Hasil untuk "History of Asia"

Sarkawi B. Husain, La Ode Rabani, Haliadi Haliadi et al.

Central Sulawesi is renowned for its abundance of vital megalithic remnants, with Poso and Sigi districts standing out as key areas with thousands of such remains. This article delves into the endeavors aimed at safeguarding these megalithic remnants, particularly those located in Sigi Regency, notably in Watunonju Village of Sigi Kota District and Loru Village of Sigi Bureaumaru District, commonly referred to as Watunonju. Many of the megalithic remnants preserved in these areas are stone mortars, locally known as "vatunonju". Preserving this invaluable heritage requires concerted protection efforts, including reinforcing customary laws that dictate fines for any damage inflicted upon the sites, elevating the status of these sites to a higher level, both provincially and nationally, and establishing and engaging a community dedicated to the conservation of megalithic remnants and other historical artifacts.

Mifta Abdirozaq, Yety Rochwulaningsih, Alamsyah Alamsyah

Klidang Lor Port was administratively established in 1975 after being separated from Pekalongan Port. Using historical methods, this article aims to analyze the development of facilities and activities at Batang Port from the New Order era to the Reformation period. In the period 1975-1988, fish production increased due to the development of motorboats which were previously traditional vessels. In 1988-1998, the port authority built a harbor pier and lighthouse to make it easier for ships to dock. Port facilities continued to be built until the 1998-2007 period. This article analyzes the productivity of fishermen around Klidang Lor Harbor along with the addition of port facilities. The research results show that one of the facilities at the port that has a significant impact is the Public Fuel Filling Station (SPBU). Apart from that, the change in status from Fishing Port to Klidang Lor Coastal Fishing Port (KPBU) has also increased fishermen's productivity because port facilities continue to be developed.

Ao Lv, Guige Ouyang, Yongzhong Huang et al.

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning involves predicting future events based on historical information. However, due to the unpredictability of future events, this task is highly challenging. To address this issue, we propose a multi-scale hybrid architecture model based on ensemble learning, called RLGNet (Repeating-Local-Global History Network). Inspired by the application of multi-scale information in other fields, we introduce the concept of multi-scale information into TKG reasoning. Specifically, RLGNet captures and integrates different levels of historical information by combining modules that process information at various scales. The model comprises three modules: the Repeating History Module focuses on identifying repetitive patterns and trends in historical data, the Local History Module captures short-term changes and details, and the Global History Module provides a macro perspective on long-term changes. Additionally, to address the limitations of previous single-architecture models in generalizing across single-step and multi-step reasoning tasks, we adopted architectures based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) for the Local and Global History Modules, respectively. This hybrid architecture design enables the model to complement both multi-step and single-step reasoning capabilities. Finally, to address the issue of noise in TKGs, we adopt an ensemble learning strategy, combining the predictions of the three modules to reduce the impact of noise on the final prediction results. In the evaluation on six benchmark datasets, our approach generally outperforms existing TKG reasoning models in multi-step and single-step reasoning tasks.

Tianying Wang, Wenfei Zhang, Ying Wei

Utilizing natural history data as external control plays an important role in the clinical development of rare diseases, since placebo groups in double-blind randomization trials may not be available due to ethical reasons and low disease prevalence. This article proposed an innovative approach for utilizing natural history data to support rare disease clinical development by constructing reference centile charts. Due to the deterioration nature of certain rare diseases, the distributions of clinical endpoints can be age-dependent and have an absorbing state of zero, which can result in censored natural history data. Existing methods of reference centile charts can not be directly used in the censored natural history data. Therefore, we propose a new calibrated zero-inflated kernel quantile (ZIKQ) estimation to construct reference centile charts from censored natural history data. Using the application to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy drug development, we demonstrate that the reference centile charts using the ZIKQ method can be implemented to evaluate treatment efficacy and facilitate a more targeted patient enrollment in rare disease clinical development.

