Hasil untuk "English literature"

Song Y, Peng L, Wu L et al.

Yanyan Song, Lishu Peng, Lin Wu, Xue Liu, Yan Wang School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People’ s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan Wang, School of Nursing, Hebei University, No. 342 of Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13833258628, Email chjanwy@163.comPurpose: This paper compiles the scope of research on exercise rehabilitation intention among patients with cardiovascular diseases and identifies the current landscape, influencing factors, assessment instruments, and intervention strategies related to exercise rehabilitation intention, aiming to inform clinical efforts aimed at encouraging active patient engagement in rehabilitation.Methods: Eleven Chinese and English databases were systematically searched between the database’s creation and August 28, 2024, under the scoping review methodology. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction.Results: A total of 25 studies were included (21 in English, 4 in Chinese), 16 specifically assessed exercise rehabilitation intentions in cardiovascular disease patients, approximately half (8/16) of the cardiovascular disease patients exhibited suboptimal exercise rehabilitation intention. The assessment tools for exercise rehabilitation intentions are diverse, with dimensions primarily focused on willingness and planning. Determinants included psychosocial, disease-related, and sociodemographic factors. Identified intervention strategies included group health education, individual psychological support, and motivational interviewing.Conclusion: Among cardiovascular disease patients exercise rehabilitation intentions remain inconsistent, as approximately half of the studies indicating medium-to-low average levels, which are influenced by several factors. Therefore, to accurately assess patients’ levels of exercise rehabilitation intention, further research may focus on enhancing the dimensions, reliability, and validity of assessment tools. Exploring multifaceted and varied intervention strategies could potentially improve patients’ exercise rehabilitation intention and compliance.Keywords: cardiovascular disease, behavioral intention, exercise rehabilitation intention, prevention, scope review

Brad Vice

For most of his career, Mississippi author Barry Hannah was deemed the postmodern heir to William Faulkner and is best known for the short fiction in his landmark collection Airships (1978), which begins with the muchanthologized story “Water Liars.” Like many of the meta-fictionalist masters of the 1970s (Barth, Coover, etc.), Hannah stepped inside/outside the frame of his fictions, often in his case by using highly elevated language, and syntax to depict a rogue’s gallery of down-and-out characters, as well as the construction of numerous autobiographical personas, which wink and wave to his initiated readers. Thus, Hannah’s fiction is not only funny, it is playful, as if to invite the reader into some fictional game. As Hannah’s career developed, this sense of gamesmanship only seemed to increase as the characters and settings of many fictions began to reappear or return for cameo appearances. The characters first introduced in “Water Liars” reappear intermittently throughout Hannah’s thirty-year career and populate the community we come to know as Eagle Lake, the setting for Hannah’s final novel Yonder Stands Your Orphan (2001). While other critics have examined Hannah’s passions for tennis and golf as having thematic significance, this article will focus on the pastime of fishing as well as many other intertextual games played inside/outside the frame of Hannah’s Eagle Lake Stories, to reckon with how they inform his swan song, Yonder Stands Your Orphan. Ultimately, the paper will consider to what extent writing itself is a literary game on a meta level, a dynamic in which writers and tellers of tall tales strive against not only their peers but also their forbears.

Hadeel Ghazzawi, Raghad Al Aqaili, Batool Khataybeh et al.

The achievements of Olympic athletes are often highlighted, whereas the successes of Paralympians are frequently overlooked. Paralympic athletes with disabilities face unique nutritional challenges due to variations in energy expenditure and nutrient requirements associated with their specific disabilities and sports. Hydration is critical, particularly for athletes with spinal cord injuries, who may struggle with body temperature regulation. Despite the importance of nutrition in enhancing athletic performance, there is a lack of research focused on the nutritional requirements of Paralympic athletes. This scholarly review provides a comprehensive overview of the energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient requirements, including those for minerals and vitamins, supplements, and fluid intake, of Paralympic athletes aged 18 and older. This literature search was conducted via the Scopus and Google Scholar databases and focused on English-language original articles published between 1990 and 2024. This review included 56 studies. These findings highlight the necessity for tailored nutritional planning to support the performance and health of Paralympic athletes. Close monitoring of individual intake is essential to adjust for fluctuations in macronutrients, micronutrient supplements, and fluid intake. Ongoing research is vital for developing effective nutritional strategies that accommodate the diverse needs of these athletes.

