Hasil untuk "Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law"

Kennya Vieira Queiroz, Jair Minoro Abe, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis et al.

<i>Background:</i> Cargo theft represents a persistent challenge to last-mile logistics in the peripheral regions of São Paulo, Brazil, compromising transportation security and increasing operational costs. These high-crime areas disrupt supply chain stability and hinder e-commerce growth. Traditional security methods often fail to address the complexity and uncertainty present in these environments, necessitating adaptive approaches. <i>Methods:</i> This study applies an Expert System based on Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ to assess the effectiveness of security interventions. Logic Eτ is particularly suited for analyzing uncertain, incomplete, and contradictory data in complex logistics settings. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating evaluations from nine experts representing different hierarchical levels within a logistics company. Six key security measures, including GPS tracking, armed escorts, optimized delivery windows, and the hiring of local drivers, were analyzed using favorable degrees and unfavorable degrees for each parameter. <i>Results:</i> The results demonstrated that five measures were effective, contributing to a 58% reduction in security costs in Arujá and 75% in Cajamar, two major distribution hubs. <i>Conclusions:</i> This study highlights the potential of combining Expert Systems and Eτ Logic to enhance cargo transport security, offering a scalable decision support framework for companies operating in high-risk urban regions.

Diana Carolina Valencia Tello

En diversos índices internacionales, Estonia ocupa el primer lugar en servicios digitales para los ciudadanos, ya que el gobierno digital implementado permite un acceso fácil a los ciudadanos de sus datos y a diversos servicios que son realizados en línea 24/7. Por ello, el caso exitoso del Gobierno de Estonia es estudiado por otros gobiernos, organizaciones internacionales y la academia, con la finalidad de motivar transformaciones digitales en las organizaciones y replicar experiencias, en la medida de las posibilidades. En este contexto, el presente artículo resalta algunas lecciones de la transformación digital de Estonia realizadas por el BID para América Latina y el Caribe.

Labiba Noshin Asha, Lucy G. Aragon, Arup Dey et al.

<i>Background:</i> The corn supply chain is vital for food security and economic stability regionally and globally. This study integrates sustainable supply chain management with location optimization to address trade-offs from climate change, economic viability, and environmental impact while assuming the constant social obligation inherent in the supply chain structure. <i>Methods:</i> This study employs a mixed-integer programming (MIP) framework to optimize facility locations in North Dakota, including corn production zones as suppliers and ethanol plants as consumers. Primary objectives include cost minimization and greenhouse gas reduction, enabling the prioritization of economic or environmental goals as per organizational strategies and regulations. This approach ultimately maximizes resource utilization by ensuring efficient production and distribution practices. <i>Results:</i> The case study results highlight the optimal selection of 20 out of 30 corn production zones to meet statewide ethanol plant demand efficiently. Using compressed natural gas (CNG) instead of diesel could potentially save USD 2 million annually and cut carbon emissions by up to 1148 thousand tons per year, demonstrating meaningful progress toward economic and environmental sustainability within the supply network. <i>Conclusions:</i> The presented work offers a systematic methodology for designing sustainable supply chains for various agricultural products, aligning with the broader goal of promoting sustainability and resilience for efficient agricultural production and distribution systems.

Matúš Michalovič, Michal Maslen

The article traces the historical development of environmental regulation in Czechoslovakia, and subsequently Slovakia, highlighting the transition from fragmented legal frameworks to comprehensive legislation, notably Act no. 17/1992 Coll. on Environment. It explores theoretical debates on whether environmental law constitutes an independent legal branch, examining criteria, such as subject matter, objectives, distinct principles, regulatory methods, and international dimensions. While advocating for environmental law’s recognition as a distinct branch, the article acknowledges ongoing debates and emphasizes the need for continued inquiry to reach consensus. Overall, it provides insights into environmental law’s evolution, challenges, and potential role within legal theory and practice.

