Ali Abdelaal, Abdelgalil Ahmed, Huifeng Wang
et al.
Abstract Over the past decade, pharmaceuticals have emerged as a significant class of environmental contaminants due to their adverse impacts on natural ecosystems. The removal of pharmaceuticals from aquatic environments, soils, and wastewater treatment systems using techniques such as adsorption, advanced oxidation, biological degradation, and membrane filtration has been widely investigated. Among these approaches, adsorption attracted considerable attention due to its simplicity, high removal efficiency, and low energy requirements. Date palm waste biomass is abundant biomass source what makes it a promising precursor for biochar and activated carbon adsorbents production for water treatment. This review critically evaluate the impact of the different date palm components, pyrolysis conditions, and activation methods on biochar properties and its performance as an adsorbent of emerging contaminates, particularly pharmaceuticals, from wastewater. Moderate pyrolysis temperatures (400–600 °C) found to generally enhance adsorption performance, while higher temperatures (≥ 700 °C) increase surface area but reduce surface polarity and affinity towards polar pharmaceuticals. Moreover, chemically activated biochars (H3PO4, KOH, or ZnCl2) exhibit an improved porosity and adsorption capacities, reaching 400 mg/g, that is comparable to commercial activated carbons. In contrast, physical activation (steam, CO2) is a more environmentally friendly approach that relatively increases surface area and pore volume, but shows limited improvement in adsorption capacity. Despite these advances in the literature, the relationship between specific date palm feedstock and adsorption performance remains insufficiently explored, highlighting the need for systematic comparative studies. Graphical abstract
آیدین ابوطالبی, کامبیز پیکارجو, ابراهیم رضایی
et al.
رمزارزها، بهویژه بیتکوین، بهعنوان داراییهای دیجیتال مبتنی بر فناوری بلاکچین، به دلیل ویژگیهایی همچون غیرمتمرکز بودن، شفافیت تراکنشها و سرعت انتقال، توجه روزافزون سرمایهگذاران و پژوهشگران مالی را به خود جلب کردهاند. با این حال، این بازار ذاتاً با نوسانات شدید همراه است و تحتتأثیر عوامل اقتصادی، سیاسی و فناوری قرار دارد. این موضوع در شرایط بحران اقتصادی ایران، ناشی از تحریمهای بینالمللی، نوسانات نرخ ارز و تورم بالا، اهمیت توسعه مدلهای پیشبینی دقیقتر را دوچندان میسازد. هدف این پژوهش امکان سنجی و ارزیابی عملکرد الگوریتمهای فراابتکاری در بهینهسازی شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی جهت پیشبینی روند قیمتی بیتکوین است. در این راستا، الگوریتم ترکیبی شاهین آتشین- ساخت اهرام جیزه (FHO–GPC) با الگوریتم بهینهساز گاومیش مشکی (MO) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و داده ها به دو بخش آموزش (۸۰ ) و آزمون (۲۰ ) تقسیم شدند. پارامترهای شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چندلایه (MLP) توسط این الگوریتمها بهینهسازی شدند؛ بهگونهای که FHO جستجوی سراسری را انجام داده و GPC بهینهسازی موضعی را بر عهده داشت. یافتهها نشان داد که الگوریتم MO با کاهش معنادار شاخصهای خطا (RMSE) و (MAE) و افزایش ضریب تعیین (R²)، عملکرد دقیقتری نسبت به مدل ترکیبی ارائه کرده است. این برتری بهویژه در شرایط پرنوسان و بحرانی اقتصاد ایران برجستهتر بود. نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که الگوریتم MO میتواند بهعنوان رویکردی کارآمد برای بهبود دقت پیشبینی و کاهش ریسک سرمایهگذاری در بازارهای مالی نوظهور و پرریسک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
This review examines Islamic Law and International Law: Peaceful Resolution of Disputes (Oxford University Press, 2020) by Emilia Justyna Powell, a groundbreaking interdisciplinary study that explores how Islamic legal traditions influence the engagement of Muslim-majority states with international dispute resolution mechanisms. Drawing from original empirical data and classical Islamic jurisprudence, Powell argues that domestic legal structures—whether secular, Islamic, or hybrid—significantly shape states' preferences for international conflict resolution methods. The book highlights both the consonance and dissonance between Islamic law and international law, particularly in the context of peaceful settlement. Powell challenges prevailing assumptions of uniformity among Islamic Law States and demonstrates the importance of legal pluralism in international relations. Through critical analysis, this review assesses the strengths of Powell’s approach—her empirical rigor, legal-philosophical insight, and contribution to debates on global justice—while also noting the limitations, including the need for a more nuanced understanding of hybrid legal systems and broader geopolitical factors. Overall, the book is a significant scholarly contribution that bridges comparative law, Islamic studies, and international legal theory, offering valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of legal identity and interstate conflict management.
If you take a superposition of n IID copies of a point process and thin that by a factor of 1/n, then the resulting process tends to a Poisson point process as n tends to infinity. We give a simple proof of this result that highlights its similarity to the law of large numbers and to the law of thin numbers of Harremoës et al.
The article is devoted to the study of the institution of property rights protection in administrative law. The legal institute of property rights protection in administrative law is considered as a set of administrative and legal norms regulating homogeneous social relations related to the protection of property rights. In the system of administrative law, they form an independent separate group, permeated with internal unity, with a common goal - to ensure a holistic effective regulation of social relations related to the protection of property rights, which allow for the possibility of applying to an individual or legal entity measures of administrative liability for the commission by that person of offenses encroaching on property. It is established that: 1) the institute of property rights protection, as a systemic, integral entity, is a unity of naturally arranged and interrelated elements, to which we have referred the sources, objects of legal relations, as well as special entities whose activities are aimed at organizing appropriate protection of property rights through the use of administrative and legal measures and means; 2) the institute of property rights protection in administrative law operates with universal administrative and legal measures and means. This universality lies in the fact that they combine the «power» of the State structures with which they are usually associated, and which involve the direct application of various measures of State coercion with a preventive effect. Their combined use makes it possible to protect property rights at the sectoral level in the most complete and comprehensive manner. It is stated that the State regulation of property rights protection in Ukraine belongs to a wide range of relations which are the subject matter of both civil, criminal and administrative law. The legal system of Ukraine has created a whole range of institutions for the protection of property rights. Taken together, they form the legal basis for state property protection. At the same time, the use of administrative and legal measures and means by the executive authorities in the course of property rights protection is the most effective in terms of the ratio «funds spent - results obtained from their use».
In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, quantum technology is entering the scene with the promise of radically changing the technological paradigm. Quantum computing, simulation, quantum communications and the combination of this technology with artificial intelligence are opening up new horizons of innovation that could revolutionize various industries. Along with its enormous potential, this technology brings legal, ethical and social challenges that require detailed analysis and an interdisciplinary approach. The industrial deployment of quantum technology entails dilemmas regarding human rights, cyber security and national security, as well as the risk of exacerbating inequality, technological exclusion and algorithmic discrimination. With regard to artificial intelligence enhanced by quantum computing technology, we can speak of a completely new facet of the problem of the opacity of algorithms, which is determined not only by the cognitive limitations of the human mind, but stems from the indefinability of the world described by the laws of quantum mechanics. In light of the above, the thesis can be advanced that the classical approach to the principle of transparency and the postulates of creating algorithms that will clearly present the path to the final result, which are part of the broad current of creating ethical and explainable artificial intelligence, may prove difficult to realize in relation to Quantum AI. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, we are therefore faced with the challenge of implementing new instruments for testing, certifying and inspecting algorithms, such as tools for analyzing and visualizing the results of quantum algorithms, which will be suited to the specifics of Quantum AI and ensure the ethical correctness of the systems. This article will identify selected areas of application of quantum technology, and thus the potential benefits and risks of quantum technology, and also analyze the need to develop ethical and legal standards that allow for the sustainable and socially responsible development of these disruptive technologies.
Predicting traffic accidents is the key to sustainable city management, which requires effective address of the dynamic and complex spatiotemporal characteristics of cities. Current data-driven models often struggle with data sparsity and typically overlook the integration of diverse urban data sources and the high-order dependencies within them. Additionally, they frequently rely on predefined topologies or weights, limiting their adaptability in spatiotemporal predictions. To address these issues, we introduce the Spatiotemporal Multiview Adaptive HyperGraph Learning (SMA-Hyper) model, a dynamic deep learning framework designed for traffic accident prediction. Building on previous research, this innovative model incorporates dual adaptive spatiotemporal graph learning mechanisms that enable high-order cross-regional learning through hypergraphs and dynamic adaptation to evolving urban data. It also utilises contrastive learning to enhance global and local data representations in sparse datasets and employs an advance attention mechanism to fuse multiple views of accident data and urban functional features, thereby enriching the contextual understanding of risk factors. Extensive testing on the London traffic accident dataset demonstrates that the SMA-Hyper model significantly outperforms baseline models across various temporal horizons and multistep outputs, affirming the effectiveness of its multiview fusion and adaptive learning strategies. The interpretability of the results further underscores its potential to improve urban traffic management and safety by leveraging complex spatiotemporal urban data, offering a scalable framework adaptable to diverse urban environments.
For general mean-field backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) it is well-known that we usually do not have the comparison theorem if the coefficients depend on the law of $Z$-component of the solution process $(Y, Z)$. A natural question is whether general mean-field BSDEs whose coefficients depend on the law of $Z$ have the comparison theorem for some cases. In this paper we establish the comparison theorems for one-dimensional mean-field BSDEs whose coefficients also depend on the joint law of the solution process $(Y,Z)$. With the help of Malliavin calculus and a BMO martingale argument, we obtain two comparison theorems for different cases and a strong comparison result. In particular, in this framework, we compare not only the first component $Y$ of the solution $(Y,Z)$ for such mean-field BSDEs, but also the second component $Z$.
The central challenges in missing data models concern the identifiability of two distributions: the target law and the full law. The target law refers to the joint distribution of the data variables, whereas the full law refers to the joint distribution of the data variables and their corresponding response indicators. However, the relationship between the identifiability of these two distributions and the feasibility of multiple imputation has not been clearly established. We show that imputations can be drawn from the correct conditional distributions for all possible missing data patterns if and only if the full law is identifiable. This result implies that standard multiple imputation methods -- which keep observed values unchanged and replace missing values with imputed values -- are invalid when the target law is identifiable but the full law is not. We demonstrate that alternative imputation strategies, in which certain observed values are also imputed, can enable the estimation of the target law in such cases.
The article analyzes scientific studies of the sociological concept of law in the USA in Ukrainian jurisprudence and characterizes their source base. It is shown that historiographical sources unite the scientific directions of such legal sciences as the philosophy of law, the general theory of law and the state, the sociology of law, the history of law and the state, the history of political and legal studies. It is noted that in the Ukrainian historiography of the sociological concept of law in the USA in the 20th century. the process of determining its place and role in the history of world legal thought by comparing it with other concepts (primarily positivist) continues. It has been established that an important component of Ukrainian historiography is the sociological concept of law in the USA in the 20th century. a research methodology was developed and tested, including knowledge of the sociological approach, historical-conceptual and other research methods. It is emphasized that the Ukrainian historiography of the sociological concept in US jurisprudence of the 20th century. actualizes its research within the framework of the development of integrative legal understanding, socialization and anthropologising of law, as well as the concrete- historical conditions of the development of law in Ukraine, related to globalization and European integration processes. It has been established that the modern stage in the development of the historiography of the sociological concept of law in US jurisprudence of the 20th century. differs from previous ones in the appearance of special scientific studies (primarily dissertations), based on which the source base is expanded (at the expense of new English-language and translated literature), new approaches to the history of ideas in general and legal ideas in particular, the basic principles of conceptual approaches, conceptual apparatus and applied nature. It is summarized that new studies of the history of the sociological concept of law in the USA in the 20th century, including ours, aim to complete a certain stage of the historiographical process on the basis of historicism, that is, to find out the specific historical circumstances and other processes: political, philosophical, social, special views of Ukrainian scientists on when and under what circumstances the sociological concept arose, what are the main stages in its development and what has it become now.
Objective: to identify the factors that determined the success of investment projects in the field of forest development on the basis of available information about the enterprises – applicants for such projects.Methods: regression analysis of binary choice models, logistic regression.Results: the key constraints of the development of the Russian forest sector are identified. The review of the most relevant scientific research on the topic of investments into forest complex is carried out. Taking into account the identified problems and the analysis of the global experience in solving them, the most promising mechanism in this context was identified – that is, state support for investment projects from the priority list in the field of forest development. Based on a sample of 200 projects, a logit regression model was evaluated, which determines the impact of project parameters on the probability of their successful implementation. The hypothesis that there is a statistically significant impact on the success of investment projects was confirmed for a number of factors: the average revenue and average cost of fixed assets of the enterprise, the absence of employees in the organization, the connection of the enterprise with foreign capital and the fact that the enterprise has been unprofitable for the past three years.Scientific novelty: for the first time, estimates were made of the contribution of the forest complex enterprises’ characteristics to the probability of successful implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development.Practical signifi : the high predictive ability of the model allows using information about the project success determinants to adjust the mechanism for providing support, which will enable to increase the share of successfully implemented projects and therefore increase the effectiveness of this measure of stimulating investment in the development of the Russian forestry industry.
Economics as a science, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
We investigate the asymptotic number of induced subgraphs in power-law uniform random graphs. We show that these induced subgraphs appear typically on vertices with specific degrees, which are found by solving an optimization problem. Furthermore, we show that this optimization problem allows to design a linear-time, randomized algorithm that distinguishes between uniform random graphs and random graph models that create graphs with approximately a desired degree sequence: the power-law rank-1 inhomogeneous random graph. This algorithm uses the fact that some specific induced subgraphs appear significantly more often in uniform random graphs than in rank-1 inhomogeneous random graphs.