C. Goodacre, J. Kan, K. Rungcharassaeng

Nicole J. Wilson, Elizabeth Worden, Grace O'Hanlon

Arctic community-based monitoring (CBM) programs have proliferated in recent decades. While the desire to influence decision-making is frequently listed as a motivation for CBM, there is a dearth of literature examining whether and how this goal is achieved in the Arctic. We draw on a systematic scoping literature review to examine the current state of the literature on Arctic CBM and environmental decision-making. Relevant articles (n = 27) were identified through inclusion/exclusion criteria (i.e., English language, peer reviewed, published between 1991 and 2021, and based on primary research) and analyzed using a data extraction questionnaire. We find that there is a growing focus on the relationship between Arctic CBM and decision-making in a range of decision contexts, most notably including co-management institutions. We note that less attention was paid to the potential effects of the often unequal, settler-colonial politics within the broader environmental governance system on the relationship between CBM and decision-making. Indigenous peoples and Indigenous Knowledge systems play a significant role within the included references, but less than half of the included references incorporated Indigenous governance concepts to a major extent. Based on our findings, we recommend future studies engage critical analysis of the influence of the governance and politics in the Arctic (1) on environmental decision-making; (2) the politics of knowledge; and (3) the use of digital technologies in the collection, storage, and mobilization of CBM data.

N. Drew, M. Funk, Stephen Tang et al.

Fasoli Fabio, Dragojevic Marko, Rakić Tamara

Research has shown that individuals speaking low-prestige language varieties are often negatively evaluated and stigmatized by others. However, less is known about how speakers of such language varieties perceive their own speech. Here, we examined self-perceptions and perceived stigma of speakers who belong to multiple social categories signaled by auditory cues. Specifically, we examined beliefs of sexual minority and heterosexual male speakers who were either British nationals (native English speakers) or foreigners living in the UK (non-native English speakers). British speakers believed their voices cue their nationality more than foreigners. Heterosexuals believed their voices reveal their sexual orientation, but only when they self-perceived as sounding masculine. Sexual minority and foreign speakers felt more stigmatized because of the way they sound than did heterosexual and British speakers, respectively. These findings have implications for intergroup communication and voice-based stigmatization literature.

Putranto Manalu, Victor Trismanjaya Hulu, Frans Judea Samosir et al.

Background: Pesticides can poison users if they do not follow pesticide use standards. This is because the active substances in these pesticide products can cause acute pain. Objective: The study aimed to identify the factors of safe behavior in using pesticides in farmers. Methods: This study employed a scoping review method. The literature search was carried out on the indexed databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Free Medical Journals, and ProQuest in English. There were 450 research articles, and 15 met the inclusion criteria. From the 15 journals, information was collected from the publication year 2015-2021, article titles, design, population, interventions, and results. Relevant study articles related to the topics were qualitatively analyzed using NVIVO-12 Plus. Results: The analysis showed that knowledge, safe behavior of using pesticides, farmers' education, and personal protective equipment are the dominant factors influencing the safe behavior of using pesticides on farmers. Conclusion: Farmers who do not comply with safe behavior will have a higher health risk because of the toxicity of pesticides that can be directly inhaled and enter through the pores of the farmers’ skin.

Troy Messick

This paper presents a novel case study of a 3/4 agreement pattern typically found with hybrid nouns. This case study involves agreement and binding with Quantified NPs in English. I propose an analysis that relies on different classes of agreement targets agreeing at different times and couple this with a condition on the access to semantic agreement features. This new analysis can account for the novel data presented here as well as the data from the literature. This paper hence broadens both our empirical knowledge of 3/4 patterns as well as refines our theory of features and agreement that underlie such patterns.

Cuong Pham

Despite the growing body of research on the complex and contextually contingent nature of language learning motivation, investigations into the motivation of English language learners in rural areas have remained limited. This study explores the motivational constructions of two high school students learning English in rural Southeast Vietnam from a situated perspective. The students, one female and one male, were in their first year at high school and had relatively low levels of English. Data gathering took approximately one and a half years and was based primarily on interviews drawing on a social practice approach and observations. Findings reveal that students developed diverse motivational trajectories resulting from a synergy of social and idiosyncratic elements pertinent to their own learning conditions, interpersonal relationships, and their agentive appraisals of language affordances and learning opportunities available within and across settings. The longitudinal and situated perspective of this study provides insights into the ways in which students’ appraisals of affordances were shaped and reshaped by on-going interactions with significant others as well as by the sociocultural values permeating their agentive practices.

Hafizh Assad, Devi Hellystia

This research is supposed to find the types of personification and to know which personification types are dominant in Call Us What We Carry poems by Amanda Gorman. The previous research has emphasized the types, meanings, and functions of personification contained in literary work. The qualitative research method was used in this research. The data of this research were lines and stanzas which personification form is contained within the poem. This research used the types of personification theory by Breen (2021) to analyze the types of personification in the poem. The results of this research showed 3 types of personification which contained 51 data of personification types in total. The Platonic personification type which applied an action, picture, and the role of human knowledge into an inanimate object includes a total of 46 data was the most dominant of the three forms of personification since its characteristics most frequently occur in the lines and stanzas of Call Us What We Carry poems. Then, it is followed by the Prudentian personification type that has religious and deification aspects in their characters with a total of 3 data; it is uncommon to discover lines and stanzas in the Call Us What We Carry poems by Amanda Gorman that fulfill the features of Prudentian personification. The last position was occupied by the Aristotelian personification type which has a mundane and ironic characteristic. This personification type contained the least quantity of 2 data due to the rarity of lines and stanzas.

Afshan Abbas, Fauzia Janjua, Dr.

The present study focuses on the correlation between ecosophy and visual grammar. For this purpose, this study incorporates Guattari’s ecosophy through the model of Kress and Van Leeuwen’s visual grammar(2006) to trace the environmental crisis in the graphic novel ‘Vanni: A Family’s Struggle through the Sri Lankan Conflict’ (2009). The study is qualitative in nature based on multimodal discourse analysis. The findings of the study developed arguments for an ecosophical lens as a way of creating a change of vision within our ethical, social, and political spaces. Through the representational, interactive, and compositional meanings represented in Vanni's visuals, Felix Guattari's ecosophies highlight the trauma of war and its impact on people and the environment.

Gideon Nkrumah, Dmitrii S. Maltsev, Paez-Escamilla A. Manuel et al.

Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disease affecting mostly middle age males. It is marked by the serous detachment of the neurosensory layer at the macula. This review of the literature provides a framework of the current characteristic/relevant imaging findings of CSCR. Although the pathogenesis of CSCR is unclear, the choroid plays a major role and its changes are fundamental to the diagnosis and treatment of CSCR. Methods: A systematic literature search focusing on current multimodal imaging for CSCR was performed. Only articles reporting on original clinical data were selected, studies in a language other than English were included only if an English abstract was provided. Additional sources included articles cited in the references list of the first selected articles. We deduced imaging findings based on current and relevant literature on the topic. Results: We found that sub foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were greater in eyes with acute CSCR than in eyes with chronic CSCR or normal eyes. There was increased choroidal thickness (CT) in the macula compared to peripapillary region. In healthy eyes, the highest CVI was found in the nasal region followed by the inferior, temporal, and superior quadrant. The area with the least CVI was the macula. In eyes with CSCR, 100% had asymmetric dominant vortex veins compared to 38% in normal eyes. Conclusion: Choroidal imaging has advanced the diagnosis of CSCR. This has led to numerous imaging biomarkers like CVI, CT, and hyper-reflective dots for early detection and possible prognostication of CSCR. More techniques like wide field scans and en face imaging are being employed to characterize the choroid in CSCR.

Heidel, Alexandra, Hagist, Christian

BackgroundGermany is the first country worldwide that has introduced a digital care act as an incentive system to enhance the use of digital health devices, namely health apps and wearables, among its population. The act allows physicians to prescribe statutory financed and previously certified health apps and wearables to patients. This initiative has the potential to improve treatment quality through better disease management and monitoring. ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to outline the key concepts related to the potential risks and benefits discussed in the current literature about health apps and wearables. Furthermore, this study aimed to answer the research question: Which risks and benefits may result from the implementation of the digital care act in Germany? MethodsWe conducted the scoping study by searching the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and JMIR using the keywords health apps and wearables. We discussed 55 of 136 identified articles published in the English language from 2015 to March 2019 in this paper using a qualitative thematic analysis approach. ResultsWe identified four key themes within the articles: Effectivity of health apps and wearables to improve health; users of health apps and wearables; the potential of bring-your-own, self-tracked data; and concerns and data privacy risks. Within these themes, we identified three main stages of benefits for the German health care system: Usage of health apps and wearables; continuing to use health apps and wearables; and sharing bring-your-own; self-tracked data with different agents in the health care sector. ConclusionsThe digital care act could lead to an improvement in treatment quality through better patient monitoring, disease management, personalized therapy, and better health education. However, physicians should play an active role in recommending and supervising health app use to reach digital-illiterate or health-illiterate people. Age must not be an exclusion criterion. Yet, concerns about data privacy and security are very strong in Germany. Transparency about data processing should be provided at all times for continuing success of the digital care act in Germany.

Carluccio Antonio, Rubakova Inna, Chetkina Anastasiya

According to our previous research no attempt was made to find a multiple regression model, and consequently a correlation between the personality trait of an introvert/extrovert, individual motivation and an approach to Russian language L2. After a general review of the literature, we mainly concerned English as a foreign language (ESL). A research was made through a survey of Italian students learning Russian L2 outside the language environment in Italy. Starting from their answers we made a suitable score system, thanks to which we made a distribution, graphical and descriptive function for all the three variables. Finally a multiple regression model is provided to make reconciliation among the variables with statistical estimators of reliability.

Ankarfeldt MZ, Adalsteinsson E, Groenwold RHH et al.

Mikkel Z Ankarfeldt,1,2 Erpur Adalsteinsson,1 Rolf HH Groenwold,2,3 M Sanni Ali,2,3,4 Olaf H Klungel,2,3 On behalf of GetReal Work Package 2 1Novo Nordisk A/S, 2Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 4Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Aim: To identify a potential efficacy–effectiveness gap and possible explanations (drivers of effectiveness) for differences between results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies investigating glucose-lowering drugs. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in English language articles published between 1 January, 2000 and 31 January, 2015 describing either RCTs or observational studies comparing glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs (GLP-1) with insulin or comparing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) with sulfonylurea, all with change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as outcome. Medline, Embase, Current Content, and Biosis were searched. Information on effect estimates, baseline characteristics of the study population, publication year, study duration, and number of patients, and for observational studies, characteristics related to confounding adjustment and selection- and information bias were extracted. Results: From 312 hits, 11 RCTs and 7 observational studies comparing GLP-1 with insulin, and from 474 hits, 16 RCTs and 4 observational studies comparing DPP-4i with sulfonylurea were finally included. No differences were observed in baseline characteristics of the study populations (age, sex, body mass index, time since diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and HbA1c) or effect sizes across study designs. Mean effect sizes ranged from −0.43 to 0.91 and from −0.80 to 1.13 in RCTs and observational studies, respectively, comparing GLP-1 with insulin, and from −0.13 to 2.70 and −0.20 to 0.30 in RCTs and observational studies, respectively, comparing DPP-4i and sulfonylurea. Generally, the identified observational studies held potential flaws with regard to confounding adjustment and selection- and information bias. Conclusions: Neither potential drivers of effectiveness nor an efficacy–effectiveness gap were identified. However, the limited number of studies and potential problems with confounding adjustment, selection- and information bias in the observational studies, may have hidden a true efficacy-effectiveness gap. Keywords: efficacy–effectiveness gap, diabetes mellitus, type 2, glucose-lowering drugs, hemoglobin A1c, literature review

Beatriz Oria Gómez

Abstract: The importance of New York in Sex and the City (HBO, 1998-2004) is explicitly acknowledged in its very title. The opening credits already announce that “the City” is going to play an essential role in the series, virtually becoming its fifth character. The aim of this article is to discuss Sex and the City’s representation of New York, which is clearly reminiscent of Woody Allen’s cinema: as is often the case in Allen’s lms, the Big Apple is realistically portrayed and highly romanticised at the same time. This article analyses Allen’s in uence on Sex and the City’s depiction of this city, which is alternatively presented as the perfect scenario for romantic integration and as a cruel and chaotic dating “hell”. Keywords: Sex and the City, Woody Allen, representation of New York. Title in Spanish: “Living in Reality Means Living in Pain, Fear, or Brooklyn”: la representación de Nueva York en Sex and the City Resumen: La importancia de la ciudad de Nueva York en Sex and the City (HBO, 1998- 2004) se hace evidente no sólo en su título, sino también en su cabecera, que anuncia el papel primordial que la ciudad va a desempeñar en el texto, hasta el punto de convertirse prácticamente en el quinto personaje de la serie. Este artículo analiza la representación que Sex and the City hace de Nueva York en relación con el cine de Woody Allen: como suele suceder en las películas del director neoyorquino, la serie ofrece un retrato simultáneamente realista e idealizado de la Gran Manzana. Este artículo considera la influencia de Allen en la representación que Sex and the City hace de Nueva York, una ciudad que unas veces se presenta como escenario perfecto para la integración romántica y otras como una caótica “jungla” sentimental. Palabras clave: Sex and the City, Woody Allen, representación de Nueva York.

Edmundo Mora

This paper presents some ideas on how to use games for the learning of vocabulary in the context of communication activities so as to give students the maximum opportunity of practicing lexical items in situations in which they feel a real need of using the words being studied. This is very important in as much as the strategies suggested "create a sense of a need for a word" (Allen, 1989). This approach is quite different from that observed in many English classes.

Braj B. Kachru

Raquel Carolina Souza Ferraz D'Ely, Maria da Glória Guará-Tavares

Introduction: L2 Learning/teaching and Technology: A ‘CALL’ for a change?