Mohamed Amjath, Laoucine Kerbache, James MacGregor Smith

<i>Background:</i> This study addresses optimising fleet size in a system with a heterogeneous truck fleet, aiming to minimise transportation costs in interfacility material transfer operations. <i>Methods:</i> The material transfer process is modelled using a closed queueing network (CQN) that considers heterogeneous nodes and customised service times tailored to the unique characteristics of various truck types and their transported materials. The optimisation problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), falling into the NP-Hard, making exact solution computation challenging. A numerical approximation method, a modified sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method coupled with a mean value analysis (MVA) algorithm, is employed to overcome this challenge. Validation is conducted using a discrete event simulation (DES) model. <i>Results:</i> The proposed analytical model tested within a steel manufacturing plant’s material transfer process. The results showed that the analytical model achieved comparable optimisation of the heterogeneous truck fleet size with significantly reduced response times compared to the simulation method. Furthermore, evaluating performance metrics, encompassing response time, utilisation rate, and cycle time, revealed minimal discrepancies between the analytical and the simulation results, approximately ±8%, ±8%, and ±7%, respectively. <i>Conclusions:</i> These findings affirm the presented analytical approach’s robustness in optimising interfacility material transfer operations with heterogeneous truck fleets, demonstrating real-world applications.

Irina Yatskiv (Jackiva), Jurijs Tolujevs, Vladimirs Petrovs

<i>Background:</i> As road transport companies increasingly integrate electric trucks (eTrucks) into urban fleets, evaluating their performance in real-world conditions is essential for effective fleet management and infrastructure planning. <i>Methods:</i> This study introduces TraPodSim, a simulation system designed to assess the key performance indicators (KPIs) of eTrucks and other vehicle types. Using real geographic data, transportation routes, and technical vehicle specifications, the system simulates daily operations under user-defined conditions. <i>Results</i>: TraPodSim produces 20 physical indicators, providing detailed insights into the daily performance of each vehicle in the fleet. These indicators help evaluate fleet efficiency, energy consumption, and overall operational effectiveness. <i>Conclusions</i>: TraPodSim offers transport companies a valuable tool for optimizing fleet configurations and analyzing the use of private or public battery-charging stations, enabling the efficient integration of eTrucks into existing transportation networks.

Kabashkin Igor, Misnevs Boriss, Puptsau Aliaksandr

The article considers the possible concepts of the university of the near future considering the real emergence of special artificial intelligence applicable in the field of higher education. The authors propose a new university model (5th generation university) based on rethinking the use of the concept of competence and applied results in the field of cognitive sciences. It is proposed to revise the existing classical set of professional and social competencies, which will consider the redistribution of responsibilities in society between a person and intellectual systems. The technical readiness of society is assessed to significantly expand the scope of the use of IT technologies and free up human resources for creative activity.

Arvind Bhardwaj, Rachit Soni, Lakhwinder Pal Singh et al.

<i>Background</i>: Bread, a basic need for the survival of human beings, is highly perishable, has a short shelf-life, and loses its quality and potency after its date of expiry. This leads to a considerable amount of bread waste and loss in the economy. This study explores and analyses the most common causes of wastage in the bread supply chain and proposes key strategies for waste mitigation in bread-producing industries in the context of Indian bakeries. <i>Methods</i>: Based on a systematic literature review and pilot studies, Monte-Carlo simulation techniques were applied to conduct the analysis. <i>Results</i>: The results indicate that bread should be recalled from the market after three days rather than the usual six, and the strategy used by companies A and E (in this study) is recommended. <i>Conclusions</i>: These tactics ensure that any bread returned to the company is in great condition, giving us two to three days to transform the bread into some by-products. It will help managers, decision makers, and specialists create a successful waste-reduction strategy.

Helmer Paz-Orozco, Irineu de Brito Junior, Mario Chong et al.

<i>Background</i>: This study presents a comprehensive methodology for enhancing humanitarian logistics planning and management in natural disasters, focusing on earthquakes. <i>Methods</i>: The innovative approach combines a deterministic mathematical model with a simulation model to address the problem from multiple perspectives, aiming to improve efficiency and equity in post-disaster supply distribution. In the deterministic modeling phase, optimal locations for humanitarian distribution centers and points in Popayan, Colombia, were identified, enabling efficient resource allocation for affected families. Subsequently, the simulation model evaluated scenarios based on real earthquakes in Colombia and Latin America, providing a comprehensive view of the logistics system’s response capacity to different disaster conditions and magnitudes. <i>Results</i>: The results demonstrated that the proposed methodology significantly reduced supply delivery time, achieving a 30% improvement compared to traditional humanitarian logistics approaches. Moreover, it led to a more equitable coverage of affected communities, with a 25% increase in families served in previously underserved areas. Expert validation from the Disaster Risk Management Committee of the study area confirmed the methodology’s usefulness for informed and effective decision-making in real situations. <i>Conclusions:</i> This integrated approach of mathematical modeling and discrete event simulation offers valuable insights to address disaster management and support decision-making in humanitarian crises.