Image registration has been widely studied over the past several decades, with numerous applications in science, engineering and medicine. Most of the conventional mathematical models for large deformation image registration rely on prescribed landmarks, which usually require tedious manual labeling and are prone to error. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the use of machine learning for image registration. In this paper, we develop a novel method for large deformation image registration by a fusion of quasiconformal theory and convolutional neural network (CNN). More specifically, we propose a quasiconformal energy model with a novel fidelity term that incorporates the features extracted using a pre-trained CNN, thereby allowing us to obtain meaningful registration results without any guidance of prescribed landmarks. Moreover, unlike many prior image registration methods, the bijectivity of our method is guaranteed by quasiconformal theory. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. More broadly, our work sheds light on how rigorous mathematical theories and practical machine learning approaches can be integrated for developing computational methods with improved performance.
Bruno Torquato de Oliveira Naves, Lorena Machado Rogedo Bastianetto
Hans Jonas’s (1903-1993) thoughts and his imperative of responsibility is the cornerstone of this article, aiming the study of international and Brazilian legal statutes linked to bioethics. Based on the deductive reasoning, this work depicts the broad pontentiality of principles and the major factors concerning ethical responsibility. A reflexive debate about soft universalism, multiculturalism, globalization and individual autonomy is also pursued to establish meaningfulness to those directives. In conclusion, an updated vision of Jonas’responsibility is depicted.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Drugs is a dangerous threat for all people, in addition to the transnational, an increase in drug-related crime is fairly significant. Rehabilitation is one of the efforts to combat drugrelated crimes. However, research shows drug rehabilitation policies for drug users normatively still centrally to law enforcement. In practice, law enforcement still do not understand the philosophy of rehabilitation and prone to the Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism. As a way out, dignified Justice concept is offered to drug users for at humanity. Referring to one of the values of Pancasila, namely, democracy permusywaratan practiced in customary justice. Policy toward drug rehabilitation should involve drug users to help determine period in the future.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Jack O. Law, Alex G. Wong, Halim Kusumatamja
et al.
By combining Monte Carlo simulations and analytical models, we demonstrate and explain how the gas-to-liquid phase transition of colloidal systems confined to a spherical surface depends on the curvature and size of the surface, and on the choice of thermodynamic ensemble. We find that the geometry of the surface affects the shape of the free energy profile and the size of the critical nucleus by altering the perimeter-area ratio of isotropic clusters. Confinement to a smaller spherical surface results in both a lower nucleation barrier and a smaller critical nucleus size. Furthermore, the liquid domain does not grow indefinitely on a sphere. Saturation of the liquid density in the grand canonical ensemble and the depletion of the gas phase in the canonical ensemble lead to a minimum in the free energy profile, with a sharp increase in free energy for additional growth beyond this minimum.
La Dirección Nacional de Derechos de Autor (dnda) condenó al Colegio Montessori por la violación del derecho moral de divulgación del señor Loerbroks. Esta decisión es importante ya que es una de las pocas sentencias en las que se han protegido los derechos morales de los autores en Colombia. La decisión deja entrever la línea jurisprudencial que la dnda poco a poco ha trazado para la protección de los derechos de autor, y en especial de los derechos morales de que goza el autor de la obra. Ello obedece a que, a diferencia de los derechos patrimoniales, estos son perpetuos, inalienables e irrenunciables. Así se evidencia en el caso del artista Gabriel Antonio Calle contra el centro comercial San Diego y en el expuesto en esta reseña.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
El comportamiento no verbal es uno de los temas más controvertidos, hasta enigmáticos, con los que trabajan los profesionales de las ciencias del comportamiento. Todos hemos tenido ocasión de escuchar afirmaciones del tipo: si cruza las piernas, se está protegiendo; si mira arriba a la derecha, miente. ¿Qué hay de verdad en estas afirmaciones? Este manual sale a la luz con ánimo de clarificar estas cuestiones, y otras de mucho mayor calado, así como ofrecer un análisis completo, riguroso e integral de los conocimientos imprescindibles para todo analista del comportamiento no verbal. Quizás por ello, antes de cualquier otra manifestación, los autores advierten que el enfoque del análisis de las conductas no verbales debe ser responsable. Responsable en cuanto la respuesta a la frecuente pregunta: ¿qué significa esta conducta no verbal? debe ser siempre “depende”; ya que, sin contemplar los diferentes factores de análisis en conjunto, es improcedente hacer cualquier tipo de inferencia. Es decir, toda interpretación de una conducta no verbal debe ser valorada en su contexto. En ocasiones, el contexto puede estar anclado en una serie de señales codificadas y compartidas. En otras, activa una serie de respuestas independientes de un sistema codificado (lenguaje) o codificado y compartido (comunicación). De ahí, la elección del concepto “comportamiento no verbal” como título de la obra y de su subtítulo “más allá de la comunicación y el lenguaje”.