Andrey A. Kurapov

Goals. The article aims to explore some unpublished documents relating to the interaction between Rev. Hieromonk Gury, Associate Professor of the Kazan Theological Academy, and Astrakhan Diocesan Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society, the former contained in Collection 597 ‘Astrakhan Diocesan Committee of the Missionary Orthodox Society’ (State Archive of Astrakhan Oblast). Materials and methods. The study analyzes a set of archival documents of 1907 narrating about the cooperation between Astrakhan Diocesan Committee and Kazan Theological Academy, including ones describing scientific and teaching endeavors of Rev. Hieromonk Gury. The article employs comparative and historical-descriptive methods of historical research. Results. The paper examines and introduces into scientific circulation a number of documents dated 1907 — a petition by Associate Professor of Kazan Theological Academy hieromonk Gury to Bishop Georgy of Astrakhan, resolution of the Bishop, decision of Astrakhan Diocesan Committee, letter of Hieromonk Gury to Bishop Georgy of Astrakhan, the latter’s appeal to the Committee, and Rev. Gury’s notification confirming the delivery of publications — from Collection 597 of the State Archive of Astrakhan Oblast. The documents are an important historical source on missionary activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kalmyk Steppe, interaction between Astrakhan Diocesan Committee and Kazan Theological Academy, and are most instrumental in discovering additional data pertaining to the biography of the prominent Mongolist Rev. Hieromonk Gury.

Ichtiar Wilujeng Margarini

The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in students' understanding of history in the national movement material through the field trip learning method. This study used a qualitative research type where the research was conducted using observation methods at the Museum Sumpah Pemuda and literature studies on several relevant sources. The results obtained are (1) the history teacher's problems in teaching history to students; (2) knowing the field trip learning method at the Museum Sumpah Pemuda; and (3) the benefits of historical learning methods to improve understanding of history. Keywords: field trips, museums, youth pledge

K. O. Sarkisov

Values and standards of contemporary Japan preserved a significant number of traditional elements. Commonly it is believed that economic achievements of this country and so called “economic miracle” of 60-80s last century were relevant to them. Behavior of Japanese in business contacts among themselves and with foreigners was also influenced by the specifics of natural conditions and combination of different cultural and religious values, born inside and brought from outside. For a long time many attempts were made to comprehend the reasons why the economic achievements of Japan have been so great. In 1980s and 1990s western literature on the negotiation's technique with the Japanese strived to find the “key” to the psychology of Japanese businessmen, to recognize the “logic” and “symbolism" of his behavior. The article does not have an ambition to give comprehensive answers to these questions. It presents only a general review of many assessments given in numerous studies on this subject, and express own assessment of both false and just, exaggerated or dependent on circumstances. And the topic itself is considered in a certain dynamics. It is emphasized that in the 90s the situation for Japanese business began to change. Alongside the growth of Japanese investments abroad, the mass entry of national companies into the international arena, Japanese negotiators began to change their behavior and adapt to external conditions. Nevertheless they managed to preserve the traditional system of values. The national business culture has adapted to international standards, while preserving its cultural “core”. Special attention is paid to the problem of the psychology in business negotiations and in the course of contacts. Such factors are considered as mutual understanding and trust; preliminary deep inquiring of the likelihood of success in negotiations; the role of language and the quality of translation; partner selection criteria; criteria for choosing the place and time of negotiations; behavior at the talks, on the sidelines and at receptions and other on the surface small, but very important elements. However the primary focus is on the choice of behavior strategy.

Ke Wang, Lu Chen

In cosmology, the fine-structure constant can affect the whole ionization history. However, the previous works confine themselves to the recombination epoch and give various strong constraints on the fine-structure constant. In this paper, we also take the reionization epoch into consideration and do a consistency test of the fine-structure constant from the whole ionization history. From the data combination of Planck 2018, BAO data, SNIa samples, SFR density from UV and IR measurements, and the $Q_\text{HII}$ constraints, we find the constraint on the fine-structure constant during the recombination epoch is $α_{\text{rec}}/α_{\text{EM}}=1.001494^{+0.002041}_{-0.002063}$ and its counterpart during the reionization epoch is $α_{\text{rei}}/α_{\text{EM}}=0.854034^{+0.031678}_{-0.027209}$ at 68$\%$ C.L.. They are not consistent with each other by $4.64σ$. A conservative explanation for such a discrepancy is that there are some issues in the data we used. We prefer a calibration of some important parameters involved in reconstructing the reionization history.