Abdulmalik M. Altamimi

Andrea Aquilino-Navarro, Juan Manuel Ramón-Jerónimo, Raquel Flórez-López

<i>Background</i>: How do Shopping Centre Managers use the Management Control System (MCS) to adapt to the available resources according to the characteristics of the centre and external factors that may affect such management? We identified the differences in the MCS between three types of shopping centres: urban-conventional centres, peripheral-conventional centres, and peripheral-outlet centres. <i>Methods</i>: This qualitative research, based on a multiple case study, aims to obtain a descriptive and explanatory view of the situation of the MCS in the analysed centres. For the study, an interview with a store manager in a shopping centre and semi-structured interviews with the managers of the selected centres were conducted. <i>Results</i>: The relevant factors that affect management were detected: ownership structure, budget management, centre maintenance, marketing-mix management, and the image of the centre to be projected, based on the public that the manager intends to attract. <i>Conclusions</i>: MCSs within each shopping centre vary little, depending on the external factors described, and the differences in management are not based on the characteristics of the centre but on the vision of the manager. A detailed description of the role of the manager is offered, and the door is opened for further research on the subject.

Mohit Malik, Vijay Kumar Gahlawat, Rahul S Mor et al.

<i>Background</i>: The global dairy market is experiencing a massive transition as dairy farming has recently undergone modernization. As a result, the dairy industry needs to improve its operational efficiencies by implementing effective optimization techniques. Conventional and emerging optimization techniques have already gained momentum in the dairy industry. This study’s objective was to explore the optimization techniques developed for or implemented in the dairy supply chain (DSC) and to investigate how these techniques can improve the DSC. <i>Methods</i>: A systematic review approach based on PRISMA guidelines were adopted to conduct this review. The authors used descriptive statistics for statistical analysis. <i>Results</i>: Modernization has led the dairy industry to improve its operational efficiencies by implementing the most effective optimization techniques. Researchers have used mathematical modeling-based methods and are shifting to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) -based approaches in the DSC. The mathematical modeling-based techniques remain dominant (56% of articles), but AI and ML-based techniques are gaining traction (used in around 44% of articles). <i>Conclusions</i>: The review findings show insight into the benefits and implications of optimization techniques in the DSC. This research shows how optimization techniques are associated with every phase of the DSC and how new technologies have affected the supply chain.

Malena Zielske, Tobias Held, Athanasios Kourouklis

<i>Background:</i> The logistics industry has seen the emergence of many startups in recent years. Many of these logistics startups use new technologies to develop disruptive products, services or platforms that are based on software. This paper presents the results of a Delphi study and a survey that were consolidated in a framework. The purpose is to understand the benefits that logistics startups derive from using agile methods, the difficulties they face in using these methods and the evolution of logistics startups in terms of using agile methods. <i>Methods:</i> A Delphi study with 29 experts and a global survey with 95 participants was conducted to look at the implementation of agile methods. The largest group of participants were members of (top) management, agile coaches and team leaders. <i>Results:</i> The framework consolidates gathered data to demonstrate how logistics startups apply agile methods and practices based on the results of the Delphi study and the survey, and how the usage of agile methods changes over the age of logistics startups. The results indicate that younger logistics startups use agile methods predominantly to design product features and maximise customer value, whereas logistics startups older than five years focus more on the optimisation of internal processes. <i>Conclusions:</i> The value of the present study lies in its contribution to the hitherto hardly examined research field of agility in logistics startups and the notable views of the experienced participants.

Sheereen Fauzel

Purpose – The present study investigates the extent to which technological progress influences trade in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) region over the period 1990–2017. Design/methodology/approach – Methodologically, this study uses a rigorous dynamic analysis namely a dynamic vector error correction model (PVECM) to carry out the proposed investigation. Such a procedure ensures that the dynamic behaviour under consideration is properly captured, while simultaneously catering for causality issues. Findings – The results show that technological progress has had a positive and significant effect on trade for the sample of countries in the COMESA region over the years of studies. Also, the long-run results show that local investment and economic growth have a positive impact on international trade. Furthermore, the short-run estimates allowed us to make further analysis of the results. For instance, it is observed that trade as well results in technological progress as per the study. Hence, there is reverse causation or bi-directional causality between trade and technological progress. Originality/value – Very few research studies have been conducted on the link between technological progress and trade in a macroeconomy. The analysis thus is believed to supplement the dwarf literature on the technological progress and trade nexus by bringing additional evidence from COMESA.

Zbigniew Bukowski

Opłata za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi może być w Polsce różnicowana ze względu na takie uwarunkowania jak m.in. powierzchnia lokalu mieszkalnego czy liczba mieszkańców. W artykule analizowany jest problem, czy dotyczy to także stawek w przypadku wyboru przez radę gminy metody ustalania opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami od gospodarstwa domowego.

Gabriele Cifani

Ilyas Masudin, Ganis Dwi Aprilia, Adhi Nugraha et al.

This study was conducted to determine the performance impact of e-procurement adoption in Indonesian manufacturing companies. This study consists of four variables: top management support, information quality, implementation of e-procurement, and company performance. Pilot testing questionnaires were used to test whether the respondents understood the questions given by the researcher. After conducting the pilot test, the final questionnaire was distributed to respondents. The pilot test results and the final questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 and SmartPLS v3.0 software to determine the relationship between variables. The results of this study support the acceptance of three hypotheses. The results indicate that top management support has a significant effect on e-procurement implementation. Other results show that information quality has a significant effect on e-procurement implementation, while e-procurement implementation has a significant effect on company performance. From the findings of this article, recommendations from a management perspective are discussed to increase management awareness in adopting electronic procurement.

Neha Mishra

Aleksander Lipiński

Omawiany przepis wyznacza przedmiot koncesjonowania. Koncesja jest wymagana w celu prowadzenia działalności w zakresie: • poszukiwania lub rozpoznawania większości złóż kopalin objętych własnością górniczą (w tym węglowodorów), • poszukiwania lub rozpoznawania kompleksu podziemnego składowania dwutlenku węgla, • wydobywania kopalin ze złóż (w tym węglowodorów), • podziemnego bezzbiornikowego magazynowania substancji, • podziemnego składowania odpadów, • podziemnego składowania dwutlenku węgla. Koncesjonowanie węglowodorów odbywa się na szczególnych zasadach, uregulowanych dalszymi przepisami komentowanej ustawy. W zakresie, jaki nie jest uregulowany Prawem geologicznym i górniczym stosuje się, z pewnymi wyjątkami, przepisy ustawy z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. - Prawo przedsiębiorców.

Hammed Agboola Yusuf, Waliu Olawale Shittu, Saad Babatunde Akanbi et al.

Purpose – In this research, we examine the role of financial development, FDI, democracy and political instability on economic growth in West Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the dynamic fixed effects technique on the secondary data obtained from 1996 to 2016. Findings – Our empirical findings suggest that even though no significant relationship is established in the short run, the long-run coefficient of FDI is found to be significant and positive; a 1% increase in FDI inflow into the West African sub-region results in a 0.26% increase in economic growth. The coefficient of democracy is significant neither in the short run nor in the long run, but political instability is found to significantly and negatively impact the growth of the countries. Finally, the estimate of financial development–growth nexus follows the supply-leading hypothesis. Research limitations/implications – This research affirms the proposition that FDI is a relevant means of technology and knowledge transfers, thus resulting in increasing returns to production as a result of productive spillovers, which drives the growth of the economy. Consequently, an efficient institution – where the rule of law, political stability and economic freedom are top priorities – is a key to accelerate the growth of the West African economy. Similarly, we confirm the validity of the supply-leading hypothesis in West Africa. As such, by deepening the financial system, the growth of the subregion is propelled because an efficient financial system is a basis for sustainable development. Practical implication – The applicable policies are those that promote growth through FDI, financial development, democracy and political instability. The governments of West African countries are enjoined to promote policies that attract FDI into the subregion and promote financial sector credits so that economic performances may be enhanced. In addition, the governments of West African subregion should fully entrench democratic practices and enhance a stable and sustainable political environment. This will not only restore investor confidence but will also facilitate the inflow of FDI into the West African economy. Originality/value – Our study is the first to jointly examine these important growth determinants, especially in the context of West Africa. This becomes necessary in order to open the eyes of policy makers to the need for entrenched full democracy and to proffer sustainable cures to the frequent unrests in the subregion. The use of Pesaran (2007) technique of unit root is also a deviation from several existing studies. One advantage of this technique over others is that being a second-generation test, it tests variable unit root in the presence of cross-sectional dependence.