio di questa conversazione, sono personali, e per questo lo ringrazio per aver condiviso immagini che parlano di momenti importanti della sua vita e rivelano i sentimenti che li hanno mossi. Da essi emerge come l’affinare il senso della vista possa amplificare la nostra percezione nei confronti di tutti gli aspetti del reale.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.21.2018.dw" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.21.2018.dw</a><br /></span></p>

Hakan Altınçeki̇ç, Esra Şentürk

Ev bahçeleri geçmiş, bugün ve yarın arasındaki ilişkileri kurmakta; bir dönemin tarihi ve kültürel özelliklerini, toplumun yaşam koşullarını yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Cumhuriyet Dönemi ev bahçelerinin değişimi ve gelişimi anlatılmış sonrasında da güncel eğilimlerin belirlenmesi için İstanbul-Hadımköy’deki Alkent 2000 İstanbul ile İstanbul-Zekeriyaköy’deki Garanti Koza yerleşimlerindeki villa sakinleri ile anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Anketlerin sonuçları değerlendirilerek, konutlarda ikamet eden villa sakinlerinin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri ve bunların bahçelerine yansıtılması ile bahçe düzenlenmesindeki tercihleri ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, Cumhuriyet Dönemi ev bahçelerine ait tüm verilerin ve anket sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi yapılarak bu değerlendirmelere göre sonuçlar çıkarılmıştır ve gerekli öneriler getirilmiştir._______________________________________________________Changes in Home Gardens and Investigation of Current Trends During the Turkish Republic Era AbstractHome gardens establishes relationship among the past, the present and the future; and it reflects an historical and cultural characteristics of a special period and the lifestyles of the society. In this study, the changes and developments of home gardens at the Turkish Republic Era have been investigated. Following that a questionnaire survey have been conducted to the residents of Alkent 2000 Istanbul in Hadımköy and Garanti Koza in Zekeriyaköy Istanbul to determine current trends thereof. By means of the evaluation of the questionnaire results describe attitudes of those residents and their socio-economic features towards their own gardens as well as its land use and arrangements. As a result of the research, evaluations are made about the determining of the examined home gardens at the Turkish Republic Era and all the results of the questionnaires and conclusions have been made according to these evaluations and required suggestions are offered.

Berrak Kırbaş, N. Hizli

Abstract Vernacular architecture has been an inspiration for innovations in environmental and socio-economically sustainable design and planning. Especially in traditional housing, the intended climatic and environmental solutions within sustainable design have already been achieved by local implementations. In this sense, as the important examples on vernacular architecture, traditional Erzurum houses are examined in the scope of this work. Thus, ecological design clues in local examples are explored by drawing attention to natural materials, traditional construction techniques, ingenious design and spatial organization strategies required for comfort, satisfaction, and well-being of building occupants.