Tetsuya Hashimoto, Tomotsugu Goto, Ting-Yi Lu et al.

Revealing the cosmic reionisation history is at the frontier of extragalactic astronomy. The power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarisation can be used to constrain the reionisation history. Here we propose a CMB-independent method using fast radio bursts (FRBs) to directly measure the ionisation fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM) as a function of redshift. FRBs are new astronomical transients with millisecond timescales. Their dispersion measure (DM$_{\rm IGM}$) is an indicator of the amount of ionised material in the IGM. Since the differential of DM$_{\rm IGM}$ against redshift is proportional to the ionisation fraction, our method allows us to directly measure the reionisation history without any assumption on its functional shape. As a proof of concept, we constructed mock non-repeating FRB sources to be detected with the Square Kilometre Array, assuming three different reionisation histories with the same optical depth of Thomson scattering. We considered three cases of redshift measurements: (A) spectroscopic redshift for all mock data, (B) spectroscopic redshift for 10% of mock data, and (C) redshift estimated from an empirical relation of FRBs between their time-integrated luminosity and rest-frame intrinsic duration. In all cases, the reionisation histories are consistently reconstructed from the mock FRB data using our method. Our results demonstrate the capability of future FRBs in constraining the reionisation history.

Georgios T. Halkias

The history of the earliest transmission of Indian Buddhism to Tibet in the 7th– 8thcenturies is in essence the story of the transmission of its scriptures. Tibetan translations of Sanskrit texts from the early imperial period, along with manuscripts translated from the 11thcentury onwards, contributed to the formation of Buddhist scriptural collections. Today different versions of the Tibetan Kangyur survive in the interior and at the margins of the Tibetan cultural world. This Perspectives piece serves as a modest introduction to the illustrated Prajñāpāramitā manuscripts and handwritten Buddhist canons preserved in the Indian north-western Himalayas. Their further study will undoubtedly advance our knowledge of Ladakh’s cultural and religious heritage and offer critical insights in the formation of Tibetan canonical literature. The purpose of this overview is to highlight the results of initial findings, explain how they relate to existing knowledge, and raise important themes for additional enquiries.

Daniel A. Dale, Kristin R. Anderson, Louis M. Bran et al.

The spatially resolved star formation histories are studied for 32 normal star-forming galaxies drawn from the the Spitzer Extended Disk Galaxy Exploration Science survey. At surface brightness sensitivities fainter than 28 mag arcsec$^{-2}$, the new optical photometry is deep enough to complement archival ultraviolet and infrared imaging and to explore the properties of the emission well beyond the traditional optical extents of these nearby galaxies. Fits to the spectral energy distributions using a delayed star formation history model indicate a subtle but interesting average radial trend for the spiral galaxies: the inner stellar systems decrease in age with increasing radius, consistent with inside-out disk formation, but the trend reverses in the outermost regions with the stellar age nearly as old as the innermost stars. These results suggest an old stellar outer disk population formed through radial migration and/or the cumulative history of minor mergers and accretions of satellite dwarf galaxies. The subset of S0 galaxies studied here show the opposite trend compared to what is inferred for spirals: characteristic stellar ages that are increasingly older with radius for the inner portions of the galaxies, and increasingly younger stellar ages for the outer portions. This result suggests that either S0 galaxies are not well modeled by a delayed-$τ$ model, and/or that S0 galaxies have a more complicated formation history than spiral galaxies.

Harald Tambs-Lyche

Rupa Banerjee, Partha Pal, Susan Hutfless et al.

Background/Aims Information about familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia is limited. We aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk of familial IBD in an Indian cohort and compare familial and sporadic cases. Methods Familial IBD cases were identified from a large prospectively maintained IBD registry. The prevalence of IBD in first- and seconddegree relatives of index cases was evaluated. The disease behavior was compared to that of sporadic cases. Results Total 3,553 patients (ulcerative colitis [UC], 2,053; Crohn’s disease [CD], 1,500) were included. Familial IBD was noted in 4.13% of CD and 4.34% of UC patients. Family history was commoner in pediatric group (< 18 years) (P= 0.0002; odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–4.8). Majority had paternal transmission (UC, 67.42%; CD, 70.97%). Concordance of disease type was higher in UC (79.7%) compared to CD (37.1%). Familial IBD was associated with higher cumulative relapse rate (CD, P< 0.001; UC, P< 0.001), higher cumulative rate of surgery (CD, P< 0.001; UC, P< 0.001) and higher rate of biologic use (CD, P= 0.010; UC, P= 0.015). Pan-colitis was higher in familial UC (P= 0.003; OR, 1.935; 95% CI, 1.248–3.000). Fistulizing disease was commoner in familial CD (P= 0.041; OR, 2.044; 95% CI, 1.030–4.056). Conclusions The prevalence of familial IBD in India appears comparable to rest of Asia but lower than the West. It is associated with a younger age of onset, higher incidence of pan-colitis in UC and fistulizing complications in CD. Familial IBD has higher cumulative relapse, surgery and biologic use rates. Hence, family history of IBD could have important prognostic implications.

Christopher C Drovandi, David J Nott, Daniel E Pagendam

The aim of the history matching method is to locate non-implausible regions of the parameter space of complex deterministic or stochastic models by matching model outputs with data. It does this via a series of waves where at each wave an emulator is fitted to a small number of training samples. An implausibility measure is defined which takes into account the closeness of simulated and observed outputs as well as emulator uncertainty. As the waves progress, the emulator becomes more accurate so that training samples are more concentrated on promising regions of the space and poorer parts of the space are rejected with more confidence. Whilst history matching has proved to be useful, existing implementations are not fully automated and some ad-hoc choices are made during the process, which involves user intervention and is time consuming. This occurs especially when the non-implausible region becomes small and it is difficult to sample this space uniformly to generate new training points. In this article we develop a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithm for implementing history matching that is semi-automated. Our novel SMC approach reveals that the history matching method yields a non-implausible region that can be multi-modal, highly irregular and very difficult to sample uniformly. Our SMC approach offers a much more reliable sampling of the non-implausible space, which requires additional computation compared to other approaches used in the literature.

Maria Victorovna Pruzhinskaya, Sergey Mikhailovich Lisakov

This paper is dedicated to the discovery of one of the most important relationships in supernova cosmology - the relation between the peak luminosity of Type Ia supernovae and their luminosity decline rate after maximum light. The history of this relationship is quite long and interesting. The relationship was independently discovered by the American statistician and astronomer Bert Woodard Rust and the Soviet astronomer Yury Pavlovich Pskovskii in the 1970s. Using a limited sample of Type I supernovae they were able to show that the brighter the supernova is, the slower its luminosity declines after maximum. Only with the appearance of CCD cameras could Mark Phillips re-inspect this relationship on a new level of accuracy using a better sample of supernovae. His investigations confirmed the idea proposed earlier by Rust and Pskovskii.

F. Suekane, T. J. C. Bezerra

This is a contribution paper from the Double Chooz experiment to the special issue of NPB on neutrino oscillations. The physics and a history of the reactor theta13 experiments, as well as Double Chooz experiment and its neutrino oscillation analyses are reviewed.

Dimas Agil Marenda, Ahmad Nasikun, Canggih Puspo Wibowo

In this paper, we would like to propose our web-based application for Islamic history learning system, named Digitory-Digital History. There are two main navigations to browse historical stories on the web. One is location-based navigation using on-line map which gives users access to understand events during Islamic introduction to Indonesia based on the location. Alternatively, users can browse on time base using sliding navigation marked timely, so they can comprehend history in time sequence. Implementing semantic web, this web-app can suggest users related articles, either based on time series, location similarities, or time-domain similarities, and also suggest pictures related to the articles. AJAX strengthen the real-time access and interactivity as users navigate around the web. By the end of this research, we will have the web-app prototype completed with its fundamental location-based navigation, semantic relationship among articles and pictures, and time- based navigation system. As the web-app deployed, we have some volunteers to try our application so that we can evaluate its result, particularly its effectiveness.

Reza Bigdellu

Orientalogy has been considered as a collection of studies and researches by the scholars and institutions in western countries being connected to the diverse eastern issues. Iranology as a branch of Orientalogy could be deemed to be a classified collection of studies and researches by the western scholars towards recognizing the language, literature, history, religious texts, thoughts, culture of Iran land, as well as the Iranian civilized domain. Motivation and objectives of these studies has been the heart of discussions for decades. This research examines the content of English Iranology works in 19th century and the first half of 20th century and the re- manifestation of its relationship with the political, military as well as economic requirements of England in Iran and Asia and raises this question regarding the relationship between the policies of England in Iran and Asia and their Iranology researches. The findings of research reveal that the government of England has taken advantage of Iranology as a colonial method; moreover, the English Iranologists have been attentive towards the development of their individual identity via their researches in Iran. The other properties of English Iranology are considered to be hostility against Islam, archaism, and racism.

Tao-Chun Peng, Chung-Ching Wang, James Yi-Hsin Chan et al.

Background: Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS), an uncommon phenomenon that turns urine tubes or bags purple or blue, can be encountered in long-term-care facilities. A thorough literature review shows that East Asia has a high incidence of PUBS. It is important to recognize the clinical features and risk factors of this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of patients with PUBS and correlate the onset of PUBS symptoms with risk factors. Materials and Methods: We reported nine cases of clinically confirmed PUBS between January 2009 and June 2013. Pertinent clinical information was collected, including age, feeding type, renal function, type of Foley catheter, urine analysis, and bacteriological data. Results: All of patients with PUBS presented with stable vital signs without evidence of clinical infection, such as fever or chills. The mean age of the patients was 86.6 ± 10.1 years, with a preponderance of females (77%). Five PUBS patients (55%) had a history of chronic renal insufficiency. Six patients (66%) had constipation. A logistic regression univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant urine pH in patients with PUBS [odds ratio (OR), 3.078; P = 0.036]. Risk factors, such as gender, were found to be significant using logistic regression multivariate analysis (OR, 0.031; P = 0.021). During the follow-up, all of the patients had Foley catheters re-inserted, and all of the patients received health education. Conclusion: The incidence of PUBS in the elderly population is associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria, urine pH, and gender but not renal function, type of feeding, or type of Foley catheter used. To understand PUBS and maintain urological hygiene, it is important to educate families and health care workers about PUBS and to recognize that PUBS is not regarded as a symptom of severe disease.

Amrish Saxena, Benjamine Khiangte, Iadarilang Tiewsoh

Scrub typhus is an acute infectious illness, distributed throughout the Asia Pacific rim. In India, it has been reported from northern, eastern, and southern India. However, cases of scrub typhus have not been well-documented from Vidarbha, an eastern region of Maharashtra state in central India. We report two cases of complicated scrub typhus from Vidarbha region. These cases admitted in unconscious state with 8-10 days history of fever, body ache, cough, and progressive breathlessness. The diagnosis in both cases was based on presence of eschar, a positive Weil-Felix test, and a positive rapid diagnostic test (immunochromatographic assay). Both cases were complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure. Both of them presented in their 2 nd week of illness and died during the hospital course in spite of intensive supportive care. The main cause of mortality was delayed referral leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment.