Sumit Bhatt, Arvind Kumar Uikey, A. Deenson
et al.
Background:
Marginal bone loss around dental implants can compromise long-term success. Platform switching (PS), where a narrower abutment is placed on a wider implant platform, has been suggested to reduce crestal bone loss (CBL).
Methods:
A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 60 patients requiring single posterior implants. Patients were randomly assigned to either the PS group (n = 30) or PM group (n = 30). All implants were placed using a standardized surgical protocol. Radiographic bone levels were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using standardized periapical radiographs and analyzed using digital software. Clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were also recorded.
Results:
At 12 months, the mean CBL in the PS group was 0.32 ± 0.15 mm, significantly lower than the PM group (0.81 ± 0.22 mm, P < 0.001). PD and BOP were also slightly lower in the PS group (PD: 2.5 ± 0.6 mm vs. 2.9 ± 0.7 mm; BOP: 10% vs. 17%), though these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
PS significantly reduces peri-implant CBL over 12 months, supporting its use as a biomechanical strategy for implant longevity. Further long-term studies are warranted to confirm its clinical relevance.
Abstract Spatially resolved characterization of proteoforms has substantial potential to significantly advance the understanding of physiological and disease mechanisms. However, challenges remain regarding throughput and coverage. A robust method is developed for high‐throughput proteoform imaging (HTPi) by combining matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) and region‐specific top‐down proteomic analysis. MALDI MSI enables the imaging of proteoforms on tissue sections at a rate of 7 h cm−2 (100‐µm spatial resolution), and the identification sensitivity of the proteoforms is improved by narrow‐bore monolithic columns with low adsorption, yielding 366 annotated proteoform images from the mouse brain. The obtained proteoform images reveals differential expression of individual proteoforms across the brain regions, and distinct spatial distribution patterns of various proteoforms generated from a single gene. Given its ability to visualize proteoform, HTPi is further applied to explore spatial pathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 5 × FAD mice. 158 annotated proteoform images are obtained in hippocampal regions at 50‐µm spatial resolution, illuminating 14 differential proteoforms in the subiculum region and highlighting their significant associations with amyloid‐β pathology in AD. The results highlight the power of HTPi in unraveling the intricate molecular landscape of brain tissues and its potential in elucidating disease mechanisms.
Ram Reddy Mudireddy, Rambabu Gundla, Chandra Prakash Koraboina
et al.
A new series of benzisoxazole derivatives (9a-o) were designed by using molecular hybridization approach and synthesized via click-chemistry. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and antibacterial activity. All tested compounds (9a-o) exhibited a promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 range of 14.69–38.71 nmol in comparison with the positive drug Acarbose (IC50 35.91 nmol). Additionally, these compounds have found to be active against B. cereus and E. coli. The in vitro inhibition results supported to in silico. Additionally, the compounds were subjected to computational drug-likeness/ADME testing, which revealed that this all the compounds had good ADME profiles in addition to exhibiting drug-like qualities. SAR indicates that analysis revealed that electron-withdrawing substituents such as Br and CF3 at specific positions significantly enhanced α-glucosidase inhibition, while unsubstituted and ortho-methoxy phenyl derivatives also showed potent activity, highlighting the benzo[d]isoxazole–triazole scaffold as a promising pharmacophore for developing novel anti-diabetic agents.
Alakesh Singha, Keshav K. Manglam, Nishita Grandhi
et al.
Background:
Because it allows germs to enter the root canal system, microbial leakage is a primary cause of endodontic failure. The goal of various root canal obturation procedures is to create a hermetic seal that stops microbes from penetrating.
Materials and Procedures:
The ProTaper Universal system was used to prepare 60 removed human mandibular premolars for this in vitro investigation. Based on the obturation method, the teeth were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20): Group 1: lateral compaction of gutta-percha, Group 2: thermoplasticized gutta-percha, and Group 3: single-cone obturation. To measure microbial leakage, Enterococcus faecalis was introduced into each sample. The samples were cultured for 30 days to track the bacteria’s ability to pass through the obturated canals. Turbidity in the culture media was used to assess microbial leakage, and microbial culture tests were used to corroborate the findings.
Results:
The findings demonstrated that 12 samples (60%) in Group 1, eight samples (40%) in Group 2, and 15 samples (75%) in Group 3 had microbial leakage. The single-cone approach showed the largest microbiological leakage, whereas the thermoplasticized gutta-percha group showed the least amount, followed by lateral compaction. According to statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in leakage across the groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
In contrast to lateral compaction and the single-cone method, thermoplasticized gutta-percha offered the greatest barrier against microbial leakage. This implies that endodontic failure brought on by bacterial contamination may be avoided more successfully using thermoplasticized procedures.
Farah Khan, Neha Shukla, Chandrashekhar Jaiswal
et al.
Background:
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition marked by non-scarring hair loss.
Materials and Method:
In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 50 pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata. Participants received oral tofacitinib for 24 weeks. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score. Secondary outcomes included time to hair regrowth, patient/parent satisfaction, and Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores.
Result:
Forty-five participants completed the 24-week study. A significant decrease in SALT score from baseline (mean 66.2 ± 8.1) to week 24 (mean 25.7 ± 9.2) was observed (P < 0.001). Complete or near-complete hair regrowth was achieved in 42.2% of patients, with partial regrowth in 37.8%.
Conclusion:
Tofacitinib demonstrated a favorable risk–benefit profile for treating moderate-to-severe pediatric alopecia areata over 24 weeks. These findings support the potential of JAK inhibitors as a therapeutic option in children with recalcitrant disease, although long-term safety and relapse rates warrant further investigation.
Faris Suleiman Saleh Aldobekhi, Manal M Almutairi, Mohammed H Alanazi
et al.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of paraplegia-related fear in spinal anesthesia among the general population in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A total of 371 participants were given a pretested, precoded, questionnaire was used to collect data to assess the prevalence of fear of paraplegia in spinal anesthesia. The questionnaire contained questions to assess variables like the extent of fear, causes, gender preponderance, any false information about paraplegia in spinal anesthesia, and complications experienced after receiving spinal anesthesia. Results: It was noted that 80.1% of the respondents were familiar with the term spinal/regional/epidural anesthesia. Forty one point eight percent of the respondents their reference of knowledge about regional anesthesia was family of friends. Thirteen point nine percent of the responses were paralysis, 8.2% of the responses were feeling of pain during the operation, and 7.9% of the responses were nausea or vomiting. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the participants exhibited a certain degree of apprehension stemming from their inadequate understanding and awareness regarding spinal anesthesia.
Eduardo Carasek, Lucas Morés, Natan da Cunha
et al.
Analytical chemistry has increasingly focused on the environmental impact of its methods, with significant attention given to green principles in sample preparation. Techniques like Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME), Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction (µ-SPE), Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME), Stir Bar Extraction (SBSE), Bar-Adsorptive Microextraction (BAµE), Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX), and Rotative Disk Sorptive Extraction (RDSE) represent advancements in solid-phase extraction methods. Meanwhile, methods such as Single Drop Microextraction (SDME), Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME), and Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction (HF-LPME) focus on liquid-phase techniques. Among the green approaches, biosorbents have gained prominence as extractor materials due to their environmental friendliness, renewability, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. In liquid-phase extractions, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional solvents. NADESs offer benefits such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and affordability, along with ease of synthesis and purification. This review summarizes the application of NADESs and biopolymers, focusing in biosorbents, in microextraction and other techniques, based on literature from 2017 to the present. It is evident that NADESs present viable alternatives to conventional solvents, with their physical-chemical properties like viscosity, density, and polarity, being tunable through various mixtures. Similarly, biosorbents offer unique physicochemical properties that can outperform traditional commercial materials in sample preparation. Applications discussed in this review focus on the determination of organic compounds in environmental, food, and biological samples, utilizing chromatographic methods. These developments highlight the ongoing evolution in green analytical practices, aiming for more sustainable and efficient analytical procedures.
The increasing concern about environmental degradation and resource depletion has inspired the analytical chemistry community to develop analytical methods that comply as much as possible with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. Significant progress has been made in greening sample preparation strategies by miniaturizing sampling devices and decreasing the amount of sorptive phase needed for efficient extraction of targeted molecules. In this context, the use of natural sorbents represents an additional and convenient option for green sample preparation. The advantages of using natural sorbents for extraction include their availability from renewable sources, low toxicity and biodegradability. In this review, we describe the use of various natural sorbents for metals and organic molecules extraction, focusing on the most innovative applications within the decade 2009-2019. Particular emphasis is given to the description of commonly used biopolymers - e.g. cellulose, chitin, and lignin - and their use in a variety of sample preparation strategies. We also refer to different functionalization approaches that enhance the extraction efficiency of natural sorbents.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a novel approach in the development of electrochemical sensors. This approach to fabrication has provided a tremendous opportunity to make complex geometries of electrodes at high precision. The most widely used approach for fabrication is fused deposition modeling; however, other approaches facilitate making smaller geometries or expanding the range of materials that can be printed. The generation of complete analytical devices, such as electrochemical flow cells, provides an example of the array of analytical tools that can be developed. This review highlights the fabrication, design, preparation, and applications of 3D printed electrochemical sensors. Such developments have begun to highlight the vast potential that 3D printed electrochemical sensors can have compared to other strategies in sensor development. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 14 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
E. Maciel, Ana Lúcia de Toffoli, Eduardo Sobieski Neto
et al.
Abstract The low concentration levels of different chemical compounds in complex matrices such as food, environmental, biological and pharmaceutical, requires adequate analytical methods to isolate, preconcentrate and accurately quantify the analytes obtaining satisfactory results. The sample preparation step is a critical part of the whole analytical process, once it is constantly prone to contamination and at the same time, it is more difficult to automate. Aiming to improve the extraction performance of sample preparation techniques, highlighting the microextraction techniques, several sorbent materials have been developed and used in different application areas. They are based upon sorption processes and usually are in accordance with the principles of green chemistry (greener analytical methods). This review summarizes the recent advances and the prospects for new materials to be utilized in sample preparation techniques, emphasizing microextraction techniques based upon a sorption process in line with the concept of green analytical chemistry. We also approached the synthesis and main properties of the sorbent materials as well as the main miniaturized techniques that use them, and their most relevant and representative applications.
The role of dogs and cats in the history of the human-animal relationship has been variable. They have served as pets, working animals, useful commensals, subjects of worship and sacrifice, and providers of resources, such as skin and meat. These roles have also been more or less visible in Estonian archaeological material. Here, our focus is on the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (13th to 18th centuries), which was the time of urbanisation and widening contacts as well as wars and famines. During this time of change, also the roles of dogs and cats as companion and commensal species changed. With over 700 specimens from all over Estonia, we aimed to explore the presence of dogs and cats in archaeological material, their keeping conditions, and their economic use. For dogs, essential questions also involved the different (morpho)types and their possible roles. The study confirmed that new dog types emerged in Estonia from the early 13th century. Furthermore, different site types, specifically castle and urban material, contained dogs with significantly diverse sizes, possibly due to their functionality. There is evidence of the economic value of both cats and dogs in the expression of cut marks that could be related to food waste and fur trading. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis confirmed the assumption that dogs mainly ate food scraps and leftovers, including freshwater and marine resources. Documented pathologies were rare, leaving the question of caring for or neglecting these animals open.
Amr S. ABOUZIED, Mohammed K.B. BREAK, Kareem YOUNES
et al.
Traditional medicine is widely used in the treatment and management of various ailments due to its low toxicity, low number of side effects and low cost. Many components of common fruits and vegetables play crucial roles as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Launaea mucronata’s methanolic stems and leaves extract. In this screening study, Launaea mucronata’s methanolic extracts showed remarkably antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The maximum zone of inhibition of the methanolic extract of Launaea mucronata leaves was detected against Proteus vulgaris with inhibition zones of 17.8 mm and 14.6 mm, respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay results showed high antioxidant activity for the extract almost comparable to that of ascorbic acid at 30 µg/ml, which indicates that it might potentially be developed into a successful antioxidant agent. Meanwhile, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed by screening the extract against HepG2 (Hepatocellular), A549 (Lung), HCT116 (Colon) and MCF7 (Breast) cancer cells and it was found that the extract exerted its highest activity against A549 cells with an IC50 value of 14.9 µg/ml. The extracts also shown lower cytotoxic activity against normal, healthy MRC-5 cells, with IC50 values of 204.83 g/ml for the stem extract and 412.4 g/ml for the leaves extract, respectively. This suggests that the extract is safe for normal, healthy cells, which is an important characteristic of any possible anticancer treatment. The antiproliferative and apoptosis activities of our selected plant showed that the extracts induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. This high cytotoxic activity of the extract indicates that highly bioactive pure compounds could potentially be isolated from the extract in future studies and further developed into an anticancer agent specifically against lung cancer. Therefore, the current study has proven the potential of Launaea mucronata’s methanolic extract as a source of potent antioxidant and anticancer agent.