Hasil untuk "General works"

Yingqian Huang, Yanfeng Jiang, Xinran Hou

Alleviating rural poverty plays a critical role in achieving comprehensive rural revitalization. This study selects typical villages in karst rocky desertification poverty-stricken mountainous areas as the research objects and applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). Using an element–structure–function framework, this paper explores the driving mechanism of the multi-factor linkage of rural regional systems and the revitalization of poverty-stricken villages. The results show that single antecedent conditions are not necessary conditions for the rural revitalization of poverty-stricken villages. There are seven distinct pathways to achieve the revitalization of poverty-stricken villages, which are categorized into function–structure driven types, function–element driven types, and function–structure–element driven types. Each type has different configurations of influencing factors. This study uncovers the complex interaction mechanism among multiple factors behind the rural revitalization of poverty-stricken villages from a systematic perspective, offering insights to guide targeted local policy development.

Massimo Barbieri

Chitosan is a biopolymer synthesized by deacetylation of chitin, a polysaccharide that can be obtained from various renewable resources, mainly waste from marine food production [...]

Kason Ka Ching Cheung, Ho-Yin Chan, Sibel Erduran

Abstract News media plays a vital role in communicating scientific evidence to the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such communication is important for convincing the public to follow social distancing guidelines and to respond to health campaigns such as vaccination programmes. However, newspapers were criticised that they focus on the socio-political perspective of science, without explaining the nature of scientific works behind the government’s decisions. This paper examines the connections of the nature of science categories in the COVID-19 era by four local newspapers in the United Kingdom between November 2021 to February 2022. Nature of science refers to different aspects of how science works such as aims, values, methods and social institutions of science. Considering the news media may mediate public information and perception of scientific stories, it is relevant to ask how the various British newspapers covered aspects of science during the pandemic. In the period explored, Omicron variant was initially a variant of concern, and an increasing number of scientific evidence showed that the less severity of this variant might move the country from pandemic to endemic. We explored how news articles communicate public health information by addressing how science works during the period when Omicron variants surge. A novel discourse analysis approach, epistemic network analysis is used to characterise the frequency of connections of categories of the nature of science. The connection between political factors and the professional activities of scientists, as well as that with scientific practices are more apparent in left-populated and centralist outlets than in right-populated news outlets. Among four news outlets across the political spectrum, a left-populated newspaper, the Guardian, is not consistent in representing relations of different aspects of the nature of scientific works across different stages of the public health crisis. Inconsistency of addressing aspects of scientific works and a downplay of the cognitive-epistemic nature of scientific works likely lead to failure in trust and consumption of scientific knowledge by the public in the healthcare crisis.

Wengang Chen, Hongying He, Jianguo Liu et al.

Solar photovoltaic power generation has the characteristics of intermittence and randomness, which makes it a challenge to accurately predict solar power generation power, and it is difficult to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, by fully considering the relationship between power generation data and climate factors, a new prediction method is proposed based on sliced bidirectional long short term memory and the attention mechanism. The prediction results show that the presented model has higher accuracy than the common prediction models multi-layer perceptron, convolution neural network, long short term memory and bidirectional long short term memory. The presented sliced bidirectional cyclic network has high prediction accuracy by low root mean square error and mean absolute error of 1.999 and 1.159 respectively. The time cost is only 24.32% of that of long short term memory network and 13.76% of that of bidirectional long short term memory network.

William Gilpin

Chaos and unpredictability are traditionally synonymous, yet large-scale machine-learning methods recently have demonstrated a surprising ability to forecast chaotic systems well beyond typical predictability horizons. However, recent works disagree on whether specialized methods grounded in dynamical systems theory, such as reservoir computers or neural ordinary differential equations, outperform general-purpose large-scale learning methods such as transformers or recurrent neural networks. These prior studies perform comparisons on few individually chosen chaotic systems, thereby precluding robust quantification of how statistical modeling choices and dynamical invariants of different chaotic systems jointly determine empirical predictability. Here, we perform the largest to-date comparative study of forecasting methods on the classical problem of forecasting chaos: we benchmark 24 state-of-the-art forecasting methods on a crowdsourced database of 135 low-dimensional systems with 17 forecast metrics. We find that large-scale, domain-agnostic forecasting methods consistently produce predictions that remain accurate up to two dozen Lyapunov times, thereby accessing a long-horizon forecasting regime well beyond classical methods. We find that, in this regime, accuracy decorrelates with classical invariant measures of predictability like the Lyapunov exponent. However, in data-limited settings outside the long-horizon regime, we find that physics-based hybrid methods retain a comparative advantage due to their strong inductive biases.

Sajeda Pervin, Mohammad Nazari Ismail, Abu Hanifa Md Noman

The role played by microfinancing in the empowerment of women has been a subject of debate in recent literature. By employing the case study method, this paper explores the influencing determinants. Data was obtained from a field interview comprised of 20 female microfinance borrowers and their male family members, as well as focus group discussions and participant observation. The economic, social, and political empowerment of the interviewed women were assessed using Kabeer’s empowerment framework, and the results reveal that microfinancing does not influence the economic and political dimensions of female empowerment; instead, microfinancing was observed to empower women socially, particularly with respect to their participation in major decision-making. The results further indicate that the age, family type, educational level, financial literacy, and training of female microfinance clients play important roles in their empowerment.

M. S. Novikov

Maintaining political stability and unity of the territory of the state is an important task for any government. It becomes especially relevant in cases where different territories of the state have ethnically different populations. Areas with mixed populations, especially those driven by migration, are potential areas of stress. Reasonable implementation of the rights and freedoms of citizens in economic and cultural terms, freedom of movement, is a guarantee of stable development or at least peaceful migration. An analysis of the history of the creation of German national regions in the USSR shows a picture of the gradual assimilation of the German population or its migration outside the country. The article discusses the creation of a Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District to ensure economic and cultural rights. The work is carried out on the basis of multifaceted sources. As a result of the fulfillment of the goal of the study — the reconstruction of the history of the region’s reconstruction against the background of the development of the German national movement and the influence of its international obligations on the country’s leadership, the following conclusions can be drawn. The creation of the Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District is culturally, economically and politically expedient. Of interest there are also the conclusions about the possibilities within the framework of the Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District to resolve the problems of emigration and migration, as well as the issues of raising the standard of living of the population.

José Omar Varela Herrera, Leiden Liseth Márquez Rodríguez

El artículo tuvo como objetivo, analizar las prácticas pedagógicas interculturales en los licenciados en formación de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad Popular del Cesar. Metodológicamente, se enmarcó en la tradición cualitativa desde una perspectiva fenomenológica, utilizando la entrevista como instrumento para recoger información. Los datos revelaron debilidades en los docentes y en los estudiantes, como informantes del proceso investigativo, sobre su conocimiento del enfoque educativo intercultural. La entrevista evidenció que les otorgan significatividad a las prácticas pedagógicas interculturales en la formación del profesorado. Las conclusiones apuntaron hacia la necesidad de aportar una serie de orientaciones para la acción pedagógica a los fines de potenciar y optimizar las prácticas interculturales que, actualmente, son utilizadas por los docentes y estudiantes, con la finalidad de contribuir al abordaje de la interculturalidad en el escenario educativo.

Bernardo Kolling Limberger

Estudos sobre o processamento da leitura bilíngue/multilíngue têm evidenciado de forma robusta que o acesso lexical é não seletivo, havendo uma busca paralela em todos os subsistemas linguísticos. Esse efeito tem sido replicado nas pesquisas mais recentes nas quais são apresentadas sentenças aos participantes. O contexto de sentença também mostra que pode haver coativação sintática, de modo que as representações sintáticas de uma língua possam facilitar o processamento de estruturas semelhantes na outra língua. De forma geral, tais as investigações incluem línguas hegemônicas e majoritárias. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o acesso lexical durante o processamento de sentenças em alemão padrão por falantes de hunsriqueano, língua de imigração alemã falada no Brasil. Foi aplicada uma Tarefa de compreensão de sentenças em alemão. Dois grupos participaram da pesquisa: um composto por falantes de hunsriqueano, o outro por não falantes de qualquer língua minoritária de origem alemã. Todos os participantes estudam alemão como língua estrangeira. Os resultados mostram um efeito do compartilhamento de representações semânticas, fonológicas (acesso lexical não seletivo) e sintáticas (coativação sintática) entre hunsriqueano e alemão no processamento de sentenças em alemão. Por meio dos resultados, visamos contribuir com a pesquisa em línguas minoritárias e processamento da leitura, uma relação nem sempre trivial.

Rafał Zaczkowski

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia biografię naukową Tadeusza Konrada Przypkowskiego (1905–1977), wybitnego eksperta w dziedzinie gnomoniki – jest to pierwsze w literaturze tak obszerne opracowanie tego tematu. Był on z wykształcenia historykiem sztuki i nauki, doktoryzował się w 1929 roku na podstawie pracy o XVII-wiecznym rzeźbiarzu małopolskim Janie Pfisterze, a habilitował w 1965 roku na podstawie pracy Naukowe pojęcie deklinacji magnetycznej w Polsce. Od najmłodszych lat interesował się gnomoniką, rekonstruował i tworzył nowe zegary słoneczne, restaurował zabytkowe. Prowadził badania, publikując na ten temat artykuły w czasopismach naukowych i popularnonaukowych. Jego pasja, którą była gnomonika, sprawiła, że stał się wybitnym specjalistą znanym i cenionym w kraju i na świecie. Wielokrotnie pełnił rolę konsultanta i wykonawcy zegarów słonecznych. Brał udział w sympozjach i konferencjach naukowych, na których wygłaszał odczyty, entuzjastycznie przyjmowane przez uczestników. Do dnia dzisiejszego jego prace można oglądać i podziwiać w wielu miastach w Polsce i za granicą.  

A. José Farrujia de la Rosa

En este artículo se contextualizan tres conceptos que están presentes de forma ininterrumpida en el estudio arqueológico y en la divulgación de las culturas indígenas, como sucede con el caso canario. Estos conceptos son: colonialismo, historia y teoría. Este abanico de términos, a priori arbitrario, recoge conceptos que han contribuido a esconder realidades, a desatar sentimientos, actitudes y valores. Son palabras que nos permiten examinar cómo las culturas indígenas canarias han sido malentendidas o analizadas desde los textos de las primeras crónicas e historias generales del siglo XIV, hasta llegar a los discursos académicos y cotidianos del siglo XXI. A partir de un enfoque poscolonial, este artículo persigue promover una comprensión más crítica sobre las premisas, las motivaciones y los valores sobre los que se construyen las prácticas investigadoras y la divulgación del patrimonio arqueológico.

Syaifuddin Yudha Saputra, Subari Subari

Game merupakan program permainan bertujuan untuk menghibur. Game yang paling efektif untuk menghilangkan stres adalah game yang mudah dipelajari, tetapi memiliki tujuan yang sulit dicapai. Salah satu contoh adalah game balap (racing game). Game yang dapat dimainkan oleh banyak pemain (multiplayer) tentunya akan memberikan pengalaman bermain yang lebih menyenangkan dibandingkan jika bermain game seorang diri atau melawan AI (Artificial Intelligence). Meskipun demikian banyak pengguna yang merasa jenuh karena permainan dianggap monoton. Dikarenakan pada racing game yang free tidak bisa mengganti jenis mobil yang diinginkan dan membuat room sendiri untuk bermain. Sedangkan untuk yang berbayar dirasa kurang efektif karena harus melakukan transaksi pembayaran untuk membeli jenis mobil yang diinginkan. Game ini memiliki fitur utama, yaitu bermain secara realtime multiplayer, dalam fitur tersebut, pengguna dapat membuat room bermain sendiri ataupun memilih untuk masuk ke room yang sudah dibuat oleh player lainnya. Pemain akan disuguhkan dengan tampilan antarmuka yang mudah digunakan. Pemain akan bermain dengan 3 player lainnya dalam waktu yang sama. Dalam fitur main tersebut, pemain diharuskan menghubungkan smartphone android ke internet, fitur main juga menyediakan beberapa pilihan jenis mobil player dan track balapan yang akan digunakan dalam permainan. Pemain juga akan dimanjakan dengan control yang mudah dipahami dan digunakan dalam permainan. Sebagai pengujian game, Peneliti akan melakukan pengujian secara langsung dalam waktu yang sama. Pengujian dilakukan secara serentak dengan menggunakan perangkat Smartphone Android dengan berbagai kriteria pengujian yang ada. Penggunaan teknologi multiplayer pada game dapat diterapkan tanpa butuh biaya apapun untuk menggunakan server secara realtime. Framework Photon Unity Networking (Free) yang digunakan peneliti sebagai pengatur multiplayer pada game ini terbukti dapat berjalan dengan baik dan mudah diterapkan dalam penggunannya. Adapun manfaat dari game ini yaitu sebagai sarana hiburan di waktu luang, melatih kemampuan player untuk memenangkan permainan dengan menghadapi pesaing di dalam game, dan menambah alternatif game multiplayer di smartphone. Diharapkan dengan adanya game ini dapat membangun aplikasi game multiplayer pada android yang mudah dimainkan, menantang, menarik juga tidak membosankan dan dapat membangun aplikasi game multiplayer sebagai sarana hiburan oleh pengguna.

Williana Silva

O presente trabalho objetiva-se investigar a relação de gênero e a produção contemporânea nas Artes Visuais. Apresentaremos conceitos do movimento feminista e seus respectivos impactos na Arte Contemporânea Latina Americana. O surgimento do movimento feminista com suas reivindicações de igualdade de gênero, direitos e participações das mulheres nas esferas políticas e sociais influenciou e influencia as mulheres artistas a falarem e representarem nas suas obras sobre as questões que as atravessam. Sobre essa trajetória, pensaremos a produção artística contemporânea de algumas mulheres latinas que buscam problematizar conceitos de gênero, sexualidade e violência. Uma imagem inferiorizada do ser feminino foi construída dentro do pensamento de todo o ocidente. As mulheres foram distanciadas ao longo da história de todas as atividades ligadas ao intelecto, ou seja, essas atividades do intelecto e de ordem pública eram somente associadas ao masculino. A história da arte ocidental estruturada por uma lógica machista, sexista e misógina colocou as mulheres no lugar de objeto dentro da própria arte. As mulheres sempre foram representadas artisticamente para atender os desejos e os critérios masculinos, uma relação desigual se estabeleceu em nossa cultura. O feminismo afetou o movimento artístico no final do século XX e começo do século XXI, diversificado e ampliando poéticas, teorias e práticas artísticas. As discussões contemporâneas latinas a respeito da arte fecundam debates políticos de emancipação dos direitos das mulheres, questionam as narrativas e a historiografia hegemônica das Artes Visuais e pensam novas perspectivas de raça, gênero e classe. As reflexões dão ênfase à inserção da produção de mulheres artistas e como essas produções estão situadas em um espaço de resistência e resiliência.  A trajetória influente do feminismo na década de 1960 deixa marcas politicas na arte, as poéticas insubordinadas dessas artistas dão novas formas e sentidos à história da arte.

Zach Kleinman, Descargar W. Timothy Gallwey, Zach et al.

Jessica Martins Marques Luiz, Ana Claudia Rodrigues Russi

O presente estudo tem por objetivo geral analisar a discussão e a solução proposta para o problema do desemprego apresentada no Relatório Jacques Delors publicado no Brasil em 1998. Para atender a tal objetivo, nos fundamentamos na perspectiva materialista histórica buscando compreender, mesmo que brevemente, como se estrutura o modo de produção e reprodução da vida no sistema capitalista. Portanto, as discussões são apresentadas em três itens; inicialmente, apresentamos a discussão presente no Relatório Delors sobre educação e desemprego; em seguida, expusemos as principais características do modo de produção capitalista e como o problema do desemprego se desenvolve nesta sociedade; e, por fim, realizamos uma discussão acerca das possibilidades e limites da proposta do Relatório Delors para a solução do desemprego.  Concluímos que existem limitações na compreensão do Relatório Delors sobre a questão do desemprego e da qualificação profissional e que é preciso discutir estas questões a partir de sua determinação econômica para evitar uma culpabilização indevida sob os trabalhadores.

R.T. Safarov

Research in the field of etymology demands from a specialist in-depth knowledge, vast erudition, language skills, extensive work experience. Therefore, there are not many works in this area in Tatar linguistics. Rifkat Gazizzyanovich Akhmetyanov is a linguist who devoted his life to this particular field of linguistics. His “Eymological Dictionary of the Tatar Language” is a long-awaited work not only for the Tatar humanitarians, but also for the whole Turkic world and researchers of the history and language of the ethnic groups neighboring with the Tatars. This is the first fundamental etymological dictionary in Tatar linguistics. The two-volume dictionary contains information about the origin and formation of approximately 10 300 words, not counting their numerous variants. First of all, the author’s intention was to give an etymological analysis of the lexical structure of the Tatar literary language. Therefore, the dictionary contains all the root words of the three-volume explanatory dictionary of the Tatar language, published in 1977–1981. Special attention was also given to actively developing etymology of dialect vocabulary linking the Tatar language with other Turkic languages or borrowed from other languages. In general, each entry is composed of vocable, its translation into Russian, dialectal variants with their values, indications of source language (if it is a borrowing), area of distribution, i.e. parallels of analyzed lexema, first of all, from the Turkic or, in certain cases, from the Slavic and Finno-Ugric and other languages (if it is not a borrowing). If the etymology of the word is clear, the author points out it. If it causes some controversy, he cites the opinion of authoritative researchers, expresses his attitude and so on. The huge linguistic material based on the consistent scientific principles, studied in details and recorded in the dictionary, allows us to form an opinion on the influence of other languages on the Tatar one at different times as well as on the extent of this influence. This correspondingly contributes to a greater awareness of the past of the Tatar people, its history and culture.

Y. Takeda

D. Chubin, E. Garfield

R. Oliver, R. Winer

J. Cornil, J. Brédas, J. Zaumseil